®
HMP8154, HMP8156A
Data Sheet
November 4, 2005
FN4343.4
NTSC/PAL Encoders
The HMP8154 and HMP8156A NTSC and PAL encoders are
designed for use in systems requiring the generation of high-
quality NTSC and PAL video from digital image data.
YCbCr or RGB digital video data drive the P0-P23 inputs.
Overlay inputs are processed and the data is 2x upsampled.
The Y data is optionally lowpass filtered to 6MHz and drives
the Y analog output. Cb and Cr are each lowpass filtered to
1.3MHz, quadrature modulated, and summed. The result
drives the C analog output. The digital Y and C data are also
added together and drive the two composite analog outputs.
The YCbCr data may also be converted to RGB data to drive
the DACs, allowing support for analog component RGB and
the European SCART connector.
The DACs can drive doubly-terminated (37.5Ω) lines, and
run at a 2x oversampling rate to simplify the analog output
filter requirements. Any unused DACs may be powered down
to reduce power consumption.
Features
• (M) NTSC and (B, D, G, H, I, M, N, CN) PAL Operation
• ITU-R BT.601 and Square Pixel Operation
• Digital Input Formats
- 4:2:2 YCbCr
- 8-Bit or 16-Bit
- 4:4:4 RGB
- 16-Bit (5, 6, 5) or 24-Bit (8, 8, 8)
- Linear or Gamma-Corrected
- 8-Bit BT.656
• Overlay Mixing
- 7 Colors
- Internal, External, or Hard Mixing Control
• Analog Output Formats
- Y/C + Two Composite
- RGB + Composite (SCART)
• Flexible Video Timing Control
- Timing Master or Slave
- Programmable Input Sync Timing
- Selectable Polarity on Each Control Signal
- Programmable Blank Output Timing
- Field Output
• Closed Caption Encoding for NTSC and PAL
• 2x Upscaling of SIF Video
Ordering Information
PART
MARKING
HMP8154
CN
HMP8156
ACN
HMP8156
ACNZ
TEMP.
RANGE
(°C)
0 to 70
PKG.
DWG. #
PART NUMBER
HMP8154CN
PACKAGE
64 Ld PQFP Q64.14x14
HMP8156ACN
0 to 70
64 Ld PQFP Q64.14x14
• Three Line Vertical Flicker Filter
(HMP8154 only)
• Four 2x Oversampling, 10-Bit DACs with Power Down
• I
2
C Interface
• Verilog Models Available
•
Pb-Free Plus Anneal Available (RoHS Compliant)
HMP8156ACNZ
(See Note)
HMP8154EVAL1
HMP8156EVAL1
HMP8156EVAL2
0 to 70
64 Ld PQFP Q64.14x14
(Pb-free)
Daughter/Stand-Alone Card Evaluation Platform*
Frame Grabber Evaluation Platform*
*Described in the Applications Section
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free
material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100%
matte tin plate termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and
compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow
temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of
IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
Applications
• Multimedia PCs
• Video Conferencing
• Video Editing
• Related Products
- NTSC/PAL Encoders:
HMP8170-HMP8173
- HMP8190/91
- NTSC/PAL Decoders:
HMP8112A, HMP8115, HMP8116, HMP8130/31
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774
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Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 1998, 2002, 2005. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
Functional Block Diagram
P0 - P23
OVERLAY
PROCESSING
OPTIONAL
GAMMA
CORRECTION
Y/Cb/Cr
4:4:4
(2:2:2 SIF)
COLOR
SPACE
CONVERSION
2X
UPSCALING
(SIF MODE)
CLOSED
CAPTIONING
PROCESSING
INTERNAL
1.225V
REFERENCE
FLICKER
FILTER
(HMP8154
ONLY)
2
VREF
(OPTIONAL)
LP FILTER
Y
FS
ADJUST
4:2:2 TO
4:4:4 SAMPLE
CONVERSION
SA
SCL
∑
DAC
Y/G
HOST
INTERFACE
2X
UPSAMPLE
4:4:4
TO
8:8:8
LP FILTER
Cb/Cr
SDA
HMP8154, HMP8156A
RESET
∑
DAC
NTSC/
PAL 1
HSYNC
VSYNC
CHROMA
MODULATION
DAC
NTSC/
PAL 2/
R
BLANK
VIDEO
TIMING
CONTROL
CLK
DAC
C/B
CLK2
4343.4
November 4, 2005
FIELD
HMP8154, HMP8156A
Functional Operation
The HMP8154 and HMP8156A are fully integrated digital
encoders. Either accepts digital video input data and
generates four analog video output signals. The input data
format is selectable and includes YCbCr, RGB, and overlay
data. The outputs are configurable to be either two
composite video signals and Y/C (S-Video) or one
composite and component RGB video.
