PhiCap Capacitors
for Power Factor Correction
Product Profile 2000
http://www.epcos.com
PhiCap
™
AC Capacitors
for Power Factor Correction
General
The PhiCap series, is a well
approved and reliable EPCOS MKP
(Metalized Polypropylene) capaci-
tor series for AC current applica-
tions with long time of field expe-
riences, more than 25 years.
The power range varies from
0.5…25 kvar and 0.7...5.0 kvar
per single capacitor can, depend-
ing on a three-phase or single-
phase capacitor design. The PhiCap
capacitor is especially intended for
power factor correction in industrial
and semi-industrial applications.
The capacitors are manufactured
using metalized polypropylene
film as dielectric and housed in a
cylindrical aluminum case.
Type Number Decoding System
7.5 kvar Output power
PhiCap Capacitor
Type
Revision
B 3234 4 - B 4 07 1- A 5 40
Phase
Three-phase 4
Three-phase 3
Single phase 0
1/2 =
50…60 Hz
–5% /
+10%
Rated voltage AC
2
3
4
5
=
=
=
=
200 +
300 +
400 +
500 +
00
10
20
30
40
80
=
=
=
=
=
=
00
15
20/25
30
40
80
B32344-B4071-A540 (7.5 kvar –5%/+10%
440 V
AC
three-phase 50/60 Hz)
PhiCap
™
applications
a
Power factor correction (PFC)
a
Automatic capacitor banks
a
Fixed PFC (power factor
correction) applications,
e.g. motor compensation
a
AC power electronics
a
Uninterruptible power supplies
(UPS)
a
Drive engineering
User benefits
Electrical
a
Up to 25 kvar per case for three-
phase applications
a
Up to 5 kvar per case for single-
phase applications
a
Long expected life cycle,
≥
80000 hours
a
High pulse current withstand
capability (100 * I
N
)
Mechanical & Maintenance
a
Reduced mounting costs, easy
installation and connection
a
Low weight and compact
volume
a
Any mounting position except
upside down
a
Maintenance free
Safety
a
SH type (self-healing capacitor
type)
a
Overpressure disconnector
Environment
a
Non-polluting, environment
friendly product
a
PCB-free product (NPCB)
EPCOS AG
3
The PhiCap is a self-healing (SH),
metalized polypropylene film capac-
itor. The current-carrying AlZn metal
layer (the best alloy for an electrode)
is vapor-deposited onto one side
of the film, the surface of dielectric.
Compact design – low weight
and small volume
The entire three-phase capacitor is
composed of three single-phase
element stacks. The electrodes are
connected by metal spraying layer
(shooping process) on the face
ends of the winding elements.
The winding elements are encap-
sulated in a cylindrical aluminum
case and hermetically sealed either
by a press-rolled metal lid or plastic
disc with fast-on terminals.
Dual safety systems
a
Self healing: the capacitor repairs
itself, in case of overload. SH
capability prevents permanent
dielectric breakdown in case of
sporadic voltage surges, overcur-
rent or overtemperature.
a
Overpressure disconnector: this
prevents the capacitor from
bursting at the end of its service
life, or caused through electrical
or thermal overload. In case of
permanent self-healing attempts
caused by repetitive very high
peak voltages or other overloads
will result in permanent break-
down. In such a case the safety
switching device will be activat-
ed and disconnect (cut off) the
capacitor winding elements from
the power source by means of
internal pressure raising (expan-
sion of the capacitor Al-case).
Design hint:
Due to the increase of the capac-
itor’s height, in a breakdown
case, it is necessary to provide
enough clearance obove the
capacitor‘s terminals.
Connection Technology
a
Simplifying the capacitor‘s paral-
lel connection (double fast-on
terminal or double wire clamping
screw terminals)
a
Discharge resistors already
mounted; standard for extra
reliability and safety (included in
delivery)
a
Cable connection layout (termi-
nals) adjusted to secure safe
clamping of required cable cross-
section.
Double fast-on terminal
Disconnected
Connected
Winding
C 1, 2, 3
Detail B
Detail A
4
EPCOS AG
PhiCap Capacitor Selection
To specify and select the capacitors
for PFC several factors affect the
performance and the expected life
time of the capacitors:
a
Voltage
a
Harmonics
a
Temperature (UCT)
a
Load (overcurrent)
a
Inrush current
Permanent overvoltage shortens the
capacitor’s life cycle. The capacitor’s
rated voltage must be equal or
higher than the operating voltage
of the circuit, the capacitor will be
connected too.
Harmonics produce overvoltage
and overcurrent on capacitors
themselves. If the total harmonics
distortion level for voltage e.g.
exceeds 5%, serious damages to
installation may occur by the
resonance of the circuit. In such
cases an implementation of series
reactors (de-tuning) is recommended.
Operation of the capacitors above
the upper category temperature
(UCT) level will accelerate the degra-
dation of dielectric and shorten
the capacitor’s life cycle.
Residual voltage should not exceed
10% of rated voltage while re-
switching of capacitors. During
charging period of the capacitors
the current is very high – if switched
in automatic capacitor banks, it is
very likely that discharged capaci-
tors are connected to charged
ones already connected to the
grid. In such cases the maximum
permissible transient peak current
is 100*I
N
.
During the switching process ther-
mal- and electrodynamic- stresses
are developed caused by transient
over-currents of high amplitude
and frequency and may damage
the system. Capacitor contactors
with preloading resistors or series-
inductance (cable twins between
contactor and capacitor) will avoid
excessive transient currents.
50%
Active power meter
Apparent
power
(cos = 1)
Grid
P
Q
S
X
50%
Reactive
power meter
Capacitor for
compensation
100 %
PhiCap
Power factor improvement
Compensation of harmonics
EPCOS AG
5
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