CY14B101P
1-Mbit (128 K × 8) Serial SPI nvSRAM
with Real Time Clock
1-Mbit (128 K × 8) Serial SPI nvSRAM with Real Time Clock
Features
■
■
1-Mbit nonvolatile static random access memory (nvSRAM)
❐
Internally organized as 128 K × 8
❐
STORE to QuantumTrap nonvolatile elements initiated
automatically on power-down (AutoStore) or by user using
HSB pin (Hardware STORE) or SPI instruction (Software
STORE)
❐
RECALL to SRAM initiated on power-up (Power-up
RECALL) or by SPI instruction (Software RECALL)
❐
Automatic STORE on power-down with a small capacitor
High reliability
❐
❐
❐
Write protection
❐
Hardware protection using Write Protect (WP) pin
❐
Software protection using Write Disable instruction
❐
Software block protection for 1/4, 1/2, or entire array
Low power consumption
❐
Single 3 V +20%, –10% operation
❐
Average active current of 10 mA at 40 MHz operation
Industry standard configurations
❐
Industrial temperature
❐
16-pin small outline integrated circuit (SOIC) package
❐
Restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) compliant
■
■
■
Infinite read, write, and RECALL cycles
1 million STORE cycles to QuantumTrap
Data retention: 20 years
Overview
The Cypress CY14B101P combines a 1-Mbit nonvolatile static
RAM with full featured real time clock in a monolithic integrated
circuit with serial SPI interface. The memory is organized as
128 K words of 8 bits each. The embedded nonvolatile elements
incorporate the QuantumTrap technology, creating the world’s
most reliable nonvolatile memory. The SRAM provides infinite
read and write cycles, while the QuantumTrap cells provide
highly reliable nonvolatile storage of data. Data transfers from
SRAM to the nonvolatile elements (STORE operation) takes
place automatically at power-down. On power-up, data is
restored to the SRAM from the nonvolatile memory (RECALL
operation). The STORE and RECALL operations can also be
initiated by the user through SPI instruction.
■
Real time clock (RTC)
❐
Full featured real time clock
❐
Watchdog timer
❐
Clock alarm with programmable interrupts
❐
Capacitor or battery backup for RTC
❐
Backup current of 0.35 µA (Typical)
High speed serial peripheral interface (SPI)
❐
40 MHz clock rate - SRAM memory access
❐
25 MHz clock rate - RTC memory access
❐
Supports SPI mode 0 (0,0) and mode 3 (1,1)
■
Logic Block Diagram
QuantumTrap
128 K X 8
V
CC
V
CAP
CS
WP
SCK
HOLD
Power Control
Instruction decode
Write protect
Control logic
SRAM Array
128 K X 8
STORE
RECALL
STORE/RECALL
Control
HSB
Instruction
register
A0-A16
Address
Decoder
D0-D7
RTC
X
out
X
in
INT
MUX
SI
Data I/O register
SO
Status Register
Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
Document Number: 001-44109 Rev. *M
•
198 Champion Court
•
San Jose
,
CA 95134-1709
•
408-943-2600
Revised August 3, 2012
CY14B101P
Contents
Pinout ................................................................................ 3
Pin Definitions .................................................................. 3
Device Operation .............................................................. 4
SRAM Write ................................................................. 4
SRAM Read ................................................................ 4
STORE Operation ....................................................... 4
AutoStore Operation .................................................... 4
Software STORE Operation ........................................ 5
Hardware STORE and HSB Pin Operation ................. 5
RECALL Operation ...................................................... 5
Hardware RECALL (Power-Up) .................................. 5
Software RECALL ....................................................... 5
Disabling and Enabling AutoStore ............................... 5
Serial Peripheral Interface ............................................... 6
SPI Overview ............................................................... 6
SPI Modes ......................................................................... 7
SPI Operating Features .................................................... 8
Power-Up .................................................................... 8
Power-On Reset .......................................................... 8
Power-Down ................................................................ 8
Active Power and Standby Power Modes ................... 8
SPI Functional Description .............................................. 8
Status Register ................................................................. 9
Read Status Register (RDSR) Instruction ................... 9
Write Status Register (WRSR) Instruction .................. 9
Write Protection and Block Protection ......................... 10
Write Enable (WREN) Instruction .............................. 10
Write Disable (WRDI) Instruction .............................. 11
Block Protection ........................................................ 11
Hardware Write Protection (WP Pin) ......................... 11
Memory Access .............................................................. 11
Read Sequence (READ) instruction .......................... 11
Write Sequence (WRITE) instruction ........................ 11
RTC Access ..................................................................... 13
READ RTC (RDRTC) Instruction .............................. 13
WRITE RTC (WRTC) Instruction ............................... 14
nvSRAM Special Instructions ........................................ 14
Software STORE (STORE) instruction ...................... 14
Software RECALL (RECALL) instruction .................. 14
AutoStore Enable (ASENB) instruction ..................... 14
AutoStore Disable (ASDISB) instruction ................... 15
HOLD Pin Operation ................................................. 15
Real Time Clock Operation ............................................ 16
