Size: C (LR14)
Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide Battery
Nominal Voltage:
Operating Voltage
Impedance:
Typical Weight:
Typical Volume:
Terminals:
Storage Temperature
Range:
26.2 mm
24.9
7.5 mm
MAX
(
+
)
1.5 V
1.6 - 0.75V
150 m-ohm @ 1kHz
69 gm (2.4 oz.)
26.9 cm 3(1.6 in.3 )
Flat
o
o
-20 C to 35 C
o
o
-20 C to 54 C
o
o
(-4 F to 130 F)
14A
LR14
Operating Temperature
Range:
ANSI:
IEC:
1.5 mm
MIN
50.0 mm
48.5
(
–
)
Dimensions shown are IEC/ANSI standards
TYPICAL DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS AT 21
°
C (70
°
F)
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
Voltage
20 OHMS
3.9 OHMS
6.8 OHMS
10 OHMS
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
Service Hours
120
140
160
*
Delivered capacity is dependent on the applied load, operating temperature and cut-off voltage. Please refer to the charts
and discharge data shown for examples of the energy / service life that the battery will provide for various load conditions.
MN1400_US_CT.PDF
Page 1 of 2
This data is subject to change. Performance information is typical. Contact Duracell for the latest information
Zn/MnO
2
MN1400
SPECIFICATION SUMMARY:
ALKALINE
PRIMARY CELLS & BATTERIES
DURACELL
PRODUCT
NUMBER
NOMINAL
VOLTAGE
(V)
SELECTED
PRODUCTS
DURACELL
®
alkaline-manganese dioxide batteries are a popular choice for most consumer, industrial, and military
applications where an economical, general purpose battery is required. Advantages include high energy output, reliability,
long shelf life, and good low temperature performance.
(1)
The DURACELL
®
alkaline battery system is generally available in
cylindrical and multicell configurations.
SIZE
MAXIMUM
mm
in.
DIMENSIONS
(2)
MAXIMUM
mm
in.
MAXIMUM
mm
in.
NOMINAL
WEIGHT
g
oz.
NOMINAL
VOLUME
cm
3
in
3
CROSS REFERENCE
ANSI
IEC
STANDARD CYLINDRICAL
CELLS
MN1300
D
MN1400
C
MN1500
AA
MN2400
AAA
MN9100
N
ULTRA CYLINDRICAL CELLS
MX1300
D
MX1400
C
MX1500
AA
MX2400
AAA
MX2500
AAAA
OTHER SELECTED MULTICELL
BATTERIES
MX1604
ULTRA 9-VOLT
MN1604
9-VOLT
7K67
J
MN908
LANTERN
MN918
LANTERN
MN1203
LANTERN
MN21
CYLINDRICAL
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
DIAMETER
34.2
1.35
26.2
1.03
14.5
0.57
10.5
0.41
12
0.47
DIAMETER
34.2
1.35
26.2
1.03
14.5
0.57
10.5
0.41
8.3
0.33
LENGTH
26.5
1.04
26.5
1.04
35.6
1.40
67.0
2.64
136.5
5.37
62.0
2.44
10.3
0.41
HEIGHT
61.5
2.42
50
1.97
50.5
1.99
44.5
1.75
30.2
1.19
HEIGHT
61.5
2.42
50.0
1.97
50.5
1.99
44.5
1.75
42.5
1.67
HEIGHT
48.5
1.91
48.5
1.91
48.5
1.91
115
4.53
127
5.00
67.0
2.64
28.5
1.12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
139
69.0
23.8
11.0
9.6
4.90
2.43
0.84
0.39
0.34
56.4
26.9
8.4
3.8
3.4
3.44
1.64
0.51
0.23
0.21
13A
14A
15A
24A
910A
LR20
LR14
LR6
LR03
LR1
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
147
71.7
24.4
11.2
6.0
5.19
2.53
0.86
0.40
0.21
56.4
26.9
8.4
3.8
2.3
3.44
1.64
0.51
0.23
0.14
13A
14A
15A
24A
25A
LR20
LR14
LR6
LR03
LR8D425
9
9
6
6
6
4.5
12
WIDTH
17.5
0.69
17.5
0.69
9.1
0.36
67.0
2.64
73.0
2.87
22.0
0.87
-
-
46.5
45.0
34.0
612
1270
154
7.40
1.64
1.60
1.20
21.6
44.8
5.43
0.26
22.8
22.8
15.7
501.8
1243.5
91.4
2.30
1.39
1.39
0.96
30.6
75.9
5.58
0.14
1604A
1604A
1412AP
908A
918A
-
-
6LR61
6LR61
4LR61
4LR25X
4LR25-2
3LR12
-
(1) Operating temperature range is -20ºC to 54ºC (-4ºF to 130ºF)
(2) Dimensions are IEC/ANSI standards.
Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide
Introduction
Duracell pioneered the alkaline-manganese dioxide electrochemical system nearly 40 years ago. In the
1960-1970 decade, this battery system rapidly became the popular choice of designers in the ever-widening
field of consumer electronics. The product information and test data included in this technical bulletin repre-
sent Duracell’s newest alkaline battery products.
The zinc/potassium hydroxide/manganese dioxide cells, commonly called alkaline or alkaline-manganese
dioxide cells, have a higher energy output than zinc-carbon (Leclanche) cells. Other significant advantages are
longer shelf life, better leakage resistance, and superior low temperature performance. In comparison to the
zinc-carbon cell, the alkaline cell delivers up to ten times the ampere-hour capacity at high and continuous
drain conditions, with its performance at low temperatures also being superior to other conventional aqueous
electrolyte primary cells. Its more effective, secure seal provides excellent resistance to leakage and corrosion.
The use of an alkaline electrolyte, electrolytically prepared manganese dioxide, and a more reactive
zinc powder contribute to a higher initial cost than zinc-carbon cells. However, due to the longer service life,
the alkaline cell is actually more cost-effective based upon cost-per-hour usage, particularly with high drains
and continuous discharge. The high-grade, energy-rich materials composing the anode and cathode, in conjunc-
tion with the more conductive alkaline electrolyte, produce more energy than could be stored in standard zinc-
carbon cell sizes
General Characteristics
The general characteristics listed below are a summary of the significant benefits of the alkaline man-
ganese dioxide system. Each of the benefits is explained in greater detail subsequently in Section 5. This sum-
mary provides the designer with general guidelines for evaluating the alkaline-manganese dioxide system for a
particular application.
Benefits include:
•
•
•
•
•
Up to ten times the service life of regular zinc-car-
bon cells.
Long service life at continuous, high drain discharge.
No need for “rest periods.”
Low internal resistance.
Rugged, shock-resistant construction.
•
•
•
•
•
Cost-effective on a cost-per-hour-of-service basis.
Good low temperature performance.
Excellent leakage resistance.
Long shelf life.
Worldwide availability at retail.
1
Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide
Performance Characteristics (cont.)
performance of alkaline and regular zinc-carbon cells
is compared in
Figure 9,
showing the “D” size cell at
70°F (21°C) and 32°F (0°C).
Figure 9a
shows “AA”
cell performance under the same conditions. The alka-
line cell will maintain a higher voltage for considerably
longer than the regular zinc-carbon cell, resulting in a
service life at lower temperatures which is up to ten
times that of the regular zinc-carbon cell.
5.5 Internal Resistance
Alkaline cells, because of their compact construc-
tion and highly conductive electrolyte, have low internal
resistance, usually less than 1 ohm. The low internal
resistance characteristic is a benefit in applications
involving high current pulses. Unlike regular zinc-carbon
cells, alkaline cells do not require rest periods between
pulses and maintain their low internal resistance,
increasing only at the very end of useful life.
5.6 Energy Density
Energy density is a measure of available energy
in terms of weight and volume. It is the ratio of a cell’s
capacity to either its volume or weight and can be used
to evaluate a cell’s performance.
Table 1
is a summary of the major alkaline
product types comparing both volumetric energy density
and gravimetric energy density. Volumetric energy density
PRODUCT
NUMBER
NOMINAL
VOLTAGE
volts
RATED
CAPACITY*
ampere-hours
is an important factor where battery size is the primary
design consideration. Gravimetric energy density becomes
important where weight of the battery is critical, such as
in portable computers and cellular phones. The values
shown in this table are typical for each cell size. Actual
energy output will vary, dependent mostly on drain rates
applied.
