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MAX2078
Octal-Channel Ultrasound Front-End
with CW Doppler Mixers
General Description
The MAX2078 octal-channel ultrasound front-end is a fully
integrated bipolar, high-density octal-channel ultrasound
receiver optimized for low cost, high-channel count, high-
performance portable and cart-based ultrasound systems.
The easy-to-use IC allows the user to achieve high-end
2D, PW, and CW Doppler (CWD) imaging capability using
substantially less space and power. The highly compact
imaging receiver lineup, including low-noise amplifier
(LNA), variable-gain amplifier (VGA), and anti-alias filter
(AAF), achieves an ultra-low 2.4dB noise figure at R
S
= R
IN
= 200Ω at a very low 64.8mW per channel power
dissipation. The full imaging receiver channel has been
optimized for second-harmonic imaging with -64dBFS
second-harmonic distortion performance with a 1V
P-P
5MHz output signal. The bipolar front-end has also been
optimized for excellent low-velocity PW and color-flow
Doppler sensitivity with an exceptional near-carrier SNR
of 140dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset from a 5MHz 1V
P-P
output
clutter signal.
A fully integrated high-performance, programmable CWD
beamformer is also included. Separate I/Q mixers for
each channel are available for optimal CWD sensitivity
in high-clutter environments, yielding an impressive near-
carrier SNR of 154dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset from a 1.25MHz
200mV
P-P
input clutter signal.
The MAX2078 octal-channel ultrasound front-end is avail-
able in a small 10mm x 10mm, 68-pin thin QFN package
with an exposed pad and is specified over a 0°C to +70°C
temperature range.
Features
●
8 Full Channels of LNA, VGA, AAF, and CWD Mixers
in a Small, 10mm x 10mm TQFN Package
●
Pin Compatible with MAX2077 with LNA, VGA, and
AAF in 10mm x 10mm TQFN Variant
●
Ultra-Low Full-Channel Noise Figure of 2.4dB at
R
IN
= R
S
= 200Ω
● Low Output-Referred Noise of 23nV/√Hz
at 5MHz,
20dB Gain, Yielding a Broadband SNR of 68dB** for
Excellent Second-Harmonic Imaging
●
High Near-Carrier SNR of 140dBc/Hz at 1kHz Offset
from a 5MHz, 1V
P-P
Output Signal, and 20dB of
Gain for Excellent Low-Velocity PW and Color-Flow
Doppler Sensitivity in a High-Clutter Environment
● Ultra-Low-Power 64.8mW per Full-Channel (LNA,
VGA, and AAF) Normal Imaging Mode (234mW per
Channel in CWD Mode)
● Selectable Active Input-Impedance Matching of 50Ω,
100Ω, 200Ω, and 1kΩ
●
Wide Input-Voltage Range of 330mV
P-P
in High LNA
Gain Mode and 550mV
P-P
in Low LNA Gain Mode
●
Integrated Selectable 3-Pole 9MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz,
and 18MHz Butterworth AAF
● Fast-Recovery, Low-Power Modes (< 2μs)
●
Fully Integrated, High Dynamic Range CWD
Beamformer with Near-Carrier SNR of 154dBc/Hz at
1kHz Offset from a 1.25MHz, 200mV
P-P
Input Clutter
Signal
**When coupled with the MAX1437B ADC.
Applications
●
Medical Ultrasound Imaging
●
Sonar
Ordering Information
appears at end of data sheet.
19-4570; Rev 3; 8/18
MAX2078
Octal-Channel Ultrasound Front-End
with CW Doppler Mixers
Typical Application Circuit
11V
V
CC2
IN1
C37
22nF
C38
10nF
IN1
66
R4
162Ω
C36
100nF
C35
100nF
R3
162Ω
CSB
V
CC1
R1
162Ω
DIN
V/C
NP
R2
162Ω
C34
100nF
CLK
V
CC2
OUT1+
C1
22nF
IN2
IN2
C3
22nF
IN3
C4
10nF
C5
22nF
IN4
INC2
C2
10nF
ZF3
IN3
INC3
ZF4
IN4
INC4
GND
AG
ZF5
IN5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
68
67
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
CS
56
55
54
53
OUT1+
52
V
CC2
V
CC1
V
CC2
INC1
CQ+
CLK
CQ-
ZF2
ZF1
DIN
C39
10nF
C33
4.7nF
V/C
CI+
NP
CI-
+
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
OUT1-
C32
4.7nF
OUT1-
OUT2+
C30
4.7nF
OUT2-
OUT3+
C28
4.7nF
OUT3-
OUT4+
C25
100nF
C26
4.7nF
OUT4-
V
CC1
C31
4.7nF
OUT2+
OUT2-
C29
4.7nF
OUT3+
OUT3-
C27
4.7nF
OUT4+
OUT4-
V
CC1
LO+
LO-
LO+
C6
1µF
C7
10nF
C8
22nF
IN5
MAX2078
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
C24
4.7nF
OUT5+
OUT5-
LO-
OUT5+ C23
4.7nF
OUT5-
OUT6+
C21
4.7nF
OUT6-
OUT7+
C19
4.7nF
OUT7-
OUT8+
C10
22nF
IN6
INC5
13
C9
10nF
ZF6
14
IN6
INC6
15
16
*EP
17
18
IN7
19
INC7
C13
10nF
20
ZF8
21
IN8
22
INC8
23
V
CC2
24
V
REF
25
V
CC1
26
VG+
27
VG-
28
GND
29
CLP
30
PD
31
GND
32
DOUT
33
V
CC2
34
OUT8-
C22
4.7nF
OUT6+
OUT6-
C20
4.7nF
OUT7+
OUT7-
C11
10nF
ZF7
35
C18
4.7nF
OUT8+
C12
22nF
IN7
IN8
*EP = EXPOSED PAD.
