Preliminary Data Sheet
WidePort LANCAM
®
Family
APPLICATION BENEFITS
Enhances Ethernet and Token-Ring LAN bridges
and switches:
Ø
64-bit width stores 48-bit MAC address plus
associated data (Port ID, time stamp,
“permanent” flag)
Ø
32-bit I/O supports multiple ports of fast
(100 Mb) Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet
Ø
Station list depth flexibility with choice of
pin-compatible device densities and
glue-free cascading
Ø
3.3 Volt option for low power systems
Ø
Industrial temperature grades for harsh
environments
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Ø
4096 (4485A/L), 2048 (2485A/L), and 1024
(1485A/L) word CMOS content-addressable
memories (CAMs)
Ø
64-bit word width
Ø
32-bit I/O compatible with the MU9C1485
Ø
Fast 50 ns compare speed
Ø
Dual configuration register set for rapid
context switching
Ø
Increased flexibility of MUSIC’s patented
CAM/RAM partitioning
Ø
80-pin TQFP package with the same pinout as
the MU9C1485 and MU9C1965A/L
Ø
5 volt (A) or 3.3 volt (L) operation
(3 2 )
M UX
D ATA (6 4 )
I/ O B U FF E R S
DQ 3 1 – 0
(3 2 )
(3 2 )
TRA N S L A TE
(8 02 .3 /8 0 2 .5 )
DE M U X
D ATA (6 4 )
(3 2 )
S O U R CE AN D
D E S TINA TIO N
S EG M ENT
C O U N TE R S
C O M P AR A ND
M AS K R E G IS TE R 1
M AS K R E G IS TE R 2
3 2 K o r 1 6 K X 2 V AL ID I TY B ITS
C O MM AN D S
& S TA TU S
AD D R E S S D E C O D E R
/W
/E
/CM
/EC
/R E S E T
17/ 16
/M A
P R I OR I TY E N CO D E R
/M M
2
CO NT RO L
LO G I C
CO NT RO L
AND S T AT US
RE G IS T ER S
CAM A RR AY
3 2 K or 1 6 K
W O RD S
X 6 4 B ITS
15/ 14
/ FF
F LA G
L O G IC
/ FI
/M F
/M I
Block Diagram
LANCAM, the MUSIC logo, and the phrase “MUSIC Semiconductors” are registered trademarks of MUSIC Semiconductors. MUSIC is
a trademark of MUSIC Semiconductors. Certain features of this device are patented under US Patent 5,383,146.
2 December 1998 Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM
®
Family
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The MU9C4485A/L, MU9C2485A/L, and MU9C1485A/L
WidePort LANCAMs are 64-bit wide content-addressable
memories (CAMs), featuring a 32-bit wide interface. This
interface doubles the available I/O bandwidth in many
applications while maintaining the same powerful enhanced
architecture and instruction set as the MU9C2480A/L.
Content-addressable memories, also known as associative
memories, operate in the converse way to random access
memories (RAM). In a RAM, the input to the device is an
address and the output is the data stored at that address. In a
CAM, the input is a data sample and the output is a flag to
indicate a match and the address of the matching data. As a
result, a CAM searches large databases for matching data in a
short, constant time period, no matter how many entries are in
the database. The ability to search data words up to 64 bits
wide allows large address spaces to be searched rapidly and
efficiently. A patented architecture links each CAM entry to
associated data and makes this data available for use after a
successful compare operation.
While the WidePort LANCAMs are optimized for LAN network
address filtering, they are also well suited for applications that
require high-speed data searching, such as virtual memories
and cache management, data compression and encryption,
database accelerators, and image processing.
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
To use the WidePort LANCAM, the user loads the data into
the Comparand register, which is automatically compared to
all valid CAM locations. The device then indicates whether
or not one or more of the valid CAM locations contains data
that match the target data. The status of each CAM location
is determined by two validity bits at each memory location.
The two bits are encoded to render four validity conditions:
Valid, Skip, Empty, and Random Access, as shown in Table 1.
The memory can be partitioned into CAM and associated
RAM segments on 16-bit boundaries, but by using one of the
two available mask registers, the CAM/RAM partitioning can
be set at any arbitrary size between zero and 64 bits.
The WidePort LANCAM’s internal data path is 64 bits wide
for rapid internal comparison and data movement. A data
translation facility converts between IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD
“Ethernet”) and 802.5 (Token Ring) address formats. Vertical
cascading of additional WidePort LANCAMs in a daisy chain
fashion extends the CAM memory depth for large databases.
