19-1468; Rev 1; 6/03
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail,
Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers
General Description
The MAX4194 is a variable-gain precision instrumenta-
tion amplifier that combines Rail-to-Rail
®
single-supply
operation, outstanding precision specifications, and a
high gain bandwidth. This amplifier is also offered in
three fixed-gain versions: the MAX4195 (G = +1V/V), the
MAX4196 (G = +10V/V), and the MAX4197 (G =
+100V/V). The fixed-gain instrumentation amplifiers fea-
ture a shutdown function that reduces the quiescent
current to 8µA. A traditional three operational amplifier
configuration is used to achieve maximum DC precision.
The MAX4194–MAX4197 have rail-to-rail outputs and
inputs that can swing to 200mV below the negative rail
and to within 1.1V of the positive rail. All parts draw only
93µA and operate from a single +2.7V to +7.5V supply
or from dual ±1.35V to ±3.75V supplies. These amplifiers
are offered in 8-pin SO packages and are specified for
the extended temperature range (-40°C to +85°C).
See the MAX4198/MAX4199 data sheet for single-supply,
precision differential amplifiers.
o
+2.7V Single-Supply Operation
o
Low Power Consumption
93µA Supply Current
8µA Shutdown Current
(MAX4195/MAX4196/MAX4197)
o
High Common-Mode Rejection: 115dB (G = +10V/V)
o
Input Common-Mode Range Extends 200mV
Below GND
o
Low 50µV Input Offset Voltage (G
≥
+100V/V)
o
Low ±0.01% Gain Error (G = +1V/V)
o
250kHz -3dB Bandwidth (G = +1V/V, MAX4194)
o
Rail-to-Rail Outputs
Features
MAX4194–MAX4197
Ordering Information
PART
MAX4194ESA
MAX4195ESA
MAX4196ESA
MAX4197ESA
TEMP RANGE
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
PIN-PACKAGE
8 SO
8 SO
8 SO
8 SO
Applications
Medical Equipment
Thermocouple Amplifier
4–20mA Loop Transmitters
Data-Acquisition Systems
Battery-Powered/Portable Equipment
Transducer Interface
Bridge Amplifier
Selector Guide
PART
MAX4194
MAX4195
MAX4196
MAX4197
SHUTDOWN
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
GAIN (V/V)
Variable
+1
+10
+100
CMRR (dB)
95 (G = +1V/V)
95
115
115
Pin Configurations
TOP VIEW
RG-
1
IN-
2
8
7
RG+
V
CC
OUT
REF
REF
1
IN-
2
IN+
3
8
7
SHDN
V
CC
OUT
FB
MAX4194
IN+
3
6
5
V
EE
4
MAX4195
MAX4196
MAX4197
6
5
V
EE
4
SO
SO
Rail-to-Rail is a registered trademark of Nippon Motorola, Ltd.
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail,
Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers
MAX4194–MAX4197
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage (V
CC
to V
EE
)..................................................+8V
All Other Pins .................................. (V
CC
+ 0.3V) to (V
EE
- 0.3V)
Current into Any Pin..........................................................±30mA
Output Short-Circuit Duration (to V
CC
or V
EE
)........... Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
8-Pin SO (derate 5.9mW/°C above +70°C).................. 471mW
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................ +300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
CC
= +5V, V
EE
= 0V, R
L
= 25kΩ tied to V
CC
/2, V
REF
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at
T
A
= +25°C.)
