Supertex inc.
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MD2131
High Speed Ultrasound Beamforming Source Driver
High resolution transmitting waveform
Up to 3.0A push-pull source-driving current
230V
P-P
maximum output, uses two DN2625 FETs
Angle vector beamforming I-Q switcher matrix
8-bit apodization DAC and 7.5° angular resolution
Flexible frequency-resolution trade-off
Programmable aperture windowing
250MHz maximum sampling rate
25MHz ultrasound maximum frequency
PWM modulation push-pull current source
Focusing phase adjustment & chirp waveform
Fast SPI interface
2.5V CMOS logic interface
+5.0V single power supply
Low second order harmonic distortions
General Description
The MD2131 is a high-speed, arbitrary waveform, push-pull
source driver. It is designed for medical ultrasound imaging and
HIFU beamforming applications. It also can be used in NDT,
Sonar and other ultrasound phase-array focusing beamforming
applications.
The MD2131 consists of CMOS digital logic input circuits, an
8-bit current DAC for waveform amplitude control, and four PWM
current-sources. These current sources are constructed with the
high-speed, in-phase and quadrature current-switch matrix and
the built-in sine and cosine angle-to-vector look-up table. The
angular resolution of the vector table is 7.5
O
per step, with a total
range of 48 steps. There are four logic input signals to control the
in-phase and quadrature PWM push-pull current-source’s output
timing, frequency, cycle in the burst and waveform envelope.
The MD2131’s output stage is designed to drive two DN2625
depletion N-type MOSFETs. The MOSFET drains are connected
to a center-tap ultrasound frequency pulse transformer. The
secondary winding of the transformer can connect to the
ultrasound piezo or capacitive transducer via a cable with a
good impendence match. The MD2131 has a high-speed, SPI-
compatible interface to achieve per-scan-line fast updating of the
data register for changing the beamforming phase angles and
apodization amplitudes.
Applications
►
Medical ultrasound imaging transmit beamforming
►
High resolution NDT and Sonar phase arrays
►
HIFU transducer phase arrays beamforming and
focus scanning
►
Piezoelectric & MEMS transducer waveform drivers
►
High speed, high voltage, arbitrary waveform
generator
MD2131 Block Diagram
VLL
IA
QA
IB
QB
+2.5V
+5.0V
VDD
C3A
C2A
KA
C1A
+5.0V
+3.3V
Level
Translator
D1
PA
DN2625
I
SUB
GND
+70-100V
V
PP
XDRC
T1
EN
SDI
SDO
SCK
CS
LD
Data
Latch
&
Control
Logic
A
SIN/COS
Table
&
Level
Translator
Vector
Beamforming
Switch
Matrix
Q
PB
DN2625
DAC
D2
+5.0V
DGND
AGND
VREF
RFB
C3B
C2B
KB
C1B
+3.3V
+V
REF
Doc.# DSFP-MD2131
C102412
Supertex inc.
www.supertex.com
MD2131
Ordering Information
Part Number
MD2131K7-G
Package Option
40-Lead (5x5) QFN
Packing
490/Tray
1
Pin Configuration
40
-G indicates package is RoHS compliant (‘Green’)
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
V
LL
, Logic supply
V
DD
, Positive supply
V
PA
V
PB
Driver outputs
V
SUB
, Ground
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Value
-0.5V to +3.5V
-0.5V to +6.0V
-0.5V to +6.0V
0V
0°C to +70°C
-65°C to +150°C
40-Lead QFN (K7)
(top view)
Package Marking
MD2131
LLLLLL
YYWW
AAACCC
L = Lot Number
YY = Year Sealed
WW = Week Sealed
A = Assembler ID
C = Country of Origin
= “Green” Packaging
Package may or may not include the following marks: Si or
40-Lead QFN (K7)
Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may
occur. Functional operation under these conditions is not implied. Continuous operation
of the device at the absolute rating level may affect device reliability. All voltages are
referenced to device ground.
