GlobalOptoisolator™
6-Pin DIP Random-Phase
Optoisolators Triac Drivers
(600 Volts Peak)
The MOC3051 Series consists of a GaAs infrared LED optically coupled to a
non–Zero–crossing silicon bilateral AC switch (triac). The MOC3051 Series
isolates low voltage logic from 115 and 240 Vac lines to provide random phase
control of high current triacs or thyristors. The MOC3051 Series features greatly
enhanced static dv/dt capability to ensure stable switching performance of
inductive loads.
•
To order devices that are tested and marked per VDE 0884 requirements, the
suffix ”V” must be included at end of part number. VDE 0884 is a test option.
Recommended for 115/240 Vac(rms) Applications:
•
Solenoid/Valve Controls
•
Lamp Ballasts
•
Static AC Power Switch
•
Interfacing Microprocessors to 115 and 240 Vac
Peripherals
MAXIMUM RATINGS
(TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted)
Rating
INFRARED EMITTING DIODE
Reverse Voltage
Forward Current — Continuous
Total Power Dissipation @ TA = 25°C
Negligible Power in Triac Driver
Derate above 25°C
OUTPUT DRIVER
Off–State Output Terminal Voltage
Peak Repetitive Surge Current
(PW = 100
µs,
120 pps)
Total Power Dissipation @ TA = 25°C
Derate above 25°C
TOTAL DEVICE
Isolation Surge Voltage (1)
(Peak ac Voltage, 60 Hz, 1 Second Duration)
Total Power Dissipation @ TA = 25°C
Derate above 25°C
Junction Temperature Range
Ambient Operating Temperature Range
Storage Temperature Range
Soldering Temperature (10 s)
VISO
PD
TJ
TA
Tstg
7500
330
4.4
– 40 to +100
– 40 to +85
– 40 to +150
Vac(pk)
mW
mW/°C
°C
°C
°C
°C
VDRM
ITSM
PD
600
1
300
4
Volts
A
mW
mW/°C
VR
IF
PD
3
60
100
1.33
Volts
mA
mW
mW/°C
Symbol
Value
Unit
MOC3051
MOC3052
6
1
STANDARD THRU HOLE
•
•
•
•
Solid State Relays
Incandescent Lamp Dimmers
Temperature Controls
Motor Controls
2
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5
4
COUPLER SCHEMATIC
1
6
ANODE
CATHODE
NC
MAIN TERMINAL
SUBSTRATE
DO NOT CONNECT
6. MAIN TERMINAL
TL
260
1. Isolation surge voltage, VISO, is an internal device dielectric breakdown rating.
1.
For this test, Pins 1 and 2 are common, and Pins 4, 5 and 6 are common.
Motorola Optoelectronics Device Data
1
MOC3051, MOC3052
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted)
Characteristic
INPUT LED
Reverse Leakage Current
(VR = 3 V)
Forward Voltage
(IF = 10 mA)
OUTPUT DETECTOR
(IF = 0 unless otherwise noted)
Peak Blocking Current, Either Direction
(Rated VDRM, Note 1) @ IFT per device
Peak On–State Voltage, Either Direction
(ITM = 100 mA Peak)
Critical Rate of Rise of Off–State Voltage @ 400 V
(Refer to test circuit, Figure 10)
COUPLED
LED Trigger Current, Either Direction, Current Required to Latch Output
(Main Terminal Voltage = 3 V, Note 2)
MOC3051
MOC3052
Holding Current, Either Direction
IFT
—
—
IH
—
—
—
280
15
10
—
µA
mA
IDRM
VTM
dv/dt
static
—
—
1000
10
1.7
—
100
2.5
—
nA
Volts
V/µs
IR
VF
—
—
0.05
1.15
100
1.5
µA
Volts
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
1. Test voltage must be applied within dv/dt rating.
2. All devices are guaranteed to trigger at an IF value less than or equal to max IFT. Therefore, recommended operating IF lies between max
2.
15 mA for MOC3051, 10 mA for 3052 and absolute max IF (60 mA).
TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C
2
VF, FORWARD VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
ITM, ON–STATE CURRENT (mA)
1000
800
1.8
PULSE ONLY
PULSE OR DC
600
400
200
0
– 200
– 400
– 600
– 800
85°C
1
10
100
IF, LED FORWARD CURRENT (mA)
1000
–1000
–6
–4
–2
0
2
VTM, ON–STATE VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
4
6
1.6
1.4
TA = – 40°C
25°C
1
1.2
Figure 1. LED Forward Voltage versus
Forward Current
Figure 2. On–State Characteristics
MOC3051, MOC3052
TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C
1.6
IFT, LED TRIGGER CURRENT (mA)
NORMALIZED TO
TA = 25°C
1.4
IFT versus Temperature (normalized)
This graph shows the increase of the trigger current when
the device is expected to operate at an ambient temperature
below 25°C. Multiply the normalized IFT shown on this graph
with the data sheet guaranteed IFT.
Example:
TA = – 40°C, IFT = 10 mA
IFT @ – 40°C = 10 mA x 1.4 = 14 mA
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
– 40 – 30 – 20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
80
Figure 3. Trigger Current versus Temperature
IFT, NORMALIZED LED TRIGGER CURRENT
25
NORMALIZED TO:
PWin
≥
100
µs
Phase Control Considerations
LED Trigger Current versus PW (normalized)
Random Phase Triac drivers are designed to be phase
controllable. They may be triggered at any phase angle with-
in the AC sine wave. Phase control may be accomplished by
an AC line zero cross detector and a variable pulse delay
generator which is synchronized to the zero cross detector.