nvTIME Operation ..................................................... 16
Clock Operations ....................................................... 16
Reading the Clock ..................................................... 16
Setting the Clock ....................................................... 16
Backup Power ........................................................... 16
Stopping and Starting the Oscillator .......................... 16
Calibrating the Clock ................................................. 17
Alarm ......................................................................... 17
Watchdog Timer ........................................................ 17
Power Monitor ........................................................... 18
Interrupts ................................................................... 18
Interrupt Register ....................................................... 18
Flags Register ........................................................... 18
Accessing the Real Time Clock through SPI ............. 19
Maximum Ratings ........................................................... 24
Operating Range ............................................................. 24
DC Electrical Characteristics ........................................ 24
Data Retention and Endurance ..................................... 25
Capacitance .................................................................... 25
Thermal Resistance ........................................................ 25
AC Test Conditions ........................................................ 25
RTC Characteristics ....................................................... 26
AC Switching Characteristics ....................................... 26
Switching Waveforms .................................................... 27
AutoStore or Power-Up RECALL .................................. 28
Software Controlled STORE/RECALL Cycles .............. 29
Switching Waveforms .................................................... 29
Hardware STORE Cycle ................................................. 30
Switching Waveforms .................................................... 30
Ordering Information ...................................................... 31
Ordering Code Definitions ......................................... 31
Package Diagram ............................................................ 32
Acronyms ........................................................................ 33
Document Conventions ................................................. 33
Units of Measure ....................................................... 33
Document History Page ................................................. 34
Sales, Solutions, and Legal Information ...................... 36
Worldwide Sales and Design Support ....................... 36
Products .................................................................... 36
PSoC Solutions ......................................................... 36
Document Number: 001-44109 Rev. *M
Page 2 of 36
CY14B101P
Pinout
Figure 1. 16-pin SOIC pinout
NC
VRTCbat
Xout
Xin
WP
HOLD
V
RTCcap
V
SS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Top View
not to scale
12
11
10
9
SI
SCK
CS
HSB
16
15
14
13
V
CC
INT
V
CAP
SO
Pin Definitions
Pin Name
CS
SCK
SI
SO
WP
HOLD
HSB
I/O Type
Input
Input
Input
Output
Input
Input
Description
Chip select. Activates the device when pulled LOW. Driving this pin HIGH puts the device in low power
standby mode.
Serial clock. Runs at speeds up to maximum of f
SCK
. Serial input is latched at the rising edge of this
clock. Serial output is driven at the falling edge of the clock.
Serial input. Pin for input of all SPI instructions and data.
Serial output. Pin for output of data through SPI.
Write protect. Implements hardware write protection in SPI.
HOLD pin. Suspends serial operation.
Input/Output Hardware STORE busy:
Output: Indicates busy status of nvSRAM when LOW. After each Hardware and Software STORE
operation, HSB is driven HIGH for a short time (t
HHHD
) with standard output high current and then a
weak internal pull-up resistor keeps this pin HIGH (External pull-up resistor connection optional).
Input: Hardware STORE implemented by pulling this pin LOW externally.
Power supply AutoStore Capacitor. Supplies power to the nvSRAM during power loss to STORE data from the SRAM
to nonvolatile elements. If AutoStore is not needed, this pin must be left as No connect. It must never be
connected to ground.
V
CAP
V
RTCcap[1]
Power supply Capacitor backup for RTC. Left unconnected if V
RTCbat
is used.
V
RTCbat[1]
Power supply Battery backup for RTC. Left unconnected if V
RTCcap
is used.
Xout
[1]
Xin
[1]
INT
[1]
Output
Input
Output
No connect
Crystal output connection. Drives crystal on start up.
Crystal input connection. For 32.768 kHz crystal.
Interrupt output. Programmable to respond to the clock alarm, the watchdog timer, and the power
monitor. Also programmable to either active HIGH (push or pull) or LOW (open drain).
No connect. This pin is not connected to the die.
NC
V
SS
V
CC
Power supply Ground
Power supply Power Supply (2.7 V–3.6 V)
Note
1. Left unconnected if RTC feature is not used
Document Number: 001-44109 Rev. *M
Page 3 of 36
CY14B101P
Device Operation
CY14B101P is a 1-Mbit nvSRAM memory with integrated RTC
and SPI interface. All the reads and writes to nvSRAM happen
to the SRAM, which gives nvSRAM the unique capability to
handle infinite writes to the memory. The data in SRAM is
secured by a STORE sequence that transfers the data in parallel
to the nonvolatile QuantumTrap cells. A small capacitor (V
CAP
)
is used to AutoStore the SRAM data in nonvolatile cells when
power goes down providing power-down data security. The
QuantumTrap nonvolatile elements built in the reliable SONOS
technology make nvSRAM the ideal choice for secure data
storage.