The HMP8154/HMP8156A accepts pixel data in one of
several formats and transforms it into 4:4:4 sampled
luminance and chrominance (YCbCr) data. If enabled, the
encoder also mixes overlay data with the input data. The
encoder then interpolates the YCbCr data to twice the pixel
rate and low pass filters it to match the bandwidth of the
video output format. If enabled, the encoder also adds
Closed Captioning information to the Y data. At the same
time, the encoder modulates the chrominance data with a
digitally synthesized subcarrier. Finally, the encoder outputs
luminance, chrominance, and their sum as analog signals
using 10-bit D/A converters.
The HMP8154/HMP8156A provides operating modes to
support all versions of the NTSC and PAL standards and
accepts full and SIF size input data with rectangular (ITU-R
BT.601) and square pixel aspect ratios. It operates from a
single clock at twice the pixel clock rate determined by the
operating mode.
The HMP8154/HMP8156A’s video timing control is flexible. It
may operate as the master generating the system’s video
timing control signals or it may accept external timing
controls. The polarity of the timing controls and the number
of active pixels and lines are programmable.
The HMP8154 provides optional vertical flicker reduction.
When enabled, the encoder passes the pixel data after
overlay processing through a three line flicker filter.
larger than the analog output limit. The composite signal will
be clipped but the S-video outputs (Y and C) will not be.
The color difference signals are time multiplexed into one
8-bit bus beginning with a Cb sample. The Y and CbCr
busses may be input in parallel (16-bit mode) or may be time
multiplexed and input as a single bus (8-bit mode). The
single bus may also contain SAV and EAV video timing
reference codes (BT.656 mode).
RGB Data
The HMP8154/HMP8156A accepts 4:4:4 sampled RGB
component video input data. The color signals may be
(8,8,8) for 24-bit mode or (5,6,5) for 16-bit mode. In 24-bit
mode, they are scaled 0 to 255, black to white. In 16-bit
mode, the encoder left shifts the input so that it has the same
scale as 24-bit input. The RGB data may be linear or gamma
corrected; if enabled, the encoder will gamma correct the
input data.
Overlay Data
The HMP8154/HMP8156A accepts 5 bits of pixel overlay
input data and combines it with the input pixel data. The data
specifies an overlay color and the fractions of the new and
original colors to be summed.
Blue Screen Generation
In blue screen mode, the HMP8154/HMP8156A ignores the
pixel input data and generates a solid, blue screen. The
overlay inputs may be used to place information over the
blue screen.
Input Processing
Color Space Conversion
For linear RGB input formats, the encoder applies gamma-
correction using a selectable gamma value of 1/2.2 or 1/2.8.
The gamma-corrected RGB data from either the correction
function in linear mode or the input port otherwise is
converted to 4:4:4 sampled YCbCr data.
For the YCbCr input formats, the encoder converts the 4:2:2
sampled data to 4:4:4 sampled data. The conversion is done
by 2x upsampling the Cb and Cr data. The upsampling
function uses linear interpolation.
Pixel Data Input Formats
The HMP8154 accepts pixel data via the P0-P23 input pins.
The definition of each pixel input pin is determined by the
input format selected in the input format register. The
definition for each mode is shown in Table 1.
YCbCr Pixel Data
The HMP8154/HMP8156A accepts 4:2:2 sampled YCbCr
input data. The luminance and color difference signals are
each 8 bits, scaled 0 to 255. The nominal range for Y is 16
(black) to 235 (white). Y values less than 16 are clamped to
16; values greater than 235 are processed normally. The
nominal range for Cb and Cr is 16 to 240 with 128
representing zero. Cb and Cr values outside their nominal
range are processed normally. Note that when converted to
the analog outputs, some combinations of YCbCr outside their
nominal ranges would generate a composite video signal
Overlay Processing
The HMP8154/HMP8156A accepts overlay data via the
OL0-OL2, M0, and M1 pins. Overlay mixing is done using
the 4:4:4 YCbCr pixel data from the color space converter.
The YCbCr data following overlay processing is used as
input data by the video processing functions.