Typical Thermal Resistance
Package
40-Lead QFN
* 4”x3”, 4-layer 1oz 16-via PCB
θ
ja
26
O
C/W*
Operating Supply Voltages
Sym
V
LL
V
DD
I
LLQ
I
DDQ
I
LLEN
I
DDEN
I
LL50
I
DD50
Parameter
Logic supply
Power supply
(Over operating conditions unless otherwise specified, V
LL
= +2.5V, V
DD
= +5.0V, R
FB
= 50kΩ, DAC = 0, V
REF
= 2.5V, T
A
= 25°C)
Min
2.3
4.75
-
-
-
-
-
-
Typ
2.5
5.00
0.1
0.2
5.0
5.0
0.5
80
Max
2.7
5.25
1.0
1.0
20
12
3.0
-
Units
V
V
µA
µA
mA
mA
mA
LL
Conditions
T
A
= 0 to 70°C
Standby condition
f
CLK
= 0, all logic input no transit
f
CLK
= 50MHz, CW, IA, IB, QA, QB = 0
EN = 1, IA, IB, QA, QB = 50MHz, CW
V
LL
supply current EN = 0
V
DD
supply current EN = 0
V
LL
supply current EN = 1
V
DD
supply current EN = 1
V
LL
supply current EN = 1
V
DD
supply current EN = 1
Output Characteristics
(Over operating conditions unless otherwise specified, V
Angle = 45° IA = QA = Hi or IB = QB = Hi of 1μs, D% = 0.1%, T
A
= 25°C)
= +2.5V, V
DD
= +5.0V, V
REF
= 2.5V, R
FB
= 50kΩ,
Sym
I
MAX-A/B
I
OO-A/B
Parameter
Full scale output peak current
Output current offset
Output voltage range,
+10% of I
PA/B
Min
2.88
-
5.3
5.0
4.5
-
-
-
Typ
-
0.5
5.8
5.5
5.0
1.0
1.2
1.8
Max
3.52
2.0
-
-
-
1.5
1.7
2.3
Units
A
mA
Conditions
DAC = 255
DAC = 0
I
PA/B
= 1.0A
I
PA/B
= 1.5A
V
PA
, V
PB
Output voltage range,
-10% of I
PA/B
V
I
PA/B
= 3.0A
I
PA/B
= 1.0A
I
PA/B
= 1.5A
I
PA/B
= 3.0A
Doc.# DSFP-MD2131
C102412
2
Supertex inc.
www.supertex.com
MD2131
Aperture DAC Characteristics
Sym
Reso
E
LINEAR
E
DNL
MON
V
REF
Parameter
Resolution
Linearity error
Differential nonlinearity error
Monotonicity
External reference voltage
(Over operating conditions unless otherwise specified, V
LL
= +3.3V, V
DD
= +5V, R
FB
= 50kΩ, T
A
= 25°C)
Min
-
-
-
-
1.25
Typ
8
1.0
0.6
8
-
Max
-
3.0
1.0
-
2.5
Units
Bits
%
%
Bits
V
Conditions
---
±% of FSR
±% of FSR
---
---
Logic and Data Input Characteristics
Sym
V
IH
V
IL
I
IH
I
IL
Parameter
Input logic high voltage
Input logic low voltage
Input logic high current
Input logic low current
(Over operating conditions unless otherwise specified, V
LL
= +3.3V, V
DD
= +5V, R
FB
= 50kΩ, T
A
= 0 - 70°C)
Min
0.8V
LL
0
-
-1.0
Typ
-
-
-
-
Max
V
LL
0.2V
LL
1.0
-
Units
V
V
µA
µA
Conditions
---
---
---
---
AC Electrical Characteristics
Sym
t
ST
t
r
t
f
t
dr
t
df
t
M
t
J
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
t
6
t
7
t
8
t
9
t
10
f
SCK
THD
t
EN-OFF
t
EN-ON
Parameter
DAC to output setup time
Output current rise time
Output current fall time
(Over operating conditions unless otherwise specified, V
LL
= +3.3V, V
DD
= +5V, R
FB
= 50kΩ, T
A
= 25°C)
Min
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
4.0
45
45
4.0
7.0
7.0
-
7.0
10
40
-
-
-
Typ
-
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
±2.0
50
2.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-45
5.0
13.5
Max
10
3.0
3.0
5.0
5.0
±3.0
-
-
-
55
55
6.0
-
-
10
-
-
-
-40
8.0
20.0
Units
µs
Conditions
All caps 10nF, DAC = 0 to 255,
settle to 1LSB