The same task can be accomplished by a microprocessor
which is synchronized to the AC zero crossing. The phase
controlled trigger current may be a very short pulse which
saves energy delivered to the input LED. LED trigger pulse
currents shorter than 100
µs
must have an increased ampli-
tude as shown on Figure 4. This graph shows the dependen-
cy of the trigger current IFT versus the pulse width t (PW).
The reason for the IFT dependency on the pulse width can be
seen on the chart delay t(d) versus the LED trigger current.
IFT in the graph IFT versus (PW) is normalized in respect to
the minimum specified IFT for static condition, which is speci-
fied in the device characteristic. The normalized IFT has to be
multiplied with the devices guaranteed static trigger current.
Example:
Guaranteed IFT = 10 mA, Trigger pulse width PW = 3
µs
IFT (pulsed) = 10 mA x 5 = 50 mA
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
5
10
20
50
PWin, LED TRIGGER PULSE WIDTH (µs)
100
Figure 4. LED Current Required to Trigger
versus LED Pulse Width
AC SINE
0°
180°
LED PW
LED CURRENT
LED TURN OFF MIN 200
µs
Figure 5. Minimum Time for LED Turn–Off to Zero
Cross of AC Trailing Edge
Minimum LED Off Time in Phase Control Applications
In Phase control applications one intends to be able to
control each AC sine half wave from 0 to 180 degrees. Turn
on at zero degrees means full power and turn on at 180 de-
gree means zero power. This is not quite possible in reality
because triac driver and triac have a fixed turn on time when
activated at zero degrees. At a phase control angle close to
180 degrees the driver’s turn on pulse at the trailing edge of
the AC sine wave must be limited to end 200
µs
before AC
zero cross as shown in Figure 5. This assures that the triac
driver has time to switch off. Shorter times may cause loss of
control at the following half cycle.
MOC3051, MOC3052
TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C
1
0.9
I H, HOLDING CURRENT (mA)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
– 40 – 30 – 20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
80
1
– 40 – 30 – 20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
80
I DRM, LEAKAGE CURRENT (nA)
100
10
Figure 6. Holding Current, IH
versus Temperature
Figure 7. Leakage Current, IDRM
versus Temperature
IFT, LED TRIGGER CURRENT (NORMALIZED)
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
NORMALIZED TO:
IFT at 3 V
dv/dt (V/µs)
Figure 8. ED Trigger Current, IFT, versus dv/dt
IFT versus dv/dt
Triac drivers with good noise immunity (dv/dt static) have
internal noise rejection circuits which prevent false triggering
of the device in the event of fast raising line voltage tran-
sients. Inductive loads generate a commutating dv/dt that
may activate the triac drivers noise suppression circuits. This
prevents the device from turning on at its specified trigger
current. It will in this case go into the mode of “half waving” of
the load. Half waving of the load may destroy the power triac
and the load.
Figure 8 shows the dependency of the triac drivers IFT ver-
sus the reapplied voltage rise with a Vp of 400 V. This dv/dt
condition simulates a worst case commutating dv/dt ampli-
tude.
It can be seen that the IFT does not change until a commu-
tating dv/dt reaches 1000 V/µs. Practical loads generate a
commutating dv/dt of less than 50 V/µs. The data sheet spe-
cified IFT is therefore applicable for all practical inductive
loads and load factors.
MOC3051, MOC3052
TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C
100
10
t(d)
1
t(f)
t(delay), t(f) versus IFT
The triac driver’s turn on switching speed consists of a turn
on delay time t(d) and a fall time t(f). Figure 9 shows that the
delay time depends on the LED trigger current, while the ac-
tual trigger transition time t(f) stays constant with about one
micro second.
The delay time is important in very short pulsed operation
because it demands a higher trigger current at very short trig-
ger pulses. This dependency is shown in the graph IFT ver-
sus LED PW.
The turn on transition time t(f) combined with the power
triac’s turn on time is important to the power dissipation of
this device.
60
t(delay) AND t(fall) (
µ
s)
0.1
10
20
30
40
50
IFT, LED TRIGGER CURRENT (mA)
Switching Time Test Circuit
SCOPE
IFT
VTM
EXT. SYNC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
Vout
ISOL. TRANSF.
10 kΩ
AC
100
Ω
VTM
DUT
IFT
PHASE CTRL.
PW CTRL.
PERIOD CTRL.
Vo AMPL. CTRL.
ZERO CROSS
DETECTOR
115 VAC
Figure 9. Delay Time, t(d), and Fall Time, t(f),
versus LED Trigger Current
t(d)
t(f)
+400
Vdc
RTEST
R = 1 kΩ
1. The mercury wetted relay provides a high speed repeated
pulse to the D.U.T.
2. 100x scope probes are used, to allow high speeds and
X100
voltages.
SCOPE
3. The worst–case condition for static dv/dt is established by
PROBE
triggering the D.U.T. with a normal LED input current, then
removing the current. The variable RTEST allows the dv/dt to
be gradually increased until the D.U.T. continues to trigger in
response to the applied voltage pulse, even after the LED
current has been removed. The dv/dt is then decreased until
the D.U.T. stops triggering.
τ
RC is measured at this point and
Vmax = 400 V
recorded.
0.63 Vmax
τ
RC
252
τ
RC
PULSE
INPUT
MERCURY
WETTED
RELAY
CTEST
D.U.T.
APPLIED VOLTAGE
WAVEFORM
0 VOLTS
252 V
dv/dt =
τ
RC
=
Figure 10. Static dv/dt Test Circuit
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