In CY14B101P, the 1-Mbit memory array is organized as 128 K
words × 8 bits. The memory is accessed through a standard SPI
interface that enables very high clock speeds up to 40 MHz with
zero cycle delay read and write cycles. CY14B101P supports
SPI modes 0 and 3 (CPOL, CPHA = 0, 0 and 1, 1) and operates
as SPI slave. The device is enabled using the Chip Select (CS)
pin and accessed through Serial Input (SI), Serial Output (SO),
and Serial Clock (SCK) pins.
CY14B101P provides the feature for hardware and software
write protection through the WP pin and WRDI instruction.
CY14B101P also provides mechanisms for block write
protection (1/4, 1/2, or full array) using BP0 and BP1 pins in the
Status Register. Further, the HOLD pin is used to suspend any
serial communication without resetting the serial sequence.
CY14B101P uses the standard SPI opcodes for memory access.
In addition to the general SPI instructions for read and write,
CY14B101P provides four special instructions that enable
access to four nvSRAM specific functions: STORE, RECALL,
AutoStore Disable (ASDISB), and AutoStore Enable (ASENB).
The major benefit of serial (SPI) nvSRAM over serial EEPROMs
is that all reads and writes to nvSRAM are performed at the
speed of SPI bus with zero cycle delay. Therefore, no wait time
is required after any of the memory accesses. The STORE and
RECALL operations need finite time to complete and all memory
accesses are inhibited during this time. While a STORE or
RECALL operation is in progress, the busy status of the device
is indicated by the Hardware STORE Busy (HSB) pin and also
reflected on the RDY bit of the Status Register.
SRAM Read
A read cycle in CY14B101P is performed at the SPI bus speed
and the data is read out with zero cycle delay after the READ
instruction is executed. The READ instruction is issued through
the SI pin of the nvSRAM and consists of the READ opcode and
3 bytes of address. The data is read out on the SO pin.
CY14B101P enables burst mode reads to be performed through
SPI. This enables reads on consecutive addresses without
issuing a new READ instruction. When the last address in
memory is reached in burst mode read, the address rolls over to
0x0000 and the device continues to read.
The SPI read cycle sequence is defined in the memory access
section of SPI protocol description.
STORE Operation
STORE operation transfers the data from the SRAM to the
nonvolatile QuantumTrap cells. The CY14B101P STOREs data
to the nonvolatile cells using one of the three STORE operations:
AutoStore, activated on device power-down; Software STORE,
activated by a STORE instruction; and Hardware STORE,
activated by the HSB. During the STORE cycle, an erase of the
previous nonvolatile data is first performed, followed by a
program of the nonvolatile elements. After a STORE cycle is
initiated, read/write to CY14B101P is inhibited until the cycle is
completed.
The HSB signal or the RDY bit in the Status Register can be
monitored by the system to detect if a STORE or Software
RECALL cycle is in progress. The busy status of nvSRAM is
indicated by HSB being pulled LOW or RDY bit being set to ‘1’.
To avoid unnecessary nonvolatile STOREs, AutoStore and
Hardware STORE operations are ignored unless at least one
write operation has taken place since the most recent STORE or
RECALL cycle. However, software initiated STORE cycles are
performed regardless of whether a write operation took place.
AutoStore Operation
The AutoStore operation is a unique feature of nvSRAM, which
automatically stores the SRAM data to QuantumTrap during
power-down. This STORE makes use of an external capacitor
(V
CAP
) and enables the device to safely STORE the data in the
nonvolatile memory when power goes down.
During normal operation, the device draws current from V
CC
to
charge the capacitor connected to the V
CAP
pin. When the
voltage on the V
CC
pin drops below V
SWITCH
during power-down,
the device inhibits all memory accesses to nvSRAM and
automatically performs a conditional STORE operation using the
charge from the V
CAP
capacitor. The AutoStore operation is not
initiated if no write cycle was performed since the last RECALL.
Note
If a capacitor is not connected to V
CAP
pin, AutoStore must
be disabled by issuing the AutoStore Disable instruction
specified in
AutoStore Disable (ASDISB) instruction
on page 15.
If AutoStore is enabled without a capacitor on V
CAP
pin, the
device attempts an AutoStore operation without sufficient charge
to complete the Store. This corrupt the data stored in nvSRAM
and Status Register. To resume normal functionality, the WRSR
instruction must be issued to update the nonvolatile bits BP0,
BP1 and WPEN in the Status Register.