PARAMETER
Supply Voltage Range
Quiescent Current
Shutdown Current
SYMBOL
V
CC
I
CC
I
SHDN
CONDITIONS
Inferred by PSR test
Single supply
Dual supplies
MIN
2.7
±1.35
93
8
±100
±75
±50
±50
±100
±75
±50
±50
±1.0
±0.5
Differential
Common mode
Differential
Common mode
V
EE
- 0.2
G = +1V
G = +10V
G = +100V
G = +1V
G = +10V
G = +100V
66
80
86
60
74
77
78
94
99
dB
V
CM
= V
EE
- 0.2V
to V
CC
- 1.1V,
T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
,
∆R
S
= 1kΩ, (Note 1)
78
94
99
1000
1000
1
4
V
CC
- 1.1
±4.0
±2.0
µV/°C
MΩ
pF
V
±690
±345
±345
TYP
MAX
7.5
±3.75
110
12
±450
±225
±225
µV
UNITS
V
µA
µA
V
IN+
= V
IN-
= V
CC
/2, V
DIFF
= 0V
I
SHDN
= V
IL
, MAX4195/MAX4196/MAX4197 only
G = +1V/V, V
CM
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= +25°C
G = +10V/V, V
CM
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= +25°C
G = +100V/V, V
CM
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= +25°C
G = +1000V/V, V
CM
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= +25°C
G = +1V/V, V
CM
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
G = +1V/V, V
CM
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
G = +100V/V, V
CM
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
G = +1000V/V, V
CM
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
Input Offset Voltage
V
OS
Input Offset Voltage Drift
(Note 1)
Input Resistance
Input Capacitance
Input Voltage Range
TC
VOS
R
IN
C
IN
V
IN
G = +1V/V
G
≥
+10V/V
V
CM
= V
CC
/2
V
CM
= V
CC
/2
Inferred from CMR test
V
CM
= V
EE
- 0.2V
to V
CC
- 1.1V,
T
A
= +25°C,
∆R
S
= 1kΩ (Note 1)
DC Common-Mode
Rejection
CMR
DC
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail,
Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
CC
= +5V, V
EE
= 0V, R
L
= 25kΩ tied to V
CC
/2, V
REF
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at
T
A
= +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
V
CM
= V
EE
+ 0.2V
to V
CC
- 1.1V,
T
A
= +25°C,
∆R
S
= 1kΩ
DC Common-Mode
Rejection
CMR
DC
V
CM
= V
EE
+ 0.2V
to V
CC
- 1.1V,
T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
,
∆R
S
= 1kΩ
AC Common-Mode
Rejection
V
CM
= V
EE
+ 0.2V
to V
CC
- 1.1V,
f = 120Hz
G = +1V
G = +10V
G = +100V/V
G = +1000V/V
G = +1V
G = +10V
G = +100V/V
G = +1000V/V
G = +1V
G = +10V
G = +100V
90
73
88
90
MIN
78
93
95
TYP
95
115
115
115
95
115
115
115
85
101
106
120
6
15
±1.0
15
f = 10Hz
G = +1V/V
f = 100Hz
f = 10kHz
f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz
f = 10Hz
Input Noise Voltage
e
n
G = +10V/V
f = 100Hz
f = 10kHz
f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz
f = 10Hz
G = +100V/V
f = 100Hz
f = 10kHz
f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz
f = 10Hz
Input Noise Current
i
n
f = 100Hz
f = 10kHz
f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz
R
L
= 25kΩ to V
CC
/2
Output Voltage Swing
V
OH
, V
OL
R
L
= 5kΩ to V
CC
/2
V
CC
- V
OH
V
OL
V
CC
- V
OH
V
OL
85
75
72
1.4
35
32
31
0.7
32
31
8.7
0.6
2.4
0.76
0.1
16
30
30
100
100
100
100
200
200
mV
pA
RMS
pA/√Hz
µV
RMS
nV/√Hz
µV
RMS
nV/√Hz
µV
RMS
nV/√Hz
±3.0
20
dB
nA
pA/°C
nA
pA/°C
dB
dB
MAX
UNITS
MAX4194–MAX4197
CMR
AC
Power-Supply Rejection
Input Bias Current
Input Bias Current Drift
Input Offset Current
Input Offset Current Drift
PSR
I
B
TC
IB
I
OS
TC
IOS
+2.7V
≤
V
CC
≤
+7.5V; V
CM
= +1.5V;
V
OUT
= +1.5V; V
REF
= +1.5V; R
L
= 25kΩ to
+1.5V; G = +1V/V, +10V/V, +100V/V
V
CM
= V
CC
/2
V
CM
= V
CC
/2
V
CM
= V
CC
/2
V
CM
= V
CC
/2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail,
Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers
MAX4194–MAX4197
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
CC
= +5V, V
EE
= 0V, R
L
= 25kΩ tied to V
CC
/2, V
REF
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at
T
A
= +25°C.)