1.0Ω resistor load to V
DD
,
DAC = 85,
Angle = 45
O
,
V
REF
= 2.5V
From PA to PB and device to device
---
See serial interface timing diagram
See serial interface timing diagram
Input to output delay on rise
Input to output delay on fall
Delay time matching
Output jitter
SDI valid to SCK setup time
SDI valid to SCK hold time
SCK high time (% of 1/f
SCK
)
SCK low time (% of 1/f
SCK
)
CS pulse width
LSB SCK high to CS high
CS low to SCK high
SDO propagation delay from SCK
failing edge
CS high to SCK raising edge
CS high to LD raising edge
Serial clock maximum frequency
Total harmonic distortion
EN fall to PA/PB turn OFF time
EN rise to PA/PB turn ON time
ns
ns
ps
ns
%
ns
See serial interface timing diagram
MHz
dB
ns
µs
---
---
50% to 90%
50% to 10%
Doc.# DSFP-MD2131
C102412
3
Supertex inc.
www.supertex.com
MD2131
Serial Register Description
Command
C1
C0
MSB
DAC Value Register
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
LSB
MSB
Vector Angle Register
A4
A3
A2
A1
LSB
D7
D0
A5
A0
Command Description
Command
C1
0
0
1
1
C0
0
1
0
1
Description
Write to input register
Read register
Power down triggered at C[1:0] = 10 and cs rise edge, other state power-up
No operation
DAC Input and Output Description
MSB
DAC Value Register
D6
0
0
1
0
1
1
D5
0
0
1
0
1
1
D4
0
0
1
0
1
1
D3
0
0
1
0
1
1
D2
0
0
1
0
1
1
D1
0
0
1
0
1
1
LSB
D7
0
0
0
1
1
1
D0
0
1
1
0
0
1
PA/PB Output Current
(0/255)I
MAX-A/B
+ I
OO-A/B
(1/255)I
MAX-A/B
+ I
OO-A/B
(127/255)I
MAX-A/B
+ I
OO-A/B
(128/255)I
MAX-A/B
+ I
OO-A/B
(254/255)I
MAX-A/B
+ I
OO-A/B
(255/255)I
MAX-A/B
+ I
OO-A/B
Angle Register and I/Q Vector Description
MSB
Angle Register
A4
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
A3
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
A2
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
A1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
LSB
Angle
Degree
0
7.5
45
1
90
135
180
225
270
315
352.5
360 = 0
2
I-Vector (6-bit)
COS
111111
111110
101101
000000
-101101
-111111
-101101
-000000
101101
111110
111111
Q-Vector (6-bit)
SIN
000000
001000
101101
111111
101101
000000
-101101
-111111
-101101
-001000
000000
A5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
A0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Notes:
1. Maximum current magnitude of output PA or PB is at 45° angle, when IA = QA = Hi or IB = QB = Hi.
2. Angle>110000B (48) are reserved states.
Doc.# DSFP-MD2131
C102412
4
Supertex inc.
www.supertex.com
MD2131
Serial Interface Timing Diagram
t
1
SCK
t
2
1
t
3
2
t
4
3
15
t
6
16
t
9
SDI
t
5
CS
t
8
SDO
t
10
LD
t
7
PWM Interface Timing Diagram
In-Phase PWM Waveforms
IA
IB
-64
-56
-48
-40
-32
-24
-16
-8
0
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
Sample Number
Quadrature PWM Waveforms
QA
QB
-64
-56
-48
-40
-32
-24
-16
-8
0
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
Sample Number
Doc.# DSFP-MD2131
C102412
5
Supertex inc.
www.supertex.com
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