;9=B
4FEA?AE<G8 C8>4J
9OLYZWOX
*
:;A mqcn]bcha ][j[\cfcns
*
OCB n_lgch[fm
*
7 Filg A - 7 Filg C ]ihn[]n [ll[ha_g_hn
*
QiHR - EKU ]igjfc[hn
E]VQMLR 4VVRQMLYQUTX
C_hnl[f ^iil fi]e2 Ahnc3nb_`n fi]e2 Oiq_l ^iilm - qch^iqm2
Solhcha f[gj2 ^[ha_liom mcah[f - m]l[g f[gj ]ihnlif2
R_[n [^domng_hn2 Acl3]ih^cncihcha2 Fo_f jogj ]ihnlif2
Kiq n_gj_l[nol_ ]ihnlif2 Rohlii` ginil ]ihnlif2
Ao^ci msmn_g2 Q_[l qch^iq ^_`iaa_lm2 Rn[ln_l mif_hic^ mqcn]b_m
6;4C46E8C<DE<6D
Cihn[]n [ll[ha_g_hn
Uifn[a_ ^lij /chcnc[f0
70
L[r4 ]ihnchoiom ]oll_hn
80 ?0
L[r4 mqcn]bcha ]oll_hn
90 ?0
L[r4 mqcn]bcha pifn[a_
:0
Lch4]ihn[]n fi[^
Ef_]nlc][f _h^ol[h]_
L_]b[hc][f _h^ol[h]_
Ihcnc[f chmof[ncih l_mcmn[h]_
Dc_f_]nlc] mnl_hanb
;0
Nj_l[n_ ncg_
?0
Q_f_[m_ ncg_
<0 ?0
7A2 7C
MN@Ssj486gU28;6gU g[r4/[n 76A0
MC@Ssj496gU28;6gU g[r4/[n 76A0
96A /[n >; 2 >b0
L[e_@ 766A
/K[gj2 Ihlomb ]oll_hn0
Bl_[e@ <6A /Q_mcmncp_0
=;UDC
7A <UDC
R__ + CNMSACS DASA +
7r76
=
NOR
/966
NOR
5gch0
;66L /[n ;66UDC0
\_nq__h ]ihn[]nm@ ;66UAC
\_nq__h ]icf - ]ihn[]nm@ ;66UAC
Ssj4@ ;gm
L[r4@ 76gm /[n higc4 pif40
Ssj4@ 9gm
L[r4@ 76gm
Rbi]e l_mcmn[h]_
=0 ?0
S_lgch[ncih
Cihmnlo]ncih
Thcn q_cabn
Uc\l[ncih l_mcmn[h]_
=0 ?0
Ag\c_hn n_gj_l[nol_
3:6
ni 78;
76Ht ni :6Ht 748=gg DA
:6Ht ni =6Ht :?g5m
8
=6Ht ni 766Ht 64;gg DA
766Ht ni ;66Ht ?>g5m
8
?>g5m
8
OCB
>0
Of[mnc] m_[f_^
Ajjlir4 86a
70 Ekocp[f_hn ni nb_ g[r4 chcnc[f ]ihn[]n l_mcmn[h]_ cm 766g /[n 7A <UDC04
80 Fil MN ]ihn[]nm2 g_[mol_^ qb_h [jjfscha 766, l[n_^ pin[a_ ih ]icf4
90 Fil MN ]ihn[]nm2 [n 89 2 794;UDC2 l_mcmncp_ fi[^ /766 ]s]f_m04
:0 Fil MN ]ihn[]nm2 m__ +Ki[^ fcgcn ]olp_+ `il ^_n[cfm4
;0 7gch2 f_[e[a_ ]oll_hn f_mm nb[h 7gA4
<0 Sb_ p[fo_ cm g_[mol_^ qb_h pifn[a_ ^lijm mo^^_hfs `lig higch[f
pifn[a_ ni 6 UDC [h^ ]icf cm hin j[l[ff_f_^ qcnb mojjl_mmcih ]cl]ocn4
=0 Vb_h _h_lact_^2 ij_hcha ncg_ i` MN ]ihn[]nm mb[ff hin _r]__^ 766wm2
qb_h hih3_h_lact_^2 ij_hcha ncg_ i` MC ]ihn[]nm mb[ff hin _r]__^
7gm2 g_[hncg_2 MN ]ihn[]nm mb[ff hin \_ ]fim_^4
>0 Rch]_ cn cm [h _hpclihg_hn[f
`lc_h^fs
jli^o]n2 jf_[m_ m_f_]n f_[^3`l__
mif^_l qb_h q_f^cha4 Sb_ l_]igg_h^_^ mif^_lcha n_gj_l[nol_ [h^
ncg_ cm /8;6 90 2 /; 6490m4
?0 Nhfs `il nb_ 78UDC ]icf pifn[a_ nsj_4
6A@E46E 74E4
90
Ki[^
pifn[a_
Ki[^ ]oll_hn A
Ki[^ nsj_
7C
MN
Q_mcmncp_
794;UDC
Ff[mb_l
70
[n 89
Nh5N`` l[nci
7A
MC
96
96
333
333
MN
:;
:;
8x87V1;V
Nh
m
74;
N``
m