PARAMETER
Short-Circuit Current
(Note 2)
Gain Equation
SYMBOL
I
SC
MAX4194 only
T
A
= +25°C,
V
CM
= V
CC
/2,
R
L
= 25kΩ,
V
EE
+ 0.1V
≤
V
OUT
≤
V
CC
- 0.1V
Gain Error
T
A
= +25°C,
V
CM
= V
CC
/2,
R
L
= 5kΩ,
V
EE
+ 0.2V
≤
V
OUT
≤
V
CC
- 0.2V
Gain Temperature
Coefficient (Note 1)
50kΩ Resistance
Temperature Coefficient
(Note 3)
TC
50kΩ
MAX4196/MAX4197
MAX4194
V
EE
+ 0.1V
≤
V
OUT
≤
V
CC
- 0.1V,
V
CM
= V
CC
/2, G = +1V/V, +10V/V,
+100V/V, +1000V/V
C
L
G = +1V/V
V
OUT
≤
0.1V
P-P
, G = +10V/V
V
CM
= V
CC
/2
G = +100V/V
MAX4194
MAX4195
MAX4194
MAX4196
MAX4194
MAX4197
G = +1V
G = +10V
G = +100V/V
G = +1000V/V, MAX4194
G = +1V
G = +10V
G = +100V/V
G = +1000V/V, MAX4194
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
±4.5
1+
(50kΩ/R
G
)
±0.01
±0.03
±0.05
±0.5
±0.01
±0.03
±0.05
±0.5
±1
±1
±16
±8
±15
ppm/°C
±0.1
±0.3
±0.5
±0.1
±0.3
±0.5
%
MAX
UNITS
mA
MAX4194/MAX4195, G = +1V/V
ppm/°C
Nonlinearity
Capacitive-Load Stability
±0.001
300
250
220
17
34
1.5
3.1
0.147
0.06
0.05
0.04
5
7
0.001
V
CC
- 1.5
V
CC
- 2.5
%
pF
-3dB Bandwidth
BW
-3dB
kHz
Slew Rate
SR
G = +1000V/V MAX4194
V
OUT
= 2V
P-P
, G = +1V/V
G = +1V/V
0.1%, V
OUT
= 2V
P-P
G = +10V/V
G = +100V/V
G = +1000V/V
V/µs
Settling Time
t
S
ms
Total Harmonic Distortion
Input Logic Voltage High
Input Logic Voltage Low
SHDN
Input Current
THD
V
IH
V
IL
V
OUT
= 2V
P-P
, G = +1V/V, f = 1kHz
%
V
V
µA
V
EE
< V
SHDN
< V
CC
MAX4195/MAX4196/
MAX4197 only
±0.1
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail,
Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers
MAX4194–MAX4197
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
CC
= +5V, V
EE
= 0V, R
L
= 25kΩ tied to V
CC
/2, V
REF
= V
CC
/2, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at
T
A
= +25°C.)
PARAMETER
Time to Shutdown
Enable Time From
Shutdown
Power-Up Delay
On/Off Settling Time
t
ON/OFF
SYMBOL
t
SHDN
t
ENABLE
CONDITIONS
G = +1V/V, 0.1%,
V
OUT
= +3V
G = +1V/V, 0.1%,
V
OUT
= +3.5V
MAX4195/MAX4196/
MAX4197 only
MAX4195/MAX4196/
MAX4197 only
MIN
TYP
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
MAX
UNITS
ms
ms
ms
ms
G = +1V/V, 0.1%, V
OUT
= +3.5V
V
SHDN
= V
CC
- 2.5V to V
CC
- 1.5V,
G = +100V/V, 0.1%, V
OUT
= +3.5V
Note 1:
Guaranteed by design.
Note 2:
Maximum output current (sinking/sourcing) in which the gain changes by less than 0.1%.
Note 3:
This specification represents the typical temperature coefficient of an on-chip thin film resistor. In practice, the temperature
coefficient of the gain for the MAX4194 will be dominated by the temperature coefficient of the external gain-setting resistor.
Typical Operating Characteristics
(V
CC
= +5V, V
EE
= 0, R
L
= 25kΩ tied to V
CC
/2, T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4194
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4194 toc01-1
MAX4195/MAX4196/MAX4197
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4194 toc02-2
0.1% SETTLING TIME vs. GAIN
(V
OUT
= 2Vp-p)
MAX4194 toc03
4
3
NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
100
1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
100k
G = +10V/V
G = +100V/V
G = +1V/V
4
3
NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
G = +100V/V
G = +10V/V
G = +1V/V
10k
1k
SETTLING TIME (µs)
100
10
1
100
1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
100k
1M
1M
1
10
GAIN (V/V)
100
1k
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
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