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PING))) Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (#28015)
The Parallax PING)))™ ultrasonic distance sensor provides precise, non-contact distance measurements
from about 2 cm (0.8 inches) to 3 meters (3.3 yards). It is very easy to connect to microcontrollers such
as the BASIC Stamp
®
, Propeller chip, or Arduino, requiring only one I/O pin.
The PING))) sensor works by transmitting an ultrasonic (well above human hearing range) burst and
providing an output pulse that corresponds to the time required for the burst echo to return to the
sensor. By measuring the echo pulse width, the distance to target can easily be calculated.
Features
Range: 2 cm to 3 m (0.8 in to 3.3 yd)
Burst indicator LED shows sensor
activity
Bidirectional TTL pulse interface on a
single I/O pin can communicate with 5 V
TTL or 3.3 V CMOS microcontrollers
Input trigger: positive TTL pulse, 2 µs
min, 5 µs typ.
Echo pulse: positive TTL pulse, 115 µs
minimum to 18.5 ms maximum.
RoHS Compliant
Key Specifications
Supply voltage: +5 VDC
Supply current: 30 mA typ; 35 mA max
Communication: Positive TTL pulse
Package: 3-pin SIP, 0.1” spacing
(ground, power, signal)
Operating temperature: 0 – 70° C.
Size: 22 mm H x 46 mm W x 16 mm D
(0.84 in x 1.8 in x 0.6 in)
Weight: 9 g (0.32 oz)
Pin Definitions
GND
5V
SIG
Ground (Vss)
5 VDC (Vdd)
Signal (I/O pin)
The PING))) sensor has a male 3-pin header used to supply
ground, power (+5 VDC) and signal. The header may be plugged
into a directly into solderless breadboard, or into a standard 3-
wire extension cable (Parallax part #800-00120).
Copyright © Parallax Inc.
PING))) Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (#28015)
v2.0 2/4/2013 Page 1 of 9
Dimensions
Communication Protocol
The PING))) sensor detects objects by emitting a short ultrasonic burst and then "listening" for the echo.
Under control of a host microcontroller (trigger pulse), the sensor emits a short 40 kHz (ultrasonic) burst.
This burst travels through the air, hits an object and then bounces back to the sensor. The PING)))
sensor provides an output pulse to the host that will terminate when the echo is detected, hence the
width of this pulse corresponds to the distance to the target.
Host Device
PING)))
Sensor
Input Trigger Pulse
Echo Holdoff
Burst Frequency
Echo Return Pulse Minimum
Echo Return Pulse Maximum
Delay before next measurement
t
OUT
t
HOLDOFF
t
BURST
t
IN-MIN
t
IN-MAX
2 µs (min), 5 µs typical
750 µs
200 µs @ 40 kHz
115 µs
18.5 ms
200 µs
Copyright © Parallax Inc.
PING))) Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (#28015)
v2.0 2/4/2013 Page 2 of 9
Practical Considerations for Use
Object Positioning
The PING))) sensor cannot accurately measure the distance to an object that: a) is more than 3 meters
away, b) that has its reflective surface at a shallow angle so that sound will not be reflected back towards
the sensor, or c) is too small to reflect enough sound back to the sensor. In addition, if your PING)))
sensor is mounted low on your device, you may detect sound reflecting off of the floor.
a.
b.
c.
Target Object Material
In addition, objects that absorb sound or have a soft or irregular surface, such as a stuffed animal, may
not reflect enough sound to be detected accurately. The PING))) sensor will detect the surface of water,
however it is not rated for outdoor use or continual use in a wet environment. Condensation on its
transducers may affect performance and lifespan of the device.
Air Temperature
Temperature has an effect on the speed of sound in air that is measurable by the PING))) sensor. If the
temperature (°C) is known, the formula is:
C
air
½
331.5
0.6
T
C
m/s
The percent error over the sensor’s operating range of 0 to 70 ° C is significant, in the magnitude of 11
to 12 percent. The use of conversion constants to account for air temperature may be incorporated into
your program (as is the case in the example BS2 program given in the Example Programs section below).
Percent error and conversion constant calculations are introduced in Chapter 2 of
Smart Sensors and
Applications
, a Stamps in Class text available for download from the 28029 product page at
www.parallax.com.
Copyright © Parallax Inc.
PING))) Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (#28015)
v2.0 2/4/2013 Page 3 of 9
Test Data
The test data on the following pages is based on the PING))) sensor, tested in the Parallax lab, while
connected to a BASIC Stamp microcontroller module. The test surface was a linoleum floor, so the
sensor was elevated to minimize floor reflections in the data. All tests were conducted at room
temperature, indoors, in a protected environment. The target was always centered at the same elevation
as the PING))) sensor.
Test 1
Sensor Elevation:
Target:
40 in. (101.6 cm)
3.5 in. (8.9 cm) diameter cylinder, 4 ft. (121.9 cm) tall – vertical orientation
Copyright © Parallax Inc.
PING))) Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (#28015)
v2.0 2/4/2013 Page 4 of 9
Test 2
Sensor Elevation:
Target:
40 in. (101.6 cm)
12 in. x 12 in. (30.5 cm x 30.5 cm) cardboard, mounted on 1 in. (2.5 cm) pole
Target positioned parallel to backplane of sensor
Copyright © Parallax Inc.
PING))) Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (#28015)
v2.0 2/4/2013 Page 5 of 9
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