C14
22nF
C40
4.7nF
C15
100nF
REF
C16
100nF
VG+
VG-
DOUT
C17
100nF
OUT8-
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Maxim Integrated
│
2
MAX2078
Octal-Channel Ultrasound Front-End
with CW Doppler Mixers
Absolute Maximum Ratings
V
CC_
to GND........................................................-0.3V to +5.5V
V
CC2
- V
CC1
.................................................................... > -0.3V
CI_, CQ_ to GND ..................................................-0.3V to +13V
ZF_, IN_, AG to GND ............................. -0.3V to (V
CC_
+ 0.3V)
INC_ .............................................................................20mA DC
V
REF
to GND...........................................................-0.3V to +3V
IN_ to AG ..............................................................-0.6V
to +0.6V
OUT_, LO_, DIN, DOUT, VG_, NP,
CS,
CLK, PD,
CLP, V/C to GND ...................................-0.3V to V
CC1
+ 0.3V
CI_, CQ_, V
CC_
, V
REF
analog and digital control signals must
be applied in this order
Input Differential Voltage ...........................2.0V
P-P
differential
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
68-Pin TQFN (derated 40mW/°C above +70°C)
................4W
Operating Temperature Range (Note 1).................0°C to +70°C
Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................ -40°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................. +300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow) .......................................+260°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Package Information
PACKAGE TYPE: 64 TQFN
Package Code
Outline Number
Land Pattern Number
Junction to Ambient (θ
JA
)
Junction to Case (θ
JC
)
T6800+2
21-0142
90-0099
20°C/W
0.5°C/W
THERMAL RESISTANCE, FOUR-LAYER BOARD (Note 2, Note 3)
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to
www.maximintegrated.com/packages.
Note that a “+”,
“#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing
pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a fourlayer board. For
detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to
www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
Note 2:
Junction temperature T
J
= T
C
+ (θ
JC
x V
CC
x I
CC
). This formula can only be used if the component is soldered down to a
printed circuit board pad containing multiple ground vias to remove the heat. The junction temperature must not exceed 150°C.
Note 3:
Junction temperature T
J
= T
A
+ (θ
JA
x V
CC
x I
CC
), assuming there is no heat removal from the exposed pad. The junction
temperature must not exceed 150°C.
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Maxim Integrated
│
3
MAX2078
Octal-Channel Ultrasound Front-End
with CW Doppler Mixers
DC Electrical Characteristics
PARAMETER
3.3V Supply Voltage
4.75V/5V Supply Voltage
External Reference Voltage Range
CMOS Input High Voltage
CMOS Input Low Voltage
CMOS Input Leakage Current
DATA Output High Voltage
DATA Output Low Voltage
(Typical
Application Circuit,
V
REF
= 2.475V to 2.525V, V
CC1
= 3.13V to 3.47V, V
CC2
= 4.5V to 5.25V, T
A
= 0°C to +70°C, V
GND
= 0V,
CLP = 0, PD = 0, no RF signals applied. Typical values are at V
CC1
= 3.3V, V
CC2
= 4.75V, T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 4)
SYMBOL
V
CC1
V
CC2
V
IH
V
IL
I
IN
DOUT_HI
V
REF
(Note 5)
Applies to CMOS control inputs
Applies to CMOS control inputs
T
A
= +25°C, applies to CMOS control inputs;
0V to 3.47V
10MΩ load
V
CC1
0
CONDITIONS
MIN
3.13
4.5
2.475
2.5
0.8
10
TYP
3.3
4.75
MAX
3.47
5.25
2.525
UNITS
V
V
V
V
V
µA
V
V
DOUT_LO 10MΩ load
DC Electrical Characteristics—VGA Mode
(Typical
Application Circuit,
V
REF
= 2.475V to 2.525V, V
CC1
= 3.13V to 3.47V, V
CC2
= 4.5V to 5.25V, T
A
= 0°C to +70°C, V
GND
=
0V, NP = 0, V/C = 1, CLP = 0, PD = 0, no RF signals applied. Typical values are at V