74;
Ef_]nlc][f
_h^ol[]_
Cihn[]n
g[n_lc[f
Ki[^ qclcha
80
^c[al[g
R__
^c[al[g 7
L[e_
Bl_[e
:;
:;
8x87V1;V
:x87V18x;V
7x76
;
NOR
AaRhN
8
649=;
649=;
649=;
7666b
9<6b
:x87V18x;V 649=;
Rj_]c[f
AaRhN
8
R__
^c[al[g 8
HNMGFA QEKAX
IRN?6672 IRN5SR7<?:? 2 IRN7:6672 NHRAR7>6672 IECP PC 6>6666 CEQSIFIED
867; Q_p4 7466
:<
70 Vb_h cn cm oncfct_^ ch `f[mb_l2 [ mj_]c[f AaRhN
8
]ihn[]n g[n_lc[f mbiof^ \_ om_^ [h^ nb_ ]omnig_l mj_]c[f ]i^_ mbiof^ \_ /7=60 [m [
mo``cr4 Of_[m_ ]ihh_]n \s nb_ jif[lcns []]il^cha ni nb_ ^c[al[g \_fiq4
80 Sb_ fi[^ qclcha ^c[al[gm [l_ fcmn_^ \_fiq@
CNL
MN
Q
CNL
MC
MN
Q
CNL
MN
MC
Q_mcmncp_
Q_mcmncp_
Ff[mb_l
Z
^c[al[g 8
^c[al[g 7
90 Vb_h nb_ fi[^ pifn[a_ cm [n 8:UDC il bcab_l2 il nb_ [jjfc][ncihm ]ih^cncihm [l_ ^c``_l_hn `lig nb_ n[\f_ [\ip_2 jf_[m_ mo\gcn nb_ ^_n[cf_^
[jjfc][ncih ]ih^cncihm ni Hiha`[ ni a_n gil_ mojjiln4
6A<> 74E4
Migch[f pifn[a_ Oc]e3oj pifn[a_ Dlij3ion pifn[a_ Cicf l_mcmn[h]_
UDC
UDC
UDC
r/7 76,0
g[r4
gch4
<
Rn[h^[l^
78
8:
<
R_hmcncp_
78
8:
949
<4>
794?
:4;
?46
7?48
64<
748
84:
64<
748
84:
7?
?6
9<8
96
786
:>6
Oiq_l
]ihmogjncih
V
74?
74<
74<
748
748
748
[n 89
L[r4 [ffiq[\f_ ip_l^lcp_
70
UDC
pifn[a_
[n 89
?46
7?4<
9?49
7746
8847
::49
[n >;
<4;
7:49
8>4<
>46
7<46
9646
70 L[r4 [ffiq[\f_ ip_l^lcp_ pifn[a_ cm mn[n_^ qcnb hi fi[^ [jjfc_^4
AC78C<@: <@9AC?4E<A@
HFJO 5
E]VO
6UQR [URYLPO
678 37H
:
S
R
/WWW0
..2@
<UDC
./0@
78UDC
.01@
8:UDC
/;@
7 Filg A
/K@
7 Filg C
6UTYLMY LWWLTPOSOTY
GOWXQUT
70
1@
Eolij_[h Of[mnc] m_[f_^ gi^_f
2@
Eolij_[h Of[mnc] m_[f_^ gi^_f2 9 sie_ n_lgch[fm
E@
AaRhN
8
D@
R_hmcncp_
@QR@
Rn[h^[l^
@QR3
Rn[h^[l^
6UTYLMY ?LYOWQLR
6UQR BU\OW
DVOMQLR MUNO
80
III3
Comnig_l mj_]c[f l_kocl_g_hn
@UYOX3
70 Cihn[]n cm l_]igg_h^_^ `il mocn[\f_ ]ih^cncih [h^ mj_]c`c][ncihm c` q[n_l ]f_[hcha il mol`[]_ jli]_mm cm chpifp_^ ch [mm_g\fcha l_f[sm
ih OCB4
80 Sb_ ]omnig_l mj_]c[f l_kocl_g_hn _rjl_mm [m mj_]c[f ]i^_ [`n_l _p[fo[ncha \s Hiha`[4 _4a4 /7=60 mn[h^m `il `f[mb_l fi[^4
:=
AFE><@8 7<?8@D<A@D- H<C<@: 7<4:C4? 4@7 B6 5A4C7 >4JAFE
Nonfch_ Dcg_hmcihm
Thcn@ gg
HFJO5___37_:__/WWW0
88g[r
8<4;g[r
94<
74;
64>
748
74>
HFJO5___37_<__/WWW0
88g[r
8<4;g[r
94<
74;
64>
748
74>
8849g[r
649
|
8849g[r
649
|
OCB K[sion
/Binnig pc_q0
HFJO5___37_:__/WWW0
/94=0
1648
848
6
1648
HFJO5___37_<__/WWW0
/94=0
7;4?
1648
7647
;4?
8 3 74<
1648
6
1648
848
6
748
6
8 3 74<
1648
6
;4?
