X7R Dielectric
General Specifications
X7R formulations are called “temperature stable” ceramics
and fall into EIA Class II materials. X7R is the most popular
of these intermediate dielectric constant materials. Its tem-
perature variation of capacitance is within ±15% from
-55°C to +125°C. This capacitance change is non-linear.
Capacitance for X7R varies under the influence of electrical
operating conditions such as voltage and frequency.
X7R dielectric chip usage covers the broad spectrum of
industrial applications where known changes in capaci-
tance due to applied voltages are acceptable.
PART NUMBER (see page 3 for complete part number explanation)
0805
Size
(L" x W")
5
Voltage
10V = Z
16V = Y
25V = 3
50V = 5
100V = 1
C
Dielectric
X7R = C
103
Capacitance
Code
M
Capacitance
Tolerance
Preferred
M = ± 20%
K = ±10%
A
Failure
Rate
A = Not
Applicable
T
Terminations
T = Plated Ni
and Solder
2
Packaging
2 = 7" Reel
4 = 13" Reel
A
Special
Code
A = Std.
Product
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Capacitance Range
Capacitance Tolerances
Operating Temperature Range
Temperature Characteristic
Voltage Ratings
Dissipation Factor
100 pF to 2.2 µF (1.0 ±0.2 Vrms, 1kHz)
Preferred ±10%, ±20%
others available: ±5%, +80 –20%
-55°C to +125°C
±15% (0 VDC)
10, 16, 25, 50, 100 VDC (+125°C)
For 50 volts and 100 volts: 2.5% max.
For 25 volts: 3.0% max.
For 16 volts: 3.5% max.
For 10 volts: 5% max.
100,000 megohms min. or 1000 MΩ - µF min., whichever is less
10,000 megohms min. or 100 MΩ - µF min., whichever is less
250% of rated voltage for 5 seconds at 50 mamp max. current
1.0 ± 0.2 Vrms
1 KHz
Insulation Resistance
(+25°C, RVDC)
Insulation Resistance
(+125°C, RVDC)
Dielectric Strength
Test Voltage
Test Frequency
8
X7R Dielectric
Typical Characteristic Curves**
Temperature Coefficient
+12
+6
Variation of Impedance with Cap Value
Impedance vs. Frequency
1,000 pF vs. 10,000 pF - X7R
0805
10.00
1,000 pF
10,000 pF
Capacitance
0
-6
-12
-18
-24
-75
-50
-25
0
+25 +50 +75 +100 +125
0.01
10
100
1.00
Impedance,
Temperature
°C
%
0.10
1000
Frequency, MHz
Capacitance vs. Frequency
+20
Variation of Impedance with Chip Size
Impedance vs. Frequency
10,000 pF - X7R
10
1206
0805
1210
Capacitance
+10
0
-10
-20
Impedance,
1.0
0.1
%
.01
1KHz
10 KHz
100 KHz
1 MHz
10 MHz
1
10
100
1,000
Frequency
Frequency, MHz
Insulation Resistance (Ohm-Farads)
