The AMS1501 series of adjustable and fixed low dropout voltage regulators are designed to provide 1.5A output current to
The
power the new generation of microprocessors. The dropout voltage of the device is 100mV at light loads and rising to 500mV
at maximum output current. A second low current input voltage 1V or greater then the output voltage is required to achieve
this dropout. The AMS1501 can also be used as a single supply device.
New features have been added to the AMS1501: a remote Sense pin is brought out virtually eliminating output voltage
variations due to load changes. The typical load regulation, measured at the Sense pin, for a load current step of 100mA to
1.5A is less than 1mV.
The AMS1501 series has fast transient response. The Adjust pin is brought out on fixed devices. To further improve the
transient response the addition of a small capacitor on the Adjust pin is recommended.
The AMS1501 series are ideal for generating power supplies of 2V to 3V where both 5V and 3.3V supplies are available.
The AMS1501 devices are offered in in 5 lead TO-220, 5L TO-263 (plastic DD) and 5L TO-252 (DPAK) packages.
ORDERING INFORMATION:
OPERATING JUNCTION
5 LEAD TO-263 5 LEAD TO-220 5 LEAD TO-252
TEMPERATURE RANGE
AMS1501CM
AMS1501CT
AMS1501CD
0 to 125° C
AMS1501CM-1.5 AMS1501CT-1.5 AMS1501CD-1.5
0 to 125° C
AMS1501CM-2.5 AMS1501CT-2.5 AMS1501CD-2.5
0 to 125° C
AMS1501CM-2.85 AMS1501CT-2.85 AMS1501CD-2.85
0 to 125° C
AMS1501CM-3.0 AMS1501CT-3.0 AMS1501CD-3.0
0 to 125° C
AMS1501CM-3.3 AMS1501CT-3.3 AMS1501CD-3.3
0 to 125° C
AMS1501CM-3.5 AMS1501CT-3.5 AMS1501CD-3.5
0 to 125° C
AMS1501CM-5.0 AMS1501CT-5.0 AMS1501CD-5.0
0 to 125° C
PACKAGE TYPE
PIN CONNECTIONS
5 LEAD TO-220
5
4
3
2
1
V
POWER
V
CONTROL
OUTPUT
ADJUST/GND
SENSE
FRONT VIEW
5 LEAD TO-252
5
4
3
2
1
Vpower
Vcontrol
OUTPUT
ADJUST/GND
SENSE
FRONT VIEW
5 LEAD TO-263
5
4
3
2
1
Vpower
Vcontrol
OUTPUT
ADJUST/GND
SENSE
FRONT VIEW
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc.
www.advanced-monolithic.com
Phone (925) 443-0722
Fax (925) 443-0723
AMS1501
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Note 1)
V
POWER
Input Voltage
7V
V
CONTROL
Input Voltage
13V
Operating Junction Temperature Range
Control Section
0°C to 125°C
Power Transistor
0°C to 150°C
Storage temperature
- 65°C to +150°C
Soldering information
Lead Temperature (10 sec)
Thermal Resistance
TO-220 package
TO-252 package
TO-263 package
*Minimum pad size is 0.038in
2
ϕ
JA
= 50°C/W
ϕ
JA
= 92°C/W*
ϕ
JA
= 30°C/W**
** With package soldering to 0.5in
2
copper area over backside ground
plane or internal power plane
ϕ
JA
can vary from 20°C/W to
>40°C/W
depending on mounting technique.