848
6
1648
7647
94:
748
6
94:
1648
/<4=0
7847
7847
848
848
7948
848
6
1648
848
7948
848
6
1648
Q_g[le@ 70
^
Sb_ [^^cncih[f nch nij cm g[r4 7gg4
80 Sb_ nif_l[h]_ qcnbion ch^c][ncha cm [fq[sm v647gg4
90
g_[hm nb[n nb_ giohncha bif_ ^i_mh.n _rcmn `il HFJO5___37H___/WWW0 nsj_4
/<4=0
8
6
8
6
8
1648
6
1648
:>
H<C<@: 7<4:C4? 4@7 6;4C46E8C<DE<6 6FCG8D
Vclcha Dc[al[g
/Binnig pc_q0
Thcn@ gg
HFJO5___37H:__/WWW0
HFJO5___37Y:__/WWW0
HFJO5___37H<__/WWW0
HFJO5___37Y<__/WWW0
CHAQACSEQIRSIC CTQUER
74 Cicf ij_l[ncha pifn[a_ l[ha_
Ag\c_hn n_gj_l[nol_/ 0
796
786
776
766
?6
>6
=6
<6
;6
:6
96
?6
?;
766 76;
776 77;
786 78; 796
79;
7:6 7:;
6A
>A
7<A
8:A
98A
70 Sb_ g[rcgog [ffiq[\f_ ]icf n_gj_l[nol_ cm 7>6 4
Fil nb_ ]icf n_gj_l[nol_ lcm_ qbc]b cm g_[mol_^ \s
l_mcmn[h]_ cm [p_l[a_ p[fo_2 q_ l_]igg_h^ nb_
]icf n_gj_l[nol_ mbiof^ \_ \_fiq 7=6 oh^_l nb_
^c``_l_hn [jjfc][ncih [g\c_hn2 ^c``_l_hn ]icf pifn[a_
[h^ ^c``_l_hn fi[^ _n]4
80 I` nb_ []no[f ij_l[ncha ]icf pifn[a_ cm ion i` nb_
mj_]c`c_^ l[ha_2 jf_[m_ ]ihn[]n Hiha`[ `il `olnb_l
^_n[cfm4
:6A
7;6
O_l]_hn[a_ i` higch[f ]icf pifn[a_
:?
6;4C46E8C<DE<6 6FCG8D
84 Ki[^ fcgcn ]olp_ /
[n 89
0
Rqcn]bcha pifn[a_ /UDC0
=;
=6
<6
;6
:6
96
86
76
70 Sbcm ]b[ln n[e_m MN ]ihn[]n2 Q_mcmncp_ fi[^ [m
_r[gjf_4
80 Sb_ fi[^ [h^ _f_]nlc][f _h^ol[h]_ n_mnm [l_ g[^_
[]]il^cha ni zCNMSACS DASA{ j[l[g_n_lmy n[\f_4
I` []no[f fi[^ pifn[a_2 ]oll_hn2 ij_l[n_ `l_ko_h]s2
il [g\c_hn n_gj_l[nol_ cm ^c``_l_hn `lig zCNMSACS
DASA{ n[\f_2 jf_[m_ [ll[ha_ ]ill_mjih^cha n_mnm
`il ]ih`clg[ncih4
64;
7
8
9
:
;
=
76
86
96
:;
Rqcn]bcha ]oll_hn /A0
Dcm]f[cg_l
Sb_ mj_]c`c][ncih cm `il l_`_l_h]_ ihfs4 R__ ni +S_lgchifias [h^ Goc^_fch_m+ `il gil_ ch`ilg[ncih4 Rj_]c`c][ncihm mo\d_]n ni ]b[ha_ qcnbion hinc]_4
Ih ][m_ nb_l_ cm mj_]c`c] ]lcn_lcih /mo]b [m gcmmcih jli`cf_2 n_]bhc][f mj_]c`c][ncih2 OOAO _n]40 ]b_]e_^ [h^ [al__^ \s [h^ \_nq__h ]omnig_l [h^ Hiha`[2
nbcm mj_]c`c] ]lcn_lcih mbiof^ \_ n[e_h [m mn[h^[l^ l_a[l^cha [hs l_kocl_g_hn ih Hiha`[ jli^o]n4
V_ ]iof^ hin _p[fo[n_ [ff nb_ j_l`ilg[h]_ [h^ [ff nb_ j[l[g_n_lm `il _p_ls jimmc\f_ [jjfc][ncih4 Sbom nb_ om_l mbiof^ \_ ch [ lcabn jimcncih ni ]biim_
nb_ mocn[\f_ jli^o]n `il nb_cl iqh [jjfc][ncih4 I` nb_l_ cm [hs ko_ls2 jf_[m_ ]ihn[]n Hiha`[ `il nb_ n_]bhc][f m_lpc]_4 Hiq_p_l2 cn cm nb_ om_lym l_mjihmc\cfcns
ni ^_n_lgch_ qbc]b jli^o]n mbiof^ \_ om_^ ihfs4
u
Wc[g_h Hiha`[ Ef_]nli[]iomnc] Ci42 Kn^4 Aff lcabnm i` Hiha`[ [l_ l_m_lp_^4
;6
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