Insulation Resistance vs Temperature
10,000
Variation of Impedance with Chip Size
Impedance vs. Frequency
100,000 pF - X7R
10
1206
0805
1210
1,000
100
Impedance,
+20
+25
+40
+60
+80
+100
1.0
0.1
0
.01
1
10
Temperature
°C
100
1,000
Frequency, MHz
SUMMARY OF CAPACITANCE RANGES VS. CHIP SIZE
Style
0402*
0504
0603*
0805*
1206*
1210*
1505
1808
1812*
1825*
2220
2225
10V
—
—
100pF - 0.22µF
100pF - 2.2µF
1.5µF - 4.7µF
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
16V
100pF - 47nF
—
100pF - 0.1µF
100pF - 0.47µF
1nF - 1µF
1nF - 1.8µF
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
25V
100pF - 6.8nF
—
100pF - 47nF
100pF - 0.22µF
1nF - 1.0µF
1nF - 1µF
¡
10nF - 0.33µF
¡
¡
¡
¡
50V
100pF - 3.9nF
100pF - .01µF
100pF - 15nF
100pF - 0.1µF
1nF - 0.22µF
1nF - 0.22µF
1nF - 0.1µF
10nF - 0.33µF
10nF - 1µF
10nF - 1µF
10nF - 1.5µF
10nF - 2.2µF
100V
—
100pF - 3.3nF
100pF - 4.7nF
100pF - 22nF
1nF - 0.1µF
1nF - 0.1µF
1nF - 27nF
10nF - 0.1µF
10nF - 0.47µF
10nF - 0.47µF
10nF - 1.2µF
10nF - 1.5µF
* Standard Sizes
** For additional information on performance changes with operating conditions consult AVX’s software SpiCap.
9
X7R Dielectric
Capacitance Range
PREFERRED SIZES ARE SHADED
SIZE
Standard Reel
Packaging
MM
(in.)
MM
(W) Width
(in.)
(T) Max. Thickness MM
(in.)
MM
(t) Terminal
(in.)
WVDC
(L) Length
Cap
(pF)
100
120
150
180
220
270
330
390
470
560
680
820
1000
1200
1500
1800
2200
2700
3300
3900
4700
5600
6800
8200
Cap.
(µF)
.010
.012
.015
.018
.022
.027
.033
.039
.047
.056
.068
.082
.10
.12
.15
.18
.22
.27
.33
.47
.56
.68
.82
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.2
4.7
0402*
All Paper
1.00 ± .10
(.040 ± .004)
.50 ± .10
(.020 ± .004)
.60
(.024)
.25 ± .15
(.010 ± .006)
25
0504*
All Embossed
1.27 ± .25
(.050 ± .010)
1.02 ± .25
(.040 ± .010)
1.02
(.040)
.38 ± .13
(.015 ± .005)
50
100
0603*
All Paper
1.60 ± .15
(.063 ± .006)
.81 ± .15
(.032 ± .006)
.90
(.035)
.35 ± .15
(.014 ± .006)
16 25
50
0805
Paper/Embossed
2.01 ± .20
(.079 ± .008)
1.25 ± .20
(.049 ± .008)
1.30
(.051)
.50 ± .25
(.020 ± .010)
16 25
50
1206
Paper/Embossed
3.20 ± .20
(.126 ± .008)
1.60 ± .20
(.063 ± .008)
1.50
(.059)
.50 ± .25
(.020 ± .010)
16
25
50
1505
All Embossed
3.81 ± .25
(.150 ± .010)
1.27 ± .25
(.050 ± .010)
1.27
(.050)
.50 ± .25
(.020 ± .010)
50
100
16
50
10
100
10
100
10
100
L
W
T
t
*Reflow soldering only.
NOTES:
For higher voltage chips, see pages 20 and 21.
= Paper Tape
= Embossed Tape
10
X7R Dielectric
Capacitance Range
PREFERRED SIZES ARE SHADED
SIZE
Standard Reel Packaging
(L) Length
(W) Width
(T) Max. Thickness
(t) Terminal
WVDC
Cap
(pF)
1000
1200
1500
1800
2200
2700
3300
3900
4700
5600
6800
8200
Cap.
(µF)
.010
.012
.015
.018
.022
.027
.033
.039
.047
.056
.068
.082
.10
.12
.15
.18
.22
.27
.33
.39
.47
.56
.68
.82
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.2
MM
(in.)
MM
(in.)
MM
(in.)
MM
(in.)