300°C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics at I
LOAD
= 0 mA, and T
J
= +25°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Reference Voltage
Device
AMS1501
Conditions
V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
=2V, I
LOAD
= 10mA
V
CONTROL
= 2.7V to 12V, V
POWER
=3.3V to 5.5V,
I
LOAD
= 10mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= 4V, V
POWER
=2.V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 3V, V
POWER
=2.3V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= 5V, V
POWER
=3.3V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 4V, V
POWER
=3.3V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= 5.35V, V
POWER
=3.35V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 4.4V, V
POWER
=3.7V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= 5.5V, V
POWER
=3.5V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 4.5V, V
POWER
=3.8V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= 5.8V, V
POWER
=3.8V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 4.8V, V
POWER
=4.1V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= 6V, V
POWER
=4V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 5V, V
POWER
=4.3V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= 7.5V, V
POWER
=5.5V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 6.5V, V
POWER
=5.8V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 1.5A
I
LOAD
= 10 mA , 1.5V≤ (V
CONTROL
- V
OUT
)
≤
12V
0.8V≤ (V
POWER
- V
OUT
)
≤
5.5V
V
CONTROL
= V
OUT
+ 2.5V, V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V,
I
LOAD
= 10mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= 5V, V
POWER
=3.3V, V
ADJ
= 0V (Note 3)
V
CONTROL
= V
OUT
+ 2.5V, V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V,
I
LOAD
= 10mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= V
OUT
+ 2.5V, V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V,
I
LOAD
= 10mA to 1.5A
V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 2.05V, I
LOAD
= 10mA
(V
IN
- V
OUT
) = 5V
V
CONTROL
= V
POWER
= V
OUT
+ 2.5V, V
RIPPLE
= 1V
P-P
I
LOAD
= 1A
T
A
= 25°C, 30ms pulse
T Package: Control Circuitry/ Power Transistor
M & D Package: Control Circuitry/ Power Transistor
Min
1.243
1.237
1.491
1.485
2.485
2.475
2.821
2.833
2.982
2.970
3.280
3.235
3.479
3.430
4.930
4.950
Typ
1.250
1.250
1.500
1.500
2.500
2.500
2.850
2.850
3.000
3.000
3.300
3.300
3.500
3.500
5.000
5.000
1
Max
1.258
1.263
1.509
1.515
2.515
2.525
2.879
2.867
3.018
3.030
3.320
3.333
3.521
3.535
5.030
5.050
3
Units
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
mV
Output Voltage
AMS1501-1.5
AMS1501-2.5
AMS1501-2.85
AMS1501-3.0
AMS1501-3.3
AMS1501-3.5
AMS1501-5.0
Line Regulation
AMS1501/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/ -3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
Load Regulation
AMS1501/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
Minimum Load
Current
Control Pin Current
(Note 4)
Ground Pin Current
(Note 4)
Adjust Pin Current
Current Limit
AMS1501
AMS1501/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
AMS1501-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
AMS1501
AMS1501/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
Ripple Rejection
AMS1501/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
Thermal Regulation
Thermal Resistance
Junction-to-Case
AMS1501
1
5
mV
5
10
10
16
mA
mA
6
10
mA
50
1.5
60
2.0
80
120
2.8
µA
A
dB
0.002
0.020
0.65/2.70
0.65/2.70
%W
°C/W
°C/W
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc.
www.advanced-monolithic.com
Phone (925) 443-0722
Fax (925) 443-0723
AMS1501
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics at I
OUT
= 0 mA, and T
J
= +25°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Dropout Voltage
Control Dropout
(V
CONTROL
- V
OUT
)
Power Dropout
(V
POWER
- V
OUT
)
AMS1501/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
AMS1501/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
Device
Conditions
Note 2
V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V, I
LOAD
= 10mA
V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V, I
LOAD
= 1.5A
V
CONTROL
=V
OUT
+ 2.5V, I
LOAD
= 10mA
V
CONTROL
=V
OUT
+ 2.5V, I
LOAD
= 1.5A
Min
Typ
Max
Units
1.00
1.15
.10
.45
1.15
1.30
0.17
.50
V
V
V
V
Parameters identified with
boldface type
apply over the full operating temperature range.
Note 1:
Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the
Electrical Characteristics
.
The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed.
Note 2:
Unless otherwise specified V
OUT
= V
SENSE
. For the adjustable device V
ADJ
= 0V.
Note 3:
The dropout voltage for the AMS1501 is caused by either minimum control voltage or minimum power voltage. The specifications represent the minimum
input/output voltage required to maintain 1% regulation.
Note 4:
For the adjustable device the minimum load current is the minimum current required to maintain regulation. Normally the current in the resistor divider
used to set the output voltage is selected to meet the minimum load current requirement.
Note 5:
The control pin current is the drive current required for the output transistor. This current will track output current with a ratio of about 1:100. The
minimum value is equal to the quiescent current of the device.
PIN FUNCTIONS
Sense (Pin 1):
This pin is the positive side of the
reference voltage for the device. With this pin it is
possible to Kelvin sense the output voltage at the load.
Adjust (Pin 2/5):
This pin is the negative side of the
reference voltage for the device. Adding a small bypass
capacitor from the Adjust pin to ground improves the
transient response. For fixed voltage devices the Adjust
pin is also brought out to allow the user to add a bypass
capacitor.