CC1
= 3.3V, V
CC2
= 4.75V, T
A
= +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.) (Note 4)
PARAMETER
4.75V/5V Supply Standby Current
3V Supply Standby Current
4.75V/5V Power-Down Current
3V Power-Down Current
3V Supply Current per Channel
4.75V/5V Supply Current per Channel
DC Power per Channel
Differential Analog Control Voltage
Range
Common-Mode Voltage for Difference
Analog Control
Source/Sink Current for Gain Control
Pins
Reference Voltage Input
Reference Current
Output Common-Mode Level
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
3.9
1.7
0.4
0.3
11
6.0
64.8
±3
1.65
±5%
±1.6
2.475
All channels
9.7
1.73
±2.3
2.525
13
MAX
6
3
10
10
16
8.3
92.3
UNITS
mA
mA
µA
µA
mA
mA
mW
V
V
µA
V
µA
V
I_NP_5V_TOT NP = 1, all channels
I_NP_3V_TOT NP = 1, all channels
I_PD_5V_TOT PD = 1, all channels
I_PD_3V_TOT PD = V
CC1
, all channels
I_3V_NM
I_5V_NM
P_NM
VGAIN_RANG VG+ - VG-
VGAIN_COMM (VG+ + VG-)/2
I_ACONTROL Per pin
V
REF
V
CMO
I
REF
Total I divided by 8
Total I divided by 8, VG+ - VG- = -2V
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Maxim Integrated
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4
MAX2078
Octal-Channel Ultrasound Front-End
with CW Doppler Mixers
DC Electrical Characteristics—CW Mode
(Typical
Application Circuit,
V
REF
= 2.475V to 2.525V, V
CC1
= 3.13V to 3.47V, V
CC2
= 4.5V to 5.25V, T
A
= 0°C to +70°C, V
GND
= 0V,
NP = 0, PD = 0, CLP = 0, V/C = 0, no RF signals applied. CI_, CQ_ pulled up to 11V through four separate 0.1% 162Ω resistors. Typical
values are at V
CC1
= 3.3V, V
CC2
= 4.75V, T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 4)
PARAMETER
Reference Current
Mixer LVDS LO Input Common-Mode Voltage
LVDS LO Differential Input Voltage
LVDS LO Input Common-Mode Current
LVDS LO Differential Input Resistance
POWER-DOWN MODE
4.75V/5V Supply Current per Channel
3.3V Supply Current per Channel
LOW-POWER MODE
4.75V/5V Supply Current per Channel
3.3V Supply Current per Channel
11V Supply Current per Channel
NORMAL POWER MODE
4.75V/5V Supply Current per Channel
3.3V Supply Current per Channel
11V Supply Current per Channel
I_C_5V_N
I_C_3_3V_N
I_C_11V_N
31
0.4
11.3
1.87
34
0.95
13
2.2
mA
mA
mA
W
I_C_5V_L
I_C_3_3V_L
I_C_11V_L
CLP = 1
CLP = 1
CLP = 1
27
0.4
6.8
1.44
30
0.95
8.4
1.7
mA
mA
mA
W
I_C_5V_P
I_C_3_3V_P
PD = 1
PD = 1
0.6
0.1
10
10
µA
µA
SYMBOL
IREF
V_LVDS_CM
V_LVDS_DM
I_LVDS_CM
R_DM_LVDS
CONDITIONS
LO+ and LO-
Common-mode input voltage
= 1.25V (Note 6)
Current out of each pin,
V_LVDS_CM = 1.25V
(Note 7)
4
200
MIN
TYP
82.7
1.25 ±0.2
700
130
MAX
UNITS
µA
V
mVP-P
µA
kΩ
On-Chip Power Dissipation (All 8 Channels) PDIS_FP_TOT_L CLP = 1
On-Chip Power Dissipation (All 8 Channels) PDIS_FP_TOT_N (Note 8)
AC Electrical Characteristics
(Typical
Application Circuit,
V
REF
= 2.475V to 2.525V, V
CC1
= 3.13V to 3.47V, V
CC2
= 4.5V to 5.25V, T
A
= 0°C to +70°C, V
GND
= 0V,
NP = 0, PD = 0, D43/D42/D41/D40 = 1/0/1/0 (R
IN
= 200Ω, LNA gain = 18.5dB, D45/D44 = 1/1 (f
C
= 18MHz), f
RF
= f
LO
/16 = 5MHz,
capacitance to GND at each of the VGA differential outputs is 25pF, differential capacitance across VGA outputs is 15pF, R
L
= 1kΩ
differential, reference noise less than 10nV/√Hz from 1kHz to 20MHz, DOUT loaded with 10MΩ and 60pF. Typical values are at V
CC1
= 3.3V, V
CC2
= 4.75V, T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 4)
PARAMETER
Mode Select Response Time
(Note 9)
High Gain Maximum Input-
Voltage Range
CONDITIONS
V/C stepped from 0 to 1, DC stable within 10%
V/C stepped from 1 to 0, DC stable within 10%
High LNA gain D43/D42/D41/D40 = 1/0/1/0
MIN
TYP
1
1
0.33
0.6
MAX
UNITS
µs
V
P-P
differential
V
P-P
differential
Low Gain Maximum Input-Voltage
Low LNA gain D43/D42/D41/D40 = 0/0/0/1
Range
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5
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