November 2019
Carbon Footprint
1.86g
MLCC(02A104M) 1piece
MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITORS
for AUTOMOTIVE
To ensure safe drive
bon
Premium Capacitors for Automotive Applications
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
7
THICKNESS CODE
Size
mm(inch)
Code
5
6
8
9
F
2012(0805)
Q
Y
3216(1206)
3225(1210)
H
K
J
V
Thickness*
0.50
0.50
0.80
0.90
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.60
1.60
2.50
2.50
Tolerance
± 0.05
± 0.20
± 0.10
± 0.10
± 0.10
± 0.15
± 0.20
± 0.20
± 0.30
± 0.20
± 0.30
1
SERIES CODE
1005(0402)
1608(0603)
CL = Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
2
SIZE CODE
Code
05
10
inch(mm)
0402(1005)
0603(1608)
Code
21
31
inch(mm)
0805(2012)
1206(3216)
Code
32
inch(mm)
1210(3225)
3
DIELECTRIC CODE
Class I
* In case of High Bending Strength, ESD protection capacitors, Please refer to individual specifications.
※ This code has only typical specifications. Please refer to individual specifications.
Symbol
C
Class II
EIA Code
C0G
Operation Temperature Range(℃)
-55 ~ +125
Temperature Coeffcient(ppm / ℃)
0 ± 30
8
DESIGN CODE
Code
Inner electrode
Ni
Ni
Ni
Ni
Termination
Cu
Cu/Metal Epoxy
Cu/Metal Epoxy
Cu/Metal Epoxy
Plating material
Ni_Sn 100%
Ni_Sn 100%
Ni_Sn 100%
Ni_Sn 100%
Design
Standard
Standard
Open Mode
Float Mode
Symbol
B
Y
Z
EIA Code
X7R
X7S
X7T
Operation Temperature Range(℃)
-55 ~ +125
-55 ~ +125
-55 ~ +125
Capacitance Change(ΔC %)
± 15
± 22
-33 ~ +22
1
V
W
X
4
CAPACITANCE CODE
Capacitance expressed in pF. 2 significant digits plus number of zeros.
example) 106=10×10
6
=10,000,000pF
For Values < 10pF, Letter R denotes decimal point
example) 1R5 =1.5pF
9
PRODUCT CODE OR SIZE CONTROL CODE
P = Automotive product meet AEC - Q200.
10
CONTROL CODE
N = Standard
J = High Bending Strength
E = ESD Protection
5
TOLERANCE CODE
Capacitance Tolerance
11
PACKAGING CODE
TC
C0G
C0G
C0G
X7R/X7S
X7R/X7S
Code
C
D
J
K
M
Capacitance Tolerance
± 0.25pF
± 0.5pF
± 5%
± 10%
± 20%
Capacitance series
E-12 series*
E-12 series*
E-12 series
E-6 series
E-6 series
Remark
under 5pF
5pF < Cp < 10pF
≥10pF
Code
C
D/L
Type
Cardbord Tape, 7"reel
Cardbord Tape, 13"reel (Quantity option)
Code
E
F
Type
Embossed Tape, 7"reel
Embossed Tape, 13"reel
※ If you want to know the code or quantity in detail, please see page 21
In order to move to the page directly. please click here ↑
* E-24 series is also available
※ This code has only typical specifications. Please refer to individual specifications.