Cascading requires no external logic. Loading data to the
Control, Comparand, and mask registers automatically triggers
Skip Bit
0
0
1
1
Empty Bit
0
1
0
1
Entry Type
Valid
Empty
Skip
RAM
a compare. Compares may also be initiated by a command to
the device. Associated RAM data is available immediately
after a successful compare operation. The Status register reports
the results of compares including all flags and addresses. Two
mask registers are available and can be used in two different
ways: to mask comparisons or to mask data writes. The random
access validity type allows additional masks to be stored in
the CAM array where they may be retrieved rapidly.
A simple four-wire control interface and commands loaded
into the Instruction decoder control the device. A powerful
instruction set increases the control flexibility and minimizes
software overhead. Additionally, dedicated pins for match and
multiple-match flags enhance performance when the device is
controlled by a state machine. These and other features make
the WidePort LANCAM a powerful associative memory that
drastically reduces search delays.
G ND
D Q8
D Q7
D Q6
D Q5
D Q4
D Q3
D Q2
D Q1
D Q0
G ND
G ND
G ND
42
G ND
41
V CC
V CC
/C M
45
/ MA
44
/EC
/ FI
43
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
G ND
G ND
D Q9
D Q 10
D Q 11
NC
V CC
V CC
TE S T2
NC
G ND
G ND
D Q 12
D Q 13
G ND
G ND
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
NC
/ FF
/ MI
/ MF
/ MM
G ND
G ND
/R ESET
V CC
V CC
/E
/W
V CC
V CC
TE S T1
NC
D Q 31
D Q 30
G ND
G ND
80-Pin TQFP
8 0 -P IN TQ FP
(Top V ie w )
(Top View)
Table 1: Entry Types vs. Validity Bits
/W
LOW
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
/CM
Cycle Type
LOW
Command Write Cycle
HIGH
Data Write Cycle
LOW
Command Read Cycle
HIGH
Data Read Cycle
Table 2: I/O Cycles
D Q 14
D Q 15
D Q 16
NC
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
D Q 28
19
D Q 29
D Q 17
D Q 18
D Q 19
D Q 20
V CC
D Q 21
D Q 22
D Q 23
D Q 24
D Q 25
GN
D
D Q 26
D Q 27
GN
D
GN
D
GN
D
GN
D
Pinout Diagram
Rev. 2
2
GN
D
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
WidePort LANCAM
®
Family
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
All signals are implemented in CMOS technology with TTL levels. Signal names that start with a slash (“/”) are active LOW. Inputs
should never be left floating. The CAM architecture draws large currents during compare operations, mandating the use of good layout
and bypassing techniques. Refer to the Electrical Characteristics section for more information.
/E (Chip Enable, Input, TTL)
The /E input enables the device while LOW. The falling
edge registers the control signals /W, /CM, /EC. The rising
edge locks the daisy chain, turns off the DQ pins, and clocks
the Destination and Source Segment counters. The four
cycle types enabled by /E are shown in Table 2.
/W (Write Enable, Input, TTL)
The /W input selects the direction of data flow during a
device cycle. /W LOW selects a Write cycle and /W HIGH
selects a Read cycle.
/CM (Data/Command Select, Input, TTL)
The /CM input selects whether the input signals on
DQ31–0 are data or commands. /CM LOW selects Command
cycles and /CM HIGH selects Data cycles.
/EC (Enable Daisy Chain, Input, TTL)
The /EC signal performs two functions. The /EC input
enables the /MF output to show the results of a comparison,
as shown in Figure 6. If /EC is LOW at the falling edge of /E
in a given cycle, the /MF output is enabled. Otherwise, the
/MF output is held HIGH. The /EC signal also enables the
/MF–/MI daisy chain, which serves to select the device
with the highest-priority match in a string of LANCAMs.
Tables 6a and 6b explain the effect of the /EC signal on a
device with or without a match in both Standard and
Enhanced modes. /EC must be HIGH during initialization.
DQ31–0 (Data Bus, Three-state I/O, TTL)
The DQ31–0 lines convey data, commands, and status to
and from the WidePort LANCAM, as shown in Table 3. /W
and /CM control the direction and nature of the information
that flows to or from the device. When /E is HIGH, DQ31–0 go
to HIGH-Z.
/MF (Match Flag, Output, TTL)
The /MF output goes LOW when one or more valid
matches occur during a compare cycle. /MF becomes
valid after /E goes HIGH on the cycle that enables the
daisy chain (on the first cycle that /EC is registered LOW
by the previous falling edge of /E; see Figure 6). In a
daisy chain, valid match(es) in higher priority devices
are passed from the /MI input to /MF. If the daisy chain
is enabled but the match flag is disabled in the Control
register, the /MF output only depends on the /MI input
3
of the device (/MF=/MI). /MF is HIGH if there is no match
or when the daisy chain is disabled (/E goes HIGH when
/EC was HIGH on the previous falling edge of /E). The
System Match flag is the /MF pin of the last device in
the daisy chain. /MF will be reset when the active
configuration register set is changed.