TYPICAL GRAVIMETRIC
ENERGY DENSITY**
watt-hours
per pound
watt-hours
per kilogram
TYPICAL VOLUMETRIC
ENERGY DENSITY
watt hours
per cubic inch
watt hours
per liter
SIZE
LOAD
ohms
WEIGHT
pounds
kilograms
VOLUME
cubic
inches liters
MN1300
MN1400
MN1500
MN2400
MN9100
7K67
MN908
MN918
MN1604
D
C
AA
AAA
N
J
Lantern
Lantern
9V
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
15.000
7.800
2.850
1.150
0.800
0.580
11.500
24.000
0.580
10
20
43
75
100
340
15
9
620
0.304
0.143
0.052
0.024
0.021
0.075
1.349
2.800
0.101
0.138
0.065
0.024
0.011
0.010
0.034
0.612
1.270
0.046
3.440
1.640
0.510
0.230
0.210
0.960
30.620
75.880
1.390
0.056
0.027
0.008
0.004
0.003
0.016
0.502
1.243
0.023
59.2
65.5
65.8
57.5
45.7
37.2
40.9
41.1
41.4
130
144
143
126
96
82
90
91
91
5.2
5.7
6.7
6.0
4.6
2.9
1.8
1.5
3.0
322
347
428
345
320
174
110
93
182
* TO 0.8V per cell at 21°C (70°F).
** Based on 1.2 volt average operating voltage per cell at 21°C (70°F).
Table 1. Comparison of typical energy densities of major DURACELL
®
alkaline cells/batteries.
To determine the practical energy density of a
cell under specific conditions of load and temperature,
multiply the ampere-hour capacity that the cell delivers
under those conditions by the average discharge volt-
age, and divide by cell volume or weight.
Gravimetric Energy Density:
(Drain in Amperes x Service Hours)
x Average Discharge Voltage
=
Weight of cell in Pounds or Kilograms
Watt-Hours
Pound or
Kilogram
Volumetric Energy Density:
(Drain in Amperes x Service Hours)
x Average Discharge Voltage
=
Volume of cell in Cubic Inches or Liters
Watt-Hours
cubic Inch
or Liter
8
Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide
Applications
DURACELL
®
alkaline batteries-with their superi-
or drain rate characteristics good shelf storage life low
internal resistance, and wide operating temperature
range-are a popular choice for many portable power
applications. The most common uses are found in the
consumer market, in applications such as photographic
equipment, remote control devices, toys, electronic
games, flashlights, tape recorders, home health care
devices, radios, shavers, clocks, calculators and comput-
ers.
Alkaline cells also have significant application
presence in the industrial and government sectors. Some
industrial applications include portable medical and
industrial instrumentation, portable and emergency
lighting products, communications equipment, and
portable electrical measurement devices. Military applica-
tions include a variety of communication devices and
general instrumentation.
Duracell is actively involved in the development
of battery products that can power applications current-
ly utilizing rechargeable batteries or AC power, such as
notebook computers, handheld cellular phones, cam-
corders, power tools, and more. The goal of this devel-
opment program is to provide customers with a primary
battery option where needed.
Battery Care
7.1 Storage Conditions
Batteries should be stored at temperatures
between 50°F (10°C) and 77°F (25°C), with relative
humidity not exceeding 65 percent. Refrigeration of
alkaline batteries is not necessary because of their very
good capacity retention. Excessive temperature cycling
and storage at temperatures greater than 77°F (25°C)
should be avoided to maximize shelf life.
7.2 Proper Usage and Handling
Discharged batteries should be removed from
equipment to prevent possible damage. Batteries should
be removed from a device when it is not expected to be
in use for several months. Batteries should also be
removed from equipment while it is being powered by
household (AC) current. Always replace all batteries at
the same time since batteries in series, in different
states of discharge, may eventually drive the weakest
battery into voltage reversal with progressive risk of
leak age or rupture. Mixing battery systems, such as
alkaline with zinc-carbon, may also result in voltage
reversal and should be avoided.
Always replace the battery or batteries in your
equipment with the size and type of battery specified by
the equipment manufacturer.
Keep batteries away from small children. If
swallowed, consult a physician at once. (For information
on treatment, telephone the National Capital Poison
Center, Washington, D.C., at 202-625-3333 collect.)
7.3 Charging
All batteries listed in this bulletin are of the
primary type and are not designed to be recharged.
Attempts to recharge an alkaline battery may cause an
imbalance within the cell, leading to gassing and possi-
bly explosion on either charge or discharge cycles.
11
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