Code
E-3
E-6
E-12
E-24
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.8
1.0
1.5
1.8
1.3
2.0
2.2
2.2
3.3
Capacitance Step
2.2
2.2
2.7
2.4
3.6
3.3
2.7
3.9
3.3
3.9
3.0
4.3
4.7
4.7
6.8
4.7
5.6
5.1
7.5
6.8
5.6
8.2
4.7
6.8
8.2
6.2
9.1
02
03
Premium Capacitors for Automotive Applications
CL 10 B 104 K
B
8
W
P
N
C
6
RATED VOLTAGE CODE
R = 4V
Q = 6.3V
P = 10V
O = 16V
A = 25V
B = 50V
C = 100V
General Automotive Capacitors
Size inch Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
Rated
Voltage
(Vdc)
10
16
Capacitance
nF
10
22
47
100
220
X7S
X7S
uF
470
X7S
1
X7S
2.2
4.7
10
22
47
0402
(1005)
0.50
25
50
100
6.3
10
X7S
16
25
50
100
X7T
Application
- Automotive Electronic Equipment
(Powertrain, Safety, Body & Chassis, Convenience, Infotainment)
0603
(1608)
Structure and Dimensions
BW
T
W
L
Plating(Sn)
Plating(Ni)
Termination(Cu)
0.80
C0G
Ceramic Body
Electrode(Ni)
6.3
10
X7R Open mode
Ceramic Body
Electrode(Ni)
X7S
X7S
X7S
X7R Standard
Ceramic Body
Electrode(Ni)
Plating(Sn)
Plating(Ni)
Termination(Metal - Epoxy)
Termination(Cu)
0805
(2012)
1.25
16
25
50
100
1.60
[WPN]
1.15
1206
(3216)
10
16
25
50
100
6.3
10
X7S
X7S
X7S
[VPN]
Size Code
05
10
21
31
32
EIA Code
0402
0603
0805
1206
1210
Dimension(mm)
L
1.00±0.05
1.60±0.10
2.00±0.10
2.00±0.15
3.20±0.20
3.20±0.30
W
0.50±0.05
0.80±0.10
1.25±0.10
1.25±0.15
1.60±0.20
2.50±0.20
T
0.50±0.05
0.80±0.10
1.25±0.10
1.25±0.15
1.60±0.20
2.00±0.20
2.50±0.20
BW
0.25±0.10
0.30±0.20
0.5+0.2/-0.3
0.5±0.3
0.6±0.3
1210
(3225)
1.60
2.50
16
25
50
100
Automotive Capacitance Table (C0G)
Size inch
(mm)
0402
(1005)
0603
(1608)
0805
(2012)
Thickness
(mm)
0.50
0.80
0.60
0.85
1.25
Rated
Voltage
(Vdc)
50
100
50
100
50
100
Capacitance
pF
100
220
470
1
2.2
4.7
10
nF
22
47
100
220
270
04
05
Premium Capacitors for Automotive Applications
Feature
- Automotive products are manufactured in state of the art facilities recommend for registration
to ISO 9001 & IATF 16949.
- Automotive products meet AEC-Q200 requirements.
- Automotive products are RoHS compliant.
- Automotive products meet JEDEC-020-D requirements.
- X7R dielectric components have BME and metal-epoxy terminations with a Ni/Sn plated
overcoat.
- C0G dielectric components contain BME and copper terminations with a Ni/Sn plated overcoat.
Size 0603/0805/1206 is suitable for flow and reflow soldering.
Size 0402 and smaller (≤0402) and 1210 and bigger (≥1210) is suitable for reflow soldering.
Automotive Capacitance Table (X7R/X7S/X7T)
General Automotive Capacitors
Product Line up (Automotive Capacitors_ C0G)
■
Size : 1.00×0.50mm (inch : 0402)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
Product Line up (Automotive Capacitors_ C0G)
■
Size : 1.60×0.80mm (inch : 0603)
Thickness
Max. (mm)
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
Rated
Voltage
(Vdc)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
TCC
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
Capacitance
1pF
1.2pF
1.2pF
1.5pF
1.5pF
1.8pF
2pF
2.2pF
3pF
3.3pF
3.9pF
4pF
4.7pF
5pF
5pF
5.6pF
6pF
6pF
6.8pF
6.8pF
8pF
8.2pF
8.2pF
9pF
9pF
10pF
10pF
12pF
15pF
18pF
20pF
22pF
27pF
20pF
33pF
39pF
47pF
56pF
68pF
68pF
82pF
100pF
120pF
150pF
150pF
220pF
2.2pF
4.7pF
10pF
12pF
15pF
18pF
22pF
27pF
33pF
39pF
47pF
56pF
68pF
82pF
100pF
Capacitance
Tolerance
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.1%
±0.25pF
±0.1%
±0.1%
±0.1%
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.1%
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±0.5pF
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±0.25pF
±0.1%