SRAM Write
All writes to nvSRAM are carried out on the SRAM and do not
use up any endurance cycles of the nonvolatile memory. This
enables the user to perform infinite write operations. A write cycle
is performed through the WRITE instruction. The WRITE
instruction is issued through the SI pin of the nvSRAM and
consists of the WRITE opcode, 3 bytes of address, and 1 byte of
data. Write to nvSRAM is done at SPI bus speed with zero cycle
delay.
CY14B101P allows burst mode writes to be performed through
SPI. This enables write operations on consecutive addresses
without issuing a new WRITE instruction. When the last address
in memory is reached in burst mode, the address rolls over to
0x0000 and the device continues to write.
The SPI write cycle sequence is defined in the memory access
section of SPI protocol description.
Document Number: 001-44109 Rev. *M
Page 4 of 36
CY14B101P
Figure 2
shows the proper connection of the storage capacitor
(V
CAP
) for AutoStore operation. See
DC Electrical
Characteristics
on page 24 for the size of the V
CAP
.
Figure 2. AutoStore Mode
V
CC
Upon completion of the STORE operation, the nvSRAM memory
access is inhibited for t
LZHSB
time after HSB pin returns HIGH.
The HSB pin must be left unconnected if not used.
RECALL Operation
A RECALL operation transfers the data stored in the nonvolatile
QuantumTrap elements to the SRAM. In CY14B101P, a
RECALL may be initiated in two ways: Hardware RECALL,
initiated on power-up; and Software RECALL, initiated by a SPI
RECALL instruction.
Internally, RECALL is a two step procedure. First, the SRAM data
is cleared. Next, the nonvolatile information is transferred into the
SRAM cells. All memory accesses are inhibited while a RECALL
cycle is in progress. The RECALL operation does not alter the
data in the nonvolatile elements.
0.1 uF
10 kOhm
V
CC
CS
V
CAP
V
CAP
Hardware RECALL (Power-Up)
V
SS
During Power-up, when V
CC
crosses V
SWITCH
, an automatic
RECALL sequence is initiated, which transfers the content of
nonvolatile memory on to the SRAM.
A Power-up RECALL cycle takes t
FA
time to complete and the
memory access is disabled during this time. HSB pin is used to
detect the Ready status of the device.
Software STORE Operation
Software STORE allows the user to trigger a STORE operation
through a special SPI instruction. STORE operation is initiated
by executing STORE instruction irrespective of whether a write
has been performed since the last NV operation.
A STORE cycle takes t
STORE
time to complete, during which all
the memory accesses to nvSRAM are inhibited. The RDY bit of
the Status Register or the HSB pin may be polled to find the
Ready/Busy status of the nvSRAM. After the t
STORE
cycle time
is completed, the SRAM is activated again for read and write
operations.
Software RECALL
Software RECALL allows the user to initiate a RECALL operation
to restore the content of nonvolatile memory on to the SRAM. In
CY14B101P, this can be done by issuing a RECALL instruction
in SPI.
A Software RECALL takes t
RECALL
time to complete during
which all memory accesses to nvSRAM are inhibited. The
controller must provide sufficient delay for the RECALL operation
to complete before issuing any memory access instructions.
Disabling and Enabling AutoStore
If the application does not require the AutoStore feature, it can
be disabled in CY14B101P by using the ASDISB instruction. If
this is done, the nvSRAM does not perform a STORE operation
at power-down.
AutoStore can be re-enabled by using the ASENB instruction.
However, these operations are not nonvolatile and if the user
needs this setting to survive the power cycle, a STORE operation
must be performed following AutoStore Disable or Enable
operation.
Note
CY14B101P comes from the factory with AutoStore
Enabled and with 0x00 written in all cells.
Note
If AutoStore is disabled and V
CAP
is not required, then the
V
CAP
pin must be left open. The V
CAP
pin must never be
connected to ground. The Power-Up RECALL operation cannot
be disabled in any case.
Hardware STORE and HSB Pin Operation
The HSB pin in CY14B101P is used to control and acknowledge
STORE operations. If no STORE/RECALL is in progress, this pin
can be used to request a Hardware STORE cycle. When the
HSB pin is driven LOW, the CY14B101P conditionally initiates a
STORE operation after t
DELAY
duration. A STORE cycle starts
only if a write to the SRAM was performed since the last STORE
or RECALL cycle. Reads and writes to the memory are inhibited
for t
STORE
duration or as long as HSB pin is LOW. The HSB pin
also acts as an open drain driver (internal 100 k weak pull-up
resistor) that is internally driven LOW to indicate a busy condition
when the STORE (initiated by any means) is in progress.
Note
After each Hardware and Software STORE operation HSB
is driven HIGH for a short time (t
HHHD
) with standard output high
current and then remains HIGH by an internal 100 k pull-up
resistor.
Note
For successful last data byte STORE, a hardware store
should be initiated atleast one clock cycle after the last data bit
D0 is received.
Document Number: 001-44109 Rev. *M
Page 5 of 36
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