TR1001
•
•
•
•
•
Designed for Short-Range Wireless Data Communications
Supports RF Data Transmission Rates Up to 115.2 kbps
3 V, Low Current Operation plus Sleep Mode
Stable, Easy to Use, Low External Parts Count
Complies with Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS)
The TR1001 hybrid transceiver is ideal for short-range wireless data applications where robust operation,
small size, low power consumption and low cost are required. The TR1001 employs RFM’s amplifier-
sequenced hybrid (ASH) architecture to achieve this unique blend of characteristics. All critical RF functions
are contained in the hybrid, simplifying and speeding design-in. The receiver section of the TR1001 is
sensitive and stable. A wide dynamic range log detector, in combination with digital AGC and a compound
data slicer, provide robust performance in the presence of on-channel interference or noise. Two stages of
SAW filtering provide excellent receiver out-of-band rejection. The transmitter includes provisions for both on-
off keyed (OOK) and amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) modulation. The transmitter employs SAW filtering to
suppress output harmonics, facilitating compliance with ETSI I-ETS 300 220 and similar regulations.
868.35 MHz
Hybrid
Transceiver
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Rating
Power Supply and All Input/Output Pins
Non-Operating Case Temperature
Soldering Temperature (10 seconds / 5 cycles max.)
Value
-0.3 to +4.0
-50 to +100
260
Units
V
°C
°C
SM-20H Case
Electrical Characteristics
Characteristic
Operating Frequency
Modulation Types
OOK Data Rate
ASK Data Rate
Receiver Performance, High Sensitivity Mode
Sensitivity, 2.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 2.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 2.4 kbps (R
PR
= 330 K)
Sensitivity, 19.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 19.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 19.2 kbps (R
PR
= 330 K)
Sensitivity, 115.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 115.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 115.2 kbps
Receiver Performance, Low Current Mode
Sensitivity, 2.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 2.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 2.4 kbps (R
PR
= 1100 K)
Receiver Out-of-Band Rejection, ±5% fo
Receiver Ultimate Rejection
R
±5%
R
ULT
1
1
2
3
3
-104
-98
1.8
80
100
dBm
dBm
mA
dB
dB
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
-106
-100
3.0
-101
-95
3.1
-97
-91
3.8
dBm
dBm
mA
dBm
dBm
mA
dBm
dBm
mA
Sym
f
o
Notes
Minimum
868.15
Typical
OOK & ASK
Maximum
868.55
Units
MHz
30
115.2
kbps
kbps
www.RFM.com
E-mail: info@rfm.com
© 2008-2012 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Page 1 of 12
TR1001 - 10/8/12
Electrical Characteristics (typical values given for 3.0 Vdc power supply, 25 °C)
Characteristic
Sym
Notes
Minimum
Transmitter Performance
Peak RF Output Power, 450 µA TXMOD Current
Peak Current, 450 µA TXMOD Current
2nd - 4th Harmonic Outputs
5th - 10th Harmonic Outputs
Non-harmonic Spurious Outputs
OOK Turn On/Turn Off Times
ASK Output Rise/Fall Times
Sleep Mode Current
Power Supply Voltage Range
Power Supply Voltage Ripple
Ambient Operating Temperature
T
A
-40
t
ON
/t
OFF
t
TR
/t
TF
I
S
V
CC
2.2
P
O
I
TP
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
Typical
1.5
12
Maximum
Units
dBm
mA
-50
-55
-50
12/6
1.1/1.1
0.7
3.7
10
85
dBm
dBm
dBm
µs
µs
µA
Vdc
mV
P-P
°C
CAUTION: Electrostatic Sensitive Device. Observe precautions for handling.
Notes:
1.
Typical sensitivity data is based on a 10
-3
bit error rate (BER), using DC-balanced data. There are two test methods commonly used to measure OOK/ASK
receiver sensitivity, the “100% AM” test method and the “Pulse” test method. Sensitivity data is given for both test methods. See Appendix 3.8 in the
ASH
Transceiver Designer’s Guide
for the details of each test method, and for sensitivity curves for a 2.2 to 3.7 V supply voltage range at five operating
temperatures. The application/test circuit and component values are shown on the next page and in the
Designer’s Guide.
At low data rates it is possible to adjust the ASH pulse generator to trade-off some receiver sensitivity for lower operating current. Sensitivity data and receiver
current are given at 2.4 kbps for both high sensitivity operation (R
PR
= 330 K) and low current operation (R
PR
= 1100 K).