The OL0-OL2 inputs select the color to be mixed with the
pixel data. Overlay colors 1-7 are standard color bar colors.
Overlay color 0 is special and disables mixing on a pixel-by-
pixel basis. The overlay color palette is shown in Table 2.
3
4343.4
November 4, 2005
HMP8154, HMP8156A
TABLE 1. PIXEL DATA INPUT FORMATS
PIN
NAME
P0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17
P18
P19
P20
P21
P22
P23
16-BIT
4:2:2
YCBCR
Cb0, Cr0
Cb1, Cr1
Cb2, Cr2
Cb3, Cr3
Cb4, Cr4
Cb5, Cr5
Cb6, Cr6
Cb7, Cr7
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
Y0, Cb0, Cr0
Y1, Cb1, Cr1
Y2, Cb2, Cr2
Y3, Cb3, Cr3
Y4, Cb4, Cr4
Y5, Cb5, Cr5
Y6, Cb6, Cr6
Y7, Cb7, Cr7
8-BIT
4:2:2
YCBCR
BLUE
SCREEN
16-BIT
RGB
(5, 6, 5)
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
G0
G1
G2
Ignored
G3
G4
G5
R0
R1
R2
R3
R4
24-BIT
RGB
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
G0
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
R0
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
BT.656
Ignored
YCbCr Data,
SAV and EAV
Sequences
OL0
OL1
OL2
M0
M1
-
-
-
TABLE 2. OVERLAY COLOR PALETTE
OL2-OL0
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
COLOR
TABLE 3. OVERLAY MIXING FACTORS
M1, M0
% OVERLAY
COLOR
0
12.5
87.5
100
% PIXEL
COLOR
100
87.5
12.5
0
Pixel Data
75% Blue
75% Red
75% Magenta
75% Green
75% Cyan
75% Yellow
100% White
00
01
10
11
In external mixing mode, there is no minimum number of
pixels an overlay color or pixel color must be selected. The
mixing level may also vary at any rate.
Note that overlay capability is not available when the 24-bit
RGB input format is used.
The encoder provides 4 methods for mixing the overlay data
with the pixel data: disabled, external mixing, internal mixing
and no mixing. The method used is selected in the input
format control register.
Overlay Mixing: Internal
Mixing of overlay and pixel data may also be controlled
internally, and the M1 and M0 input pins are ignored. A
transition from pixel data to overlays, from overlays to pixel data,
or between different overlay colors triggers the mixing function.
An overlay color must be selected for a minimum of three pixels
for proper overlay operation in this mode. Internal overlay
mixing should not be used with the BT.656 input format.
When going from pixel to overlay data, mixing starts one
pixel before the selection of the overlay color (OL2-OL1 !=
000). The first pixel output before the overlay uses 12.5%
overlay color plus 87.5% pixel color. The next output is
aligned with the selection of the overlay color and uses
87.5% overlay color plus 12.5% pixel color. Additional
outputs use 100% overlay color.
When going from overlay to pixel data, mixing starts one
pixel before the selection of the pixel color (OL2-OL0 = 000).
4343.4
November 4, 2005
Overlay Mixing: Disabled
When overlay mixing is disabled, the OL0-OL2, M0, and M1
inputs are ignored and the pixel data is not changed.
Overlay Mixing: External
When external overlay mixing is selected, mixing of overlay
data and pixel data is controlled by the M1 and M0 inputs.
M1 and M0 indicate the mixing level between the pixel inputs
and the overlay inputs, on a pixel-by-pixel basis. M1 and M0
are ignored if OL2-OL0 = 000. Otherwise, they select the
percentage of each color to sum as shown in Table 3.
4
HMP8154, HMP8156A
The last pixel output of the overlay uses 87.5% overlay color
plus 12.5% pixel color. The next output uses 12.5% overlay
color plus 87.5% pixel color. Additional outputs use 100%
pixel color.
When going from one overlay color to another, mixing
starts one pixel before the selection of the new overlay
color, and uses 12.5% new overlay color plus 87.5% old
overlay color. The next output is aligned with the selection
of the new overlay color and uses 87.5% new overlay color
plus 12.5% old overlay color. Additional outputs use 100%
new overlay color.
Flicker Filter Processing
Following overlay processing, vertical flicker filtering may
optionally be applied to the pixel data by the HMP8154. The
HMP8156A does not provide flicker filter capability. In flicker
filter mode, the HMP8154 accepts non-interlaced NTSC
(PAL) full resolution video with 525 (625) lines per frame at
59.94 (50)
frames
per second. It generates standard
interlaced video with 262.5 (312.5) lines per field at 59.94
(50)
fields
per second.