16
1210
Paper/Embossed
3.20 ± .20
(.126 ± .008)
2.50 ± .20
(.098 ± .008)
1.70
(.067)
.50 ± .25
(.020 ± .010)
25
50
100
25
1808*
All Embossed
4.57 ± .25
(.180 ± .010)
2.03 ± .25
(.080 ± .010)
1.52
(.060)
.64 ± .39
(.025 ± .015)
50
100
50
1812*
All Embossed
4.50 ± .30
(.177 ± .012)
3.20 ± .20
(.126 ± .008)
1.70
(.067)
.61 ± .36
(.024 ± .014)
100
1825*
All Embossed
4.50 ± .30
(.177 ± .012)
6.40 ± .40
(.252 ± .016)
1.70
(.067)
.61 ± .36
(.024 ± .014)
50
100
50
2220*
All Embossed
5.7 ± 0.4
(.225 ± .016)
5.0 ± 0.4
(.197 ± .016)
2.30
(.090)
.64 ± .39
(.025 ± .015)
100
200
2225*
All Embossed
5.72 ± .25
(.225 ± .010)
6.35 ± .25
(.250 ± .010)
1.70
(.067)
.64 ± .39
(.025 ± .015)
50
100
L
W
T
t
*Reflow soldering only.
NOTES:
For higher voltage chips, see pages 20 and 21.
= Paper Tape
= Embossed Tape
11
Basic Capacitor Formulas
I. Capacitance (farads)
English: C = .224 K A
T
D
Metric: C = .0884 K A
T
D
II. Energy stored in capacitors (Joules, watt - sec)
E =
1
⁄
2
CV
2
III. Linear charge of a capacitor (Amperes)
dV
I=C
dt
IV. Total Impedance of a capacitor (ohms)
R
2
+ (XC - XL )
2
S
V. Capacitive Reactance (ohms)
1
xc =
2
π
fC
Z=
VI. Inductive Reactance (ohms)
x
L
= 2
π
fL
VII. Phase Angles:
Ideal Capacitors: Current leads voltage 90°
Ideal Inductors: Current lags voltage 90°
Ideal Resistors: Current in phase with voltage
VIII. Dissipation Factor (%)
(loss angle) = E.S.R. = (2
πfC)
(E.S.R.)
Xc
IX. Power Factor (%)
P.F. = Sine (loss angle) = Cos (phase angle)
f
P.F. = (when less than 10%) = DF
D.F.= tan
X. Quality Factor (dimensionless)
Q = Cotan (loss angle) = 1
D.F.
XI. Equivalent Series Resistance (ohms)
E.S.R. = (D.F.) (Xc) = (D.F.) / (2
π
fC)
XII. Power Loss (watts)
Power Loss = (2
π
fCV
2
) (D.F.)
XIII. KVA (Kilowatts)
KVA = 2
π
fCV
2
x 10
-3
XIV. Temperature Characteristic (ppm/°C)
T.C. = Ct – C
25
x 10
6
C
25
(T
t
– 25)
XV. Cap Drift (%)
C
1
– C
2
C.D. =
C
1
x 100
XVI. Reliability of Ceramic Capacitors
V
t
L
0
X
T
t
Y
=
L
t
V
o
T
o
( ) ( )
XVII. Capacitors in Series (current the same)
1 = 1 + 1 --- 1
CT
C
1
C
2
CN
C
1
C
2
Two: CT =
C
1
+ C
2
XVIII. Capacitors in Parallel (voltage the same)
CT = C
1
+ C
2
--- + CN
XIX. Aging Rate
A.R. = %
Any Number:
D
C/decade of time
XX. Decibels
db = 20 log V
1
V
2
METRIC PREFIXES
Pico
Nano
Micro
Milli
Deci
Deca
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
X 10
-12
X 10
-9
X 10
-6
X 10
-3
X 10
-1
X 10
+1
X 10
+3
X 10
+6
X 10
+9
X 10
+12
SYMBOLS
K
A
T
D
V
t
Rs
= Dielectric Constant
= Area
= Dielectric thickness
= Voltage
= time
= Series Resistance
f
L
= frequency
= Inductance
= Loss angle
L
t
V
t
V
o
T
t
T
o
= Test life
= Test voltage
= Operating voltage
= Test temperature
= Operating temperature
f
X&Y
L
o
= Phase angle
= exponent effect of voltage and temp.
= Operating life
2
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