GND (Pin 2/5):
For fixed voltage devices this is the
bottom of the resistor divider that sets the output voltage.
V
POWER
(Pin 5/6):
This pin is the collector to the power
device of the AMS1501. The output load current is
supplied through this pin. The voltage at this pin must
be between 0.1V and 0.8V greater than the output
voltage for the device to regulate.
V
CONTROL
(Pin 4/3):
This pin is the supply pin for the
control circuitry of the device. The current flow into
this pin will be about 1% of the output current. The
voltage at this pin must be 1.3V or greater than the
output voltage for the device to regulate.
Output (Pin 3/4):
This is the power output of the
device.
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc.
www.advanced-monolithic.com
Phone (925) 443-0722
Fax (925) 443-0723
AMS1501
APPLICATION HINTS
The AMS1501 is designed to make use of multiple power
supplies, existing in most systems, to reduce the dropout voltage.
One of the advantages of the two supply approach is maximizing
the efficiency.
The second supply is at least 1V greater than output voltage and
is providing the power for the control circuitry and supplies the
drive current to the NPN output transistor. This allows the NPN
to be driven into saturation; thereby reducing the dropout voltage
by a VBE compared to conventional designs. For the control
voltage the current requirement is small equal to about 1% of the
output current or approximately 15mA for a 1.5A load. Most of
this current is drive current for the NPN output transistor. This
drive current becomes part of the output current. The maximum
voltage on the Control pin is 13V. The maximum voltage at the
Power pin is 7V. Ground pin current for fixed voltage devices is
typical 6mA and is constant as a function of load. Adjust pin
current for adjustable devices is 60µA at 25°C and varies
proportional to absolute temperature.
The improved frequency compensation of AMS1501 permits the
use of capacitors with very low ESR. This is critical in addressing
the needs of modern, low voltage high sped microprocessors.
Output voltage tolerances are tighter and include transient
response as part of the specification. Designed to meet the fast
current load step requirements, the AMS1501 also saves total
cost by needing less output capacitance to maintain regulation.
Careful design of the AMS1501 has eliminated any supply
sequencing issues associated with a dual supply system. The
output voltage will not turn on until both supplies are operating.
If the control voltage comes up first, the output current will be
limited to a few milliamperes until the power input voltage comes
up. If power input comes up first the output will not turn on at all
until the control voltage comes up. The output can never come up
unregulated. By tying the control and power inputs together the
AMS1501 can also be operated as a single supply device. In
single supply operation the dropout will be determined by the
minimum control voltage.
The new features of the AMS1501 require additional pins over
the traditional 3-terminal regulator. Both the fixed and adjustable
versions have remote sense pins, permitting very accurate
regulation of output voltage at the load, rather than at the
regulator. As a result, over an output current range of 100mA to
1.5A with a 2.5V output, the typical load regulation is less than
1mV. For the fixed voltages the adjust pin is brought out allowing
the user to improve transient response by bypassing the internal
resistor divider. Optimum transient response is provided using a
capacitor in the range of 0.1µF to 1µF for bypassing the Adjust
pin. The value chosen will depend on the amount of output
capacitance in the system.
In addition to the enhancements mentioned, the reference
accuracy has been improved by a factor of two with a guaranteed
initial tolerance of
±0.6%
at 25°C. This device can hold 1%
accuracy over the full temperature range and load current range,
guaranteed, when combined with ratiometrically accurate internal
divider resistors and operating with an input/output differential of
well under 1V.
Typical applications for the AMS1501 include 3.3V to 2.5V
conversion with a 5V control supply, 5V to 4.2V conversion with
a 12V control supply or 5V to3.6V conversion with a 12V control
supply. Capable of 1.5A of output current with a maximum
dropout of 0.8V the AMS1501 also has a fast transient response
that allows it to handle large current changes. The device is fully
protected against overcurrent and overtemperature conditions.
Grounding and Output Sensing
The AMS1501 allows true Kelvin sensing for both the high and
low side of the load. As a result the voltage regulation at he load
can be easily optimized. Voltage drops due to parasitic
resistances between the regulator and the load can be placed
inside the regulation loop of the AMS1501. The advantages of
remote sensing are illustrated in figures 1 through 3.