Data is given with the ASH radio matched to a 50 ohm load. Matching component values are given on the next page.
See Table 1 on Page 8 for additional information on ASH radio event timing.
2.
3.
4.
S M -2 0 H P a c k a g e D r a w in g
*
+
,
-
ASH Transceiver Pin Out
)
GND1
1
VCC1 2
AGCCAP 3
PKDET 4
BBOUT 5
CMPIN 6
RXDATA 7
TXMOD 8
LPFADJ 9
10 11
GND2
RREF
20
RFIO
.
0
19 GND3
18 CNTRL0
17 CNTRL1
16 VCC2
15 PWIDTH
14 PRATE
13 THLD1
12 THLD2
/
Dimension
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
mm
Min
9.881
6.731
1.778
1.651
0.381
0.889
3.175
1.397
Inches
Max
10.135
6.985
2.032
1.905
0.635
1.143
3.429
1.651
Nom
10.033
6.858
1.930
1.778
0.508
1.016
3.302
1.524
Min
.389
.265
.070
.065
.015
.035
.125
.055
Nom
.395
.270
.076
.070
.020
.040
.130
.060
Max
.400
.275
.080
.075
.025
.045
.135
.065
www.RFM.com
E-mail: info@rfm.com
© 2008-2012 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Page 2 of 12
TR1001 - 10/8/12
ASH Transceiver Application Circuit
OOK Configuration
+3
VDC
C
RFB2
C
DCB
+
ASH Transceiver Application Circuit
ASK Configuration
+3
VDC
C
RFB2
C
DCB
+
T/R
R
PW
R
PR
R
TH1
TR Mode
Control
13
12
THLD
2
RREF
R
PW
R
PR
R
TH1
19
18
CNT
RL0
17
CNT
RL1
16
VCC
2
15
14
19
18
CNT
RL0
17
CNT
RL1
16
VCC
2
15
14
13
12
THLD
2
RREF
L
AT
20
R
TH2
GND
3
RFIO
P
P
THLD
WIDTH RATE
1
L
AT
11
TOP VIEW
GND1
VCC
1
2
AGC
CAP
3
PK
DET
4
BB
OUT
5
CMP
IN
6
RX
DATA
7
R
REF
20
GND
3
RFIO
P
P
THLD
WIDTH RATE
1
L
ESD
TOP VIEW
GND1
VCC
1
2
AGC
CAP
3
PK
DET
4
BB
OUT
5
CMP
IN
6
RX
DATA
7
11
R
REF
1
GND2
10
TX
LPF
MOD
ADJ
8
9
L
ESD
1
GND2
10
TX
LPF
MOD
ADJ
8
9
L
RFB
R
BBO
+3
VDC
C
RFB1
C
LPF
C
BBO
R
TXM
R
LPF
L
RFB
C
BBO
C
RFB1
Modulation Input
Data Output
R
LPF
R
TXM
+3
VDC C
C
PKD
AGC
Modulation Input
Data Output
Tranceiver Set-Up, 3.0 Vdc, -40 to +85 °C
Item
Symbol
Encoded Data Rate
Minimum Signal Pulse
Maximum Signal Pulse
AGCCAP Capacitor
PKDET Capacitor
BBOUT Capacitor
BBOUT Resistor
LPFAUX Capacitor
TXMOD Resistor
LPFADJ Resistor
RREF Resistor
THLD2 Resistor
THLD1 Resistor
PRATE Resistor
PWIDTH Resistor
DC Bypass Capacitor
RF Bypass Capacitor 1
RF Bypass Capacitor 2
RF Bypass Bead
Antenna Tuning Inductor
Shunt Tuning/ESD Inductor
DR
NOM
SP
MIN
SP
MAX
C
AGC
C
PKD
C
BBO
R
BBO
C
LPF
R
TXM
R
LPF
R
REF
R
TH2
R
TH1
R
PR
R
PW
C
DCB
C
RFB1
C
RFB2
L
RFB
L
AT
L
ESD
OOK
2.4
416.67
1666.68
-
-
0.1
12
0.0047
4.7
330
100
-
0
330
270 to GND
4.7
27
100
Fair-Rite
10
100
OOK
19.2
52.08
208.32
-
-
0.015
0
-
4.7
100
100
-
0
330
270 to GND
4.7
27
100
Fair-Rite
10
100
ASK
115.2
8.68
34.72
2200
0.001
0.0027
0
-
4.7
15
100
100
10
160
1000 to Vcc
4.7
27
100
Fair-Rite
10
100
Units
kbps
µs
µs
pF
µF
µF
K
µF
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
µF
pF
pF
vendor
nH
nH
Notes
see page 1& 2
single bit
4 bits of same value
±10% ceramic
±10% ceramic
±10% ceramic
±5%
±5%
±5%, for 1.5 dBm output
±5%
±1%
±1%, for 6 dB below peak
±1%, typical values
±5%
±5%
tantalum
±5% NPO
±5% NPO
2506033017YO or equivalent
50 ohm antenna
50 ohm antenna
www.RFM.com
E-mail: info@rfm.com
© 2008-2012 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Page 3 of 12