Each frame of non-interlaced video is vertically low pass
filtered and used to generate either an odd or even field of
video. This mode of operation reduces flickering caused by
image details that are less than two pixels high.
Since an entire frame of input is used to generate one field of
output, the input pixel data rate is doubled when the flicker
filter is enabled. The encoder must receive two lines of data
during each line time. For rectangular pixel NTSC and PAL
video, the input rate is 27.0MHz during the active portion of
each line instead of 13.5MHz. Because of the high input data
rate, 8-bit YCbCr and BT.656 input formats and 2X upscaling
of SIF input may not be used when the flicker filter is enabled.
The HMP8154 uses internal line stores and a 3 tap FIR filter
to reduce flickering. The filter coefficients are 0.25, 0.5, and
0.25. At the start and end of each field, the coefficients are
modified to compensate for the insufficient number of lines
available for processing.
When filtering is enabled, there is an additional two line time
delay through the encoder. After flicker filtering, the input is
4:4:4 YCbCr data ready for video processing. 2X upscaling
is not available when the flicker filter is enabled.
Overlay Mixing: No Mixing
With no overlay mixing selected, whenever the OL0-OL2
inputs are non-zero, the overlay color is displayed. The M0
and M1 inputs are ignored, and no internal mixing is done.
Essentially, this is a hard switch between overlay and pixel
data. In this mode, there is no minimum number of pixels an
overlay color or pixel color must be selected.
2X Upscaling Processing
Following overlay processing, 2X upscaling may optionally
be applied to the pixel data. In this mode, the
HMP8154/HMP8156A accepts NTSC (PAL) SIF resolution
video at 59.94 (50)
frames
per second and generates
standard interlaced video with 262.5 (312.5) lines per field at
59.94 (50)
fields
per second. This mode of operation allows
SIF video to be upscaled to full resolution and recorded on a
VCR or displayed on a TV. SIP upscaling may be used to
simplify PC to TV applications.
The input pixel data rate is reduced by half when 2X
upscaling is enabled. The color space conversion generates,
and the overlay mixer uses, 2:2:2 YCbCr data instead of
4:4:4 data. For rectangular pixel NTSC and PAL video, the
input rate is 6.75MHz during the active portion of each line
instead of 13.5MHz. Example SIF input resolutions and
resulting output resolutions are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4. TYPICAL RESOLUTIONS FOR 2X UPSCALING
INPUT ACTIVE
RESOLUTION
352 x 240
352 x 288
320 x 240
384 x 288
OUTPUT ACTIVE
RESOLUTION
704 x 480
704 x 576
640 x 480
768 x 576
Pixel Input and Control Signal Timing
The pixel input timing and the video control signal
input/output timing of the HMP8154/HMP8156A depend on
the part’s operating mode. The periods when the encoder
samples its inputs and generates its outputs are summarized
in Table 5.
Figures 1-12 show the timing of CLK, CLK2, BLANK, and the
pixel and overlay input data with respect to each other.
BLANK may be an input or an output; the figures show both.
When it is an input, BLANK must arrive coincident with the
pixel and overlay input data; all are sampled at the same time.
When BLANK is an output, its timing with respect to the pixel
and overlay inputs depends on the blank timing select bit in the
timing_I/O_1 register. If the bit is cleared, the
HMP8154/HMP8156A deasserts BLANK one CLK cycle before
it samples the pixel and overlay inputs. As shown in the timing
figures, the encoder samples the inputs 1-7 CLK2 periods after
negating BLANK, depending on the operating mode.
If the bit is set, the encoder deasserts BLANK during the
same CLK cycle in which it samples the input data. In effect,
the input data must arrive one CLK cycle earlier than when
the bit is cleared. This mode is not shown in the figures.
4343.4
November 4, 2005
The HMP8154/HMP8156A performs horizontal 2X upscaling
by linear interpolation. The vertical scaling is done by line
duplication. For typical line duplication, the same frame of
SIF pixel input data is used for both the odd and even fields.
Note that a frame of SIF size input has about the same
number of lines as a field of full size input.
After 2X upscaling, the input is 4:4:4 YCbCr data ready for
video processing. Flicker filtering is not available when 2X
upscaling is enabled.
5
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