/MI (Match Input, Input, TTL)
The /MI input prioritizes devices in vertically cascaded
systems. It is connected to the /MF output of the previous
device in the daisy chain. The /MI pin on the first device in
the chain must be tied HIGH.
/MA (Device Match Flag, Output, TTL)
The /MA output is LOW when one or more valid matches
occur during the current or the last previous compare
cycle. The /MA output is not qualified by /EC or /MI,
and reflects the match flag from that specific device’s
Status register. /MA will be reset when the active register
set is changed.
/MM (Device Multiple Match Flag, Output, TTL)
The /MM output is LOW when more than one valid
match occurs during the current or the last previous
compare cycle. The /MM output is not qualified by /EC
or /MI, and reflects the multiple match flag from that
specific device’s Status register. /MM will be reset when
the active register set is changed.
/FF (Full Flag, Output, TTL)
If enabled in the Control register, the /FF output goes LOW
when no empty memory locations exist within the device
(and in the daisy chain above the device as indicated by
the /FI pin). The System Full flag is the /FF pin of the last
device in the daisy chain, and the Next Free address resides
in the device with /FI LOW and /FF HIGH. If disabled in the
Control register, the /FF output only depends on the /FI
input (/FF = /FI).
/FI (Full Input, Input, TTL)
The /FI input generates a CAM-Memory-System-Full
indication in vertically cascaded systems. It is connected
to the /FF output of the previous device in the daisy chain.
The /FI pin on the first device in a chain must be tied LOW.
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM
®
Family
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Continued
/RESET (Reset, Input, TTL)
/RESET must be driven LOW to place the device in a known
state before operation, which will reset the device to the
conditions shown in Table 5. The /RESET pin should be
driven by TTL levels, not directly by an RC timeout. /E
must be kept HIGH during /RESET.
TEST1, TEST2 (Test, Input, TTL)
These pins enable MUSIC production test modes that are
not usable in an application. They should be connected to
ground, either directly or through a pull-down resistor, or
they may be left unconnected. These pins may not be
implemented on all versions of these products.
VCC, GND (Positive Power Supply, Ground)
These pins are the power supply connections to the
WidePort LANCAM. VCC must meet the voltage supply
requirements in the Operating Conditions section relative
to the GND pins, which are at 0 Volts (system reference
potential), for correct operation of the device. All the
ground and power pins must be connected to their
respective planes with adequate bulk and high frequency
bypassing capacitors in close proximity to the device.
The MU9C2485A/L and MU9C1485A/L are compatible
with the original MU9C1485 connections, and may be
operated at -90 or slower switching characteristics
without the GND connections on pins 1, 2, 20, 21, 22, 41,
42, 60, 61, and 62.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The WidePort LANCAM is a content-addressable
memory (CAM) with 32-bit I/O for network address
filtering, virtual memory, data compression, caching, and
table lookup applications. The memory consists of static
CAM, organized in 64-bit data fields. Each data field can
be partitioned into a CAM and a RAM subfield on 16-bit
boundaries. The contents of the memory can be randomly
accessed or associatively accessed by the use of a
compare. During automatic comparison cycles, data in
the Comparand register is automatically compared with
the “Valid” entries in the memory array. The Device ID can be
read using a TCO PS instruction (see Table 13).
The data inputs and outputs of the WidePort LANCAM
are multiplexed for data and instructions over a 32-bit
I/O bus. Internally, data is handled on a 64-bit basis,
since the Comparand register, the mask registers, and
each memory entry are 64 bits wide. Memory entries are
/W
LOW
/CM
LOW
Cycle Type
Command write
“f” Bit
0
1
0
1
X
X
X
X
globally configurable into CAM and RAM segments on
16-bit boundaries, as described in US Patent 5,383,146
assigned to MUSIC Semiconductors. Seven different
CAM/RAM splits are possible, with the CAM width
going from one to four segments, and the remaining RAM
width going from three to zero segments. Finer resolution
on compare width is possible by invoking a mask register
during a compare, which does global masking on a bit
basis. The CAM subfield contains the associative data,
which enters into compares, while the RAM subfield
contains the associated data, which is not compared. In
LAN bridges, the RAM subfield can hold, for example,
port-address and aging information related to the
destination or source address information held in the
CAM subfield of a given location. In a translation
application, the CAM field can hold the dictionary
entries, while the RAM field holds the translations, with
almost instantaneous response.
DQ31–16
Non-TCO Instruction
Non-TCO Instruction
TCO Instruction (Read register)*
TCO Instruction (Write register)
Status Register bits 31–16
Status Register bits 31–16†
Data to CR, MRX, Mem.
