UM1556
User manual
VIPower M0-5 and M0-5Enhanced
high-side drivers
Introduction
The aim of this document is to give the design engineer a comprehensive “tool kit” to better
understand the behavior of VIPower high side switches, allowing easier design and saving
time and money.
Today’s VIPower high side switches represent the 5th generation of smart power drivers (the
so called M0-5). In this latest generation of drivers, all the experience and know-how derived
from previous generations have been implemented in order to improve robustness, increase
functionality and raise package density while maintaining lower prices.
The complexity of a modern High Side Driver (HSD) is still relatively low compared to many
other logic ICs. However, the combination of digital logic functions with analog power
structures supplied by an unstabilized automotive battery system across a wide temperature
range is very challenging for such a device.
The M0-5 components today meet all the above criteria, providing an optimal
price/performance ratio by offering the highest performance and robustness at excellent
prices.
September 2013
Doc ID 023520 Rev 2
1/87
www.st.com
Contents
UM1556
Contents
1
General items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1
1.2
Application schematic (monolithic digital, monolithic and hybrid analogue
HSD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Reverse battery protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.1
1.2.2
Reverse battery protection of monolithic HSDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Reverse battery protection of hybrid HSDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.3
1.4
Microcontroller protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Introduction of M0-5Enhanced products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
1.4.6
1.4.7
New features overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Open load in off-state/short to Vbat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Indication of power limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Indication of power limitation – example for analogue driver . . . . . . . . . 19
Indication of power limitation – example for digital driver . . . . . . . . . . . 20
M0-5Enhanced: analogue current sense truth table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Indication of power limitation, the advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2
Analogue current sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Simplified principle of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Normal operation (channel ON, CS_DIS low) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Overtemperature indication (channel ON, CS_DIS low) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Current sense ESD and spikes protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Current sense resistor calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Diagnostics with different load configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
Diagnostics with paralleled loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Diagnostics with different load options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
K-factor calibration method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8
2.9
Analogue current sense diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Open load detection in off-state – external circuitry for analogue M0-5 HSD
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.10
Open Load detection in off-state – M0-5Enhanced HSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3
Digital status output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2/87
Doc ID 023520 Rev 2
UM1556
Contents
3.1
Digital HSD diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4
Switching inductive loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.1
4.2
Turn-on phase behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Turn-off phase behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.2.1
4.2.2
Calculation of energy dissipated in the HSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Calculation example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3
4.4
Proper HSD selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.3.1
Example of VND5E160AJ driving relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
External clamping selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
Clamping circuitry examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Component selection guide for external transil-diode clamping . . . . . . 52
Examples of VN5E025AJ for DC motor driving with external clamp) . . 56
5
6
High Side Driver selection for lamp loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Paralleling of HSDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.1
Paralleling of CS_DIS (current sense disable) and IN (input) . . . . . . . . . 72
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
Monolithic HSDs supplied from different supply lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Hybrid HSDs supplied from different supply lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Mix of monolithic and hybrid HSDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.2
Paralleling of CS pins (current sense) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
Monolithic HSDs supplied from different supply lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Hybrid HSDs supplied from different supply lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Mix of monolithic and hybrid HSDs supplied from different supply lines 78
7
ESD protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
7.1
7.2
ESD protection of HSD – calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
ESD protection – ECU level (layout consideration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
8
Robust design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
8.1
Design suggestions for HSDs and relays on the same PCB . . . . . . . . . . 85
9
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Doc ID 023520 Rev 2
3/87
List of tables
UM1556
List of tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
Datasheet values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Reverse battery protection (of monolithic HSDs only) – comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
CS pin levels in off-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Analogue driver-truth table (OFF-state) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Analogue driver-truth table (ON-state) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Paralleling bulbs – overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
V
SENSE
measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Analogue HSD diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Digital HSD diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
External clamping circuitry examples (1/2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
External clamping circuitry examples (2/2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
List of suggested bulb/driver combinations(1/4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
List of suggested bulb/driver combinations(2/4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
List of suggested bulb/driver combinations(3/4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
List of suggested bulb/driver combinations(4/4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4/87
Doc ID 023520 Rev 2
UM1556
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
Figure 26.
Figure 27.
Figure 28.
Figure 29.
Figure 30.
Figure 31.
Figure 32.
Figure 33.
Figure 34.
Figure 35.
Figure 36.
Figure 37.
Figure 38.
Figure 39.
Figure 40.
Figure 41.
Figure 42.
Figure 43.
Figure 44.
Figure 45.
Figure 46.
Figure 47.
Monolithic digital HSD - application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Monolithic analogue HSD - application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Hybrid analogue HSD – application schematic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Voltage levels during reverse battery – resistor protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Logical levels check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Voltage levels during reverse battery using diode-resistor protection network. . . . . . . . . . 12
Positive ISO pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Negative ISO pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Voltage levels during reverse battery – MOSFET protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Hybrid HSD - reverse battery protection with self switch-on of the MOSFET. . . . . . . . . . . 16
Example - Self switch-on of MOSFET eliminated by Dgnd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ISO-pulse transfer to I/O pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Open load/short to Vcc condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Open load/short to Vcc condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
M0-5 – “Soft” short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
M0-5 – “Hard” short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
M0-5Enhanced – “Soft” short to GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
M0-5Enhanced – “Hard” short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
M0-5 – “Soft” short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
M0-5 – “Hard” short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
M0-5Enhanced – “Soft” short to GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
M0-5Enhanced – “Hard” short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
System reaction time comparison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
M0-5 High Side Driver with analogue current sense – block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
M0-5 current sense simplified block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
V
SENSE
vs I
OUT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
V
SENSE
vs V
OUT
@ I
OUT
=I
LIMH
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Current sense resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Switchable current sense resistor – example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
V
SENSE
measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
VND5012A current sense voltage behavior – hard short to GND occurred (20 mΩ), thermal
shutdown was reached 344 ms after short-circuit to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Analogue HSD – Circuit for open load detection in off-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Analogue HSD – Open load detection in off-state (M0-5Enhanced) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Digital HSD diagnostics – timing overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Inductive load – HSD turn-on phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Inductive load – turn-on example: VNQ5E050AK, L=260 mH, R=81
Ω
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Inductive load – HSD turn-off phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Inductive load – turn off example: VNQ5E050AK, L=260 mH, R=81
Ω
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Maximum turn-off current versus inductance – VND5E160AJ datasheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Maximum demagnetization energy – VND5E160A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Demagnetization energy measurement – VND5E160AJ, relay 260 mH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
External clamping - transil and diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Transil – V/A characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Peak pulse power vs pulse time (for transil 600 W@10/1000 µs series) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Equivalent pulses giving the same power dissipation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Maximum peak power as a function of initial temperature of the transil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Maximum turn-off current versus inductance – VN5E025AJ datasheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Doc ID 023520 Rev 2
5/87
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