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±2%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±2%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±1%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±1%
±5%
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
Part Number
CL05C010CB51PN □
CL05C1R2CB51PN □
CL05C1R2BB51PN □
CL05C1R5CB51PN □
CL05C1R5BB51PN □
CL05C1R8BB51PN □
CL05C020BB51PN □
CL05C2R2CB51PN □
CL05C030CB51PN □
CL05C3R3BB51PN □
CL05C3R9CB51PN □
CL05C040CB51PN □
CL05C4R7CB51PN □
CL05C050CB51PN □
CL05C050DB51PN □
CL05C5R6CB51PN □
CL05C060CB51PN □
CL05C060DB51PN □
CL05C6R8DB51PN □
CL05C6R8CB51PN □
CL05C080DB51PN □
CL05C8R2CB51PN □
CL05C8R2BB51PN □
CL05C090CB51PN □
CL05C090DB51PN □
CL05C100GB51PN □
CL05C100JB51PN □
CL05C120JB51PN □
CL05C150JB51PN □
CL05C180JB51PN □
CL05C200GB51PN □
CL05C220JB51PN □
CL05C270JB51PN □
CL05C200JB51PN □
CL05C330JB51PN □
CL05C390JB51PN □
CL05C470JB51PN □
CL05C560JB51PN □
CL05C680JB51PN □
CL05C680FB51PN □
CL05C820JB51PN □
CL05C101JB51PN □
CL05C121JB51PN □
CL05C151JB51PN □
CL05C151FB51PN □
CL05C221JB51PN □
CL05C2R2CC51PN □
CL05C4R7CC51PN □
CL05C100JC51PN □
CL05C120JC51PN □
CL05C150JC51PN □
CL05C180JC51PN □
CL05C220JC51PN □
CL05C270JC51PN □
CL05C330JC51PN □
CL05C390JC51PN □
CL05C470JC51PN □
CL05C560JC51PN □
CL05C680JC51PN □
CL05C820JC51PN □
CL05C101JC51PN □
Remark
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
Thickness
Max. (mm)
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
Rated
Voltage
(Vdc)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
TCC
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
Capacitance
1pF
1.2pF
1.2pF
1.5pF
1.8pF
1.8pF
2pF
2.2pF
2.7pF
3pF
3.3pF
4pF
4pF
4.7pF
5pF
5.6pF
5.6pF
6pF
6pF
6.8pF
7pF
8pF
8.2pF
9pF
10pF
10pF
10pF
12pF
15pF
18pF
20pF
22pF
27pF
33pF
39pF
39pF
47pF
47pF
56pF
75pF
82pF
91pF
100pF
100pF
120pF
150pF
180pF
220pF
270pF
300pF
330pF
390pF
470pF
560pF
680pF
68pF
820pF
1nF
5.6pF
10pF
12pF
Capacitance
Tolerance
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.1%
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.1%
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±0.5pF
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±0.25pF
±0.5pF
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±1%
±5%
±1%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±1%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±0.25pF
±5%
±5%
Part Number
CL10C010CB81PN □
CL10C1R2CB81PN □
CL10C1R2BB81PN □
CL10C1R5CB81PN □
CL10C1R8CB81PN □
CL10C1R8BB81PN □
CL10C020CB81PN □
CL10C2R2CB81PN □
CL10C2R7CB81PN □
CL10C030CB81PN □
CL10C3R3CB81PN □
CL10C040CB81PN □
CL10C040DB81PN □
CL10C4R7CB81PN □
CL10C050CB81PN □
CL10C5R6CB81PN □
CL10C5R6DB81PN □
CL10C060CB81PN □
CL10C060DB81PN □
CL10C6R8CB81PN □
CL10C070DB81PN □
CL10C080DB81PN □
CL10C8R2CB81PN □
CL10C090DB81PN □
CL10C100CB81PN □
CL10C100DB81PN □
CL10C100JB81PN □
CL10C120JB81PN □
CL10C150JB81PN □
CL10C180JB81PN □
CL10C200JB81PN □
CL10C220JB81PN □
CL10C270JB81PN □
CL10C330JB81PN □
CL10C390FB81PN □
CL10C390JB81PN □
CL10C470FB81PN □
CL10C470JB81PN □
CL10C560JB81PN □
CL10C750JB81PN □
CL10C820JB81PN □
CL10C910JB81PN □
CL10C101FB81PN □
CL10C101JB81PN □
CL10C121JB81PN □
CL10C151JB81PN □
CL10C181JB81PN □
CL10C221JB81PN □
CL10C271JB81PN □
CL10C301JB81PN □
CL10C331JB81PN □
CL10C391JB81PN □
CL10C471JB81PN □
CL10C561JB81PN □
CL10C681JB81PN □
CL10C680JB81PN □
CL10C821JB81PN □
CL10C102JB81PN □
CL10C5R6CC81PN □
CL10C100JC81PN □
CL10C120JC81PN □
Remark
06
07
Premium Capacitors for Automotive Applications
General Automotive Capacitors
Product Line up (Automotive Capacitors_ C0G)
■
Size : 1.60×0.80mm (inch : 0603)
No.