Data from CR, MRX, Mem.
DQ15–0
XXXX
Absolute Address
XXXX
Value to Register
Status Register bits 15–0
Register contents*
Data to CR, MRX, Mem.
Data from CR, MRX, Mem.
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
Notes:
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
Command read
TCO 2nd cycle
Data write
Data read
*
A CW of a TCO Instruction with the “f” bit set to 0 sets up a Register read in the following cycle. The
following cycle must be a Command Read cycle, otherwise the register read will be cancelled.
†
Upper 16 bits will be Status Register bits 31–16, except for a read of the Page Address register, in which
case they will be all zeros.
Table 3: DQ Bus Multiplexing
Rev. 2
4
WidePort LANCAM
®
Family
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Continued
Each entry has two validity bits (known as Skip bit and
Empty bit) associated with it to define its particular type:
empty, valid, skip, or RAM. When data is written to the
active Comparand register, and the active Segment
Control register reaches its terminal count, the contents
of the Comparand register are automatically compared
with the CAM portion of all the valid entries in the
memory array. For added versatility, the Comparand
register can be barrel-shifted right or left one bit at a
time. A Compare instruction can then be used to force
another compare between the Comparand register and
the CAM portion of memory entries of any one of the
four validity types. After a Read or Move from Memory
operation, the validity bits of the location read or moved
will be copied into the Status register, where they can be
read from the Status register using Command Read cycles.
Data can be moved from one of the data registers (CR,
MR1, or MR2) to a memory location that is based on the
results of the last comparison (Highest-Priority Match
or Next Free), or to an absolute address, or to the location
pointed to by the active Address register. Data can also
be written directly to the memory from the DQ bus using
any of the above addressing modes. The Address
register may be directly loaded and may be set to
increment or decrement, allowing DMA-type reading or
writing from memory.
Two sets of configuration registers (Control, Segment
Control, Address, Mask Register 1, and Persistent Source
and Destination) are provided to permit rapid context
switching between foreground and background
activities. Writes, reads, moves, and compares are
controlled by the currently active set of configuration
registers. The foreground set would typically be pre-
loaded with values useful for comparing input data, often
called filtering, while the background set would be pre-
loaded with values useful for housekeeping activities
such as purging old entries. Moving from the foreground
task of filtering to the background task of purging can
be done by issuing a single instruction to change the
current set of configuration registers. The match
condition of the device is reset whenever the active
register set is changed.
The active Control register determines the operating
conditions within the device. Conditions set by this
register’s contents are reset, enable or disable Match
flag, enable or disable Full flag, default data translation,
CAM/RAM partitioning, disable or select masking
conditions, disable or select auto-incrementing or
5
auto-decrementing the Address register, and select
Standard (compatible with the MU9C1485) or Enhanced
mode. The active Segment Control register contains
separate counters to control the writing of 32-bit data
segments to the selected persistent destination, and to
control the reading of 32-bit data segments from the
selected persistent source.
There are two active mask registers at any one time,
which can be selected to mask comparisons or data
writes. Mask Register 1 has both a foreground and
background mode to support rapid context switching.
Mask Register 2 does not have this mode, but can be
shifted left or right one bit at a time. For masking
comparisons, data stored in the active selected mask
register determines which bits of the comparand are
compared against the valid contents of the memory. If a
bit is set HIGH in the mask register, the same bit position
in the Comparand register becomes a “don’t care” for
the purpose of the comparison with all the memory
locations. During a Data Write cycle or a MOV instruction,
data in the specified active mask register can also
determine which bits in the destination will be updated.
If a bit is HIGH in the mask register, the corresponding
bit of the destination is unchanged.
The match line associated with each memory address is
fed into a priority encoder where multiple responses are
resolved, and the address of the highest-priority
responder (the lowest numerical match address) is
generated. In the LAN bridge application, a multiple
response might indicate an error. In other applications
the existence of multiple responders may be valid.
Four input control signals and commands loaded into an
instruction decoder control the WidePort LANCAM. Two
of the four input control signals determine the cycle type.
The control signals tell the device whether the data on the
I/O bus represents data or a command, and is input or output.
Commands are decoded by instruction logic and control
moves, forced compares, validity bit manipulations, and the
data path within the device. Registers (Control, Segment
Control, Address, Next Free Address, etc.) are accessed using
Temporary Command Override instructions. The data path
from the DQ bus to/from data resources (comparand, masks,
and memory) within the device are set until changed by Select
Persistent Source and Destination instructions.
After a Compare cycle (caused by either a data write to the
Comparand or mask registers, a write to the Control register,
or a forced compare), the Status register contains the
Rev. 2
单片机
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