TR1001 - 10/8/12
ASH Transceiver Theory of Operation
Introduction
RFM’s amplifier-sequenced hybrid (ASH) transceiver is specifically
designed for short-range wireless data communication
applications. The transceiver provides robust operation, very small
size, low power consumption and low implementation cost. All
critical RF functions are contained in the hybrid, simplifying and
speeding design-in. The ASH transceiver can be readily
configured to support a wide range of data rates and protocol
requirements. The transceiver features excellent suppression of
transmitter harmonics and virtually no RF emissions when
receiving, making it easy to certify to short- range (unlicensed)
radio regulations.
Amplifier-Sequenced Receiver Operation
The ASH transceiver’s unique feature set is made possible by its
system architecture. The heart of the transceiver is the amplifier-
sequenced receiver section, which provides more than 100 dB of
stable RF and detector gain without any special shielding or
decoupling provisions. Stability is achieved by distributing the total
RF gain over
time.
This is in contrast to a superheterodyne
receiver, which achieves stability by distributing total RF gain over
multiple frequencies.
Figure 1 shows the basic block diagram and timing cycle for an
amplifier-sequenced receiver. Note that the bias to RF amplifiers
RFA1 and RFA2 are independently controlled by a pulse
generator, and that the two amplifiers are coupled by a surface
acoustic wave (SAW) delay line, which has a typical delay of 0.5
µs.
An incoming RF signal is first filtered by a narrow-band SAW filter,
and is then applied to RFA1. The pulse generator turns RFA1 ON
for 0.5 µs. The amplified signal from RFA1 emerges from the SAW
delay line at the input to RFA2. RFA1 is now switched OFF and
RFA2 is switched ON for 0.55 µs, amplifying the RF signal further.
The ON time for RFA2 is usually set at 1.1 times the ON time for
RFA1, as the filtering effect of the SAW delay line stretches the
signal pulse from RFA1 somewhat. As shown in the timing
diagram, RFA1 and RFA2 are never on at the same time, assuring
excellent receiver stability. Note that the narrow-band SAW filter
eliminates sampling sideband responses outside of the receiver
passband, and the SAW filter and delay line act together to provide
very high receiver ultimate rejection.
Amplifier-sequenced receiver operation has several interesting
characteristics that can be exploited in system design. The RF
amplifiers in an amplifier-sequenced receiver can be turned on and
off almost instantly, allowing for very quick power-down (sleep)
and wake-up times. Also, both RF amplifiers can be off between
ON sequences to trade-off receiver noise figure for lower average
current consumption. The effect on noise figure can be modeled as
if RFA1 is on continuously, with an attenuator placed in front of it
with a loss equivalent to 10*log
10
(RFA1 duty factor), where the
duty factor is the average amount of time RFA1 is ON (up to 50%).