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
Product Line up (Automotive Capacitors_ X7R/X7S/X7T)
■
Size : 1.00×0.50mm (inch : 0402)
Thickness
Max. (mm)
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
Rated
Voltage
(Vdc)
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
TCC
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
Capacitance
15pF
18pF
20pF
27pF
39pF
47pF
50pF
56pF
82pF
100pF
120pF
150pF
180pF
220pF
Capacitance
Tolerance
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
Part Number
CL10C150JC81PN □
CL10C180JC81PN □
CL10C200JC81PN □
CL10C270JC81PN □
CL10C390JC81PN □
CL10C470JC81PN □
CL10C500JC81PN □
CL10C560JC81PN □
CL10C820JC81PN □
CL10C101JC81PN □
CL10C121JC81PN □
CL10C151JC81PN □
CL10C181JC81PN □
CL10C221JC81PN □
Remark
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Thickness
Max. (mm)
0.55
0.55
0.70
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.70
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
Rated
Voltage
(Vdc)
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
TCC
X7S
X7S
X7S
X7S
X7R
X7R
X7S
X7R
X7R
X7S
X7S
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7S
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
X7R
Capacitance
220nF
470nF
1uF
2.2uF
33nF
100nF
220nF
220nF
220nF
470nF
1uF
1nF
1.5nF
2.2nF
3.3nF
4.7nF
6.8nF
10nF
22nF
33nF
47nF
68nF
82nF
100nF
220nF
1nF
1.5nF
2.2nF
3.3nF
4.7nF
6.8nF
10nF
22nF
33nF
47nF
330pF
470pF
560pF
680pF
1nF
1.2nF
1.5nF
1.8nF
2.2nF
2.7nF
3.3nF
3.3nF
4.7nF
5.6nF
6.8nF
6.8nF
8.2nF
10nF
15nF
22nF
47nF
2.2nF
1nF
Capacitance
Tolerance
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±20%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±5%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
Part Number
CL05Y224KQ5VPN □
CL05Y474KQ5VPN □
CL05Y105KQ6VPN □
CL05Y225KQ5VPN □
CL05B333KP5VPN □
CL05B104KP5VPN □
CL05Y224KP5VPN □
CL05B224KP5VPN □
CL05B224MP54PN □
CL05Y474KP5VPN □
CL05Y105KP6VPN □
CL05B102KO5VPN □
CL05B152KO5VPN □
CL05B222KO5VPN □
CL05B332KO5VPN □
CL05B472KO5VPN □
CL05B682KO5VPN □
CL05B103KO5VPN □
CL05B223KO5VPN □
CL05B333KO54PN □
CL05B473KO5VPN □
CL05B683KO5VPN □
CL05B823KO5VPN □
CL05B104KO5VPN □
CL05Y224KO5VPN □
CL05B102KA5VPN □
CL05B152KA5VPN □
CL05B222KA5VPN □
CL05B332KA5VPN □
CL05B472KA5VPN □
CL05B682KA5VPN □
CL05B103KA5VPN □
CL05B223KA5VPN □
CL05B333KA5VPN □
CL05B473KA5VPN □
CL05B331KB5VPN □
CL05B471KB5VPN □
CL05B561KB5VPN □
CL05B681KB5VPN □
CL05B102KB5VPN □
CL05B122KB5VPN □
CL05B152KB5VPN □
CL05B182KB5VPN □
CL05B222KB5VPN □
CL05B272KB5VPN □
CL05B332KB5VPN □
CL05B332JB5VPN □
CL05B472KB5VPN □
CL05B562KB5VPN □
CL05B682KB5VPN □
CL05B682KB54PN □
CL05B822KB5VPN □
CL05B103KB5VPN □
CL05B153KB5VPN □
CL05B223KB5VPN □
CL05B473KB5VPN □
CL05B222KC5VPN □
CL05B102KC5VPN □
Remark
■
Size : 2.00×1.25mm (inch : 0805)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Thickness
Max. (mm)
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
Rated
Voltage
(Vdc)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
TCC
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
COG
Capacitance
1nF
1.8nF
2.2nF
3.3nF
4.7nF
6.8nF
8.2nF
10nF
1nF
Capacitance
Tolerance
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
±5%
Part Number
CL21C102JBF1PN □
CL21C182JBF1PN □
CL21C222JBF1PN □
CL21C332JBF1PN □
CL21C472JBF1PN □
CL21C682JBF1PN □
CL21C822JBF1PN □
CL21C103JBF1PN □
CL21C102JCF1PN □
Remark
08
09
Premium Capacitors for Automotive Applications
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