Figure 1 shows the device connected as a conventional 3 terminal
regulator with the Sense lead connected directly to the output of
the device. R
P
is the parasitic resistance of the connections
between the device and the load. Typically R
P
is made up of the
PC traces and /or connector resistances (in the case of a modular
regulator) between the regulator and the load. Trace A of figure 3
illustrates the effect of RP. Very small resistances cause
significant load regulation steps.
Figure 2 shows the device connected to take advantage of the
remote sense feature. The Sense pin and the top of the resistor
divider are connected to the top of the load; the bottom of the
resistor divider is connected to the bottom of the load. R
P
is now
connected inside the regulation loop of the AMS1501 and for
reasonable values of R
P
the load regulation at the load will be
negligible. The effect on output regulation can be seen in trace B
of figure 3.
5V
CONTROL
POWER
SENSE
3.3V
AMS1501
OUTPUT
ADJ
R
P
LOAD
R1
R2
R
P
+
V
OUT
-
Figure 1. Conventional Load Sensing
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc.
www.advanced-monolithic.com
Phone (925) 443-0722
Fax (925) 443-0723
AMS1501
APPLICATION HINTS
5V
CONTROL
POWER
SENSE
3.3V
AMS1501
OUTPUT
ADJ
R
P
LOAD
R1
R2
R
P
+
V
OUT
-
Figure 2. Remote Load Sensing
(∆I
OUT
)(R
P
)
V
OUT
FIGURE 1
V
OUT
FIGURE 2
to allow this capability. To ensure good transient response with
heavy load current changes capacitor values on the order of
100µF are used in the output of many regulators. To further
improve stability and transient response of these devices larger
values of output capacitor can be used.
The modern systems generate large high frequency current
transients. The load current step contains higher order frequency
components than the output coupling network must handle until
the regulator throttles to the load current level. Because they
contain parasitic resistance and inductance, capacitors are not
ideal elements. These parasitic elements dominate the change in
output voltage at the beginning of a transient load step change.
The ESR of the output capacitors produces an instantaneous step
in output voltage (∆V=∆I)(ESR). The ESL of the output
capacitors produces a droop proportional to the rate of change of
the output current (V= L)(∆I/∆t). The output capacitance
produces a change in output voltage proportional to the time until
the regulator can respond (∆V=∆t) (∆I/C). Figure 4 illustrates
these transient effects.
ESR
EFFECTS
ESL
EFFECTS
CAPACITANCE
EFFECTS
I
OUT
TIME
SLOPE, V/t =
∆I/C
POINT AT WHICH REGULATOR
TAKES CONTROL
Figure 4.
Figure 3. Remote Sensing Improves Load Regulation
Voltage drops due to R
P
are not eliminated; they will add to the
dropout voltage of the regulator regardless of whether they are
inside or outside the regulation loop. The AMS1501 can control
the voltage at the load as long as the input-output voltage is
greater than the total of the dropout voltage of the device plus the
voltage drop across R
P
.
Stability
The circuit design used in the AMS1501 series requires the use of
an output capacitor as part of the device frequency compensation.
The addition of
150
µF
aluminum electrolytic or a 22µF solid
tantalum on the output will ensure stability for all operating
conditions. For best frequency response use capacitors with an
ESR of less than 1Ω.
In order to meet the transient requirements of the load larger
value capacitors are needed. Tight voltage tolerances are required
in the power supply. To limit the high frequency noise generated
by the load high quality bypass capacitors must be used. In order
to limit parasitic inductance (ESL) and resistance (ESR) in the
capacitors to acceptable limits, multiple small ceramic capacitors
in addition to high quality solid tantalum capacitors are required.
When the adjustment terminal is bypassed to improve the ripple
rejection, the requirement for an output capacitor increases. The
Adjust pin is brought out on the fixed voltage device specifically
Output Voltage
The AMS1501 series develops a 1.25V reference voltage
between the Sense pin and the Adjust pin (Figure5). Placing a
resistor between these two terminals causes a constant current to
flow through R1 and down through R2 to set the overall output
voltage. In general R1 is chosen so that this current is the
specified minimum load current of 10mA.The current out of the
Adjust pin is small, typically 50µA and it adds to the current
from R1. Because I
ADJ
is very small it needs to be considered
only when very precise output voltage setting is required. For
best regulation the top of the resistor divider should be connected
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