ASH Receiver Block Diagram & Timing Cycle
Antenna
SAW Filter
RFA1
P1
SAW
Delay Line
RFA2
P2
Detector &
Low-Pass
Filter
Data
Out
Pulse
Generator
RF Input
RF Data Pulse
t
PW1
P1
RFA1 Out
t
PRI
t
PRC
Delay Line
Out
t
PW2
P2
Figure 1
www.RFM.com
E-mail: info@rfm.com
© 2008-2012 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Page 4 of 12
TR1001 - 10/8/12
ASH Transceiver Block Diagram
TX
IN
CN CN
TRL1 TRL0
VCC1: Pin 2
VCC2: Pin 16
GND1: Pin 1
GND2: Pin 10
GND3: Pin 19
RREF: Pin 11
CMPIN: Pin 6
R
TXM
8
17
Modulation
& Bias Control
TXMOD
18
Power Down
Control
Antenna
RFIO
20
Tuning
Tuning/ESD
TXA2
TXA1
Log
BBOUT
Ref
DS2
SAW
CR Filter
RFA1
SAW
Delay Line
RFA2
Detector
Low-Pass
Filter
LPFADJ 9
R
LPF
BB
5
C
BBO
6
Peak
Detector
PKDET 4
C
PKD
dB Below
Peak Thld
AND
7
RXDATA
AGC Set
Gain Select
AGC
Ref
AGC
Control
AGCCAP 3
C
AGC
AGC Reset
13
R
TH1
DS1
Thld
Threshold
Control
Pulse Generator
& RF Amp Bias
PRATE 14
R
PR
15 PWIDTH
R
PW
THLD1
11
12
R
TH2
THLD2
R
REF
Figure 2
Since an amplifier-sequenced receiver is inherently a sampling
receiver, the overall cycle time between the start of one RFA1 ON
sequence and the start of the next RFA1 ON sequence should be
set to sample the narrowest RF data pulse at least 10 times.
Otherwise, significant edge jitter will be added to the detected data
pulse.
ASH Transceiver Block Diagram
Figure 2 is the general block diagram of the ASH transceiver.
Please refer to Figure 2 for the following discussions.
Antenna Port
The only external RF components needed for the transceiver are
the antenna and its matching components. Antennas presenting
an impedance in the range of 35 to 72 ohms resistive can be
satisfactorily matched to the RFIO pin with a series matching coil
and a shunt matching/ESD protection coil. Other antenna
impedances can be matched using two or three components. For
some impedances, two inductors and a capacitor will be required.
A DC path from RFIO to ground is required for ESD protection.
Receiver Chain
The output of the SAW filter drives amplifier RFA1. This amplifier
includes provisions for detecting the onset of saturation (AGC Set),
and for switching between 35 dB of gain and 5 dB of gain (Gain
Select). AGC Set is an input to the AGC Control function, and Gain
Select is the AGC Control function output. ON/OFF control to
RFA1 (and RFA2) is generated by the Pulse Generator & RF Amp
Bias function. The output of RFA1 drives the SAW delay line, which
has a nominal delay of 0.5 µs.
The second amplifier, RFA2, provides 51 dB of gain below
saturation. The output of RFA2 drives a full-wave detector with
19 dB of threshold gain. The onset of saturation in each section of
RFA2 is detected and summed to provide a logarithmic response.
This is added to the output of the full-wave detector to produce an
overall detector response that is square law for low signal levels,
and transitions into a log response for high signal levels. This
combination provides excellent threshold sensitivity and more than
70 dB of detector dynamic range. In combination with the 30 dB of
AGC range in RFA1, more than 100 dB of receiver dynamic range
is achieved.
The detector output drives a gyrator filter. The filter provides a
three-pole, 0.05 degree equiripple low-pass response with
excellent group delay flatness and minimal pulse ringing. The 3 dB
bandwidth of the filter can be set from 4.5 kHz to 1.8 MHz with an
external resistor.
The filter is followed by a base-band amplifier which boosts the
detected signal to the BBOUT pin. When the receiver RF amplifiers
are operating at a 50%-50% duty cycle, the BBOUT signal
changes about 10 mV/dB, with a peak-to-peak signal level of up to
685 mV. For lower duty cycles, the mV/dB slope and peak-to-peak
signal level are proportionately less. The detected signal is riding
on a 1.1 Vdc level that varies somewhat with supply voltage,
temperature, etc. BBOUT is coupled to the CMPIN pin or to an
external data recovery process (DSP, etc.) by a series capacitor.
The correct value of the series capacitor depends on data rate,
data run length, and other factors as discussed in the
ASH
Transceiver Designer’s Guide.
When an external data recovery process is used with AGC,
BBOUT must be coupled to the external data recovery process
and CMPIN by separate series coupling capacitors. The AGC
reset function is driven by the signal applied to CMPIN.
www.RFM.com
E-mail: info@rfm.com
© 2008-2012 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Page 5 of 12
TR1001 - 10/8/12
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