High Gain Darlington Output
Optocouplers
Technical Data
4N45
4N46
Features
• High Current Transfer
Ratio–1500% Typical
• Low Input Current
Requirement–0.5 mA
• Performance Guaranteed
over 0
°
C to 70
°
C
Temperature Range
• Internal Base-Emitter
Resistor Minimizes Output
Leakage
• Gain-Bandwidth Adjustment
Pin
• Safety Approval
UL Recognized -2500 V rms for
1 Minute
CSA Approved
Description
The 4N45/46 optocouplers
contain a GaAsP light emitting
diode optically coupled to a high
gain photodetector IC.
The excellent performance over
temperature results from the
inclusion of an integrated emitter-
base bypass resistor which shunts
photodiode and first stage
leakage currents as well as
bleeding off excess base drive to
ground. External access to the
second stage base provides the
capability for better noise
rejection than a conventional
photodarlington detector. An
external resistor or capacitor at
the base can be added to make a
gain-bandwidth or input current
threshold adjustment. The base
lead can also be used for
feedback.
The high current transfer ratio at
very low input currents permits
circuit designs in which adequate
margin can be allowed for the
effects of optical coupling
variations.
The 4N46 has a 350% minimum
CTR at an input current of only
0.5 mA making it ideal for use in
low input current applications
such as MOS, CMOS and low
power logic interfacing. Compat-
ibility with high voltage CMOS
logic systems is assured by the
20 V minimum breakdown
voltage of the output transistor
and by the guaranteed maximum
output leakage (I
OH
) at 18 V.
The 4N45 has a 250% minimum
CTR at 1.0 mA input current and
a 7 V minimum breakdown
voltage rating.
Selection for lower input current
down to 250
µA
is available upon
request.
Applications
• Telephone Ring Detector
• Digital Logic Ground
Isolation
• Low Input Current Line
Receiver
• Line Voltage Status
Indicator–Low Input Power
Dissipation
• Logic to Reed Relay Interface
• Level Shifting
• Interface Between Logic
Families
Functional Diagram
TRUTH TABLE
(POSITIVE LOGIC)
ANODE 1
6 V
B
LED
ON
OUTPUT
L
H
CATHODE 2
5 V
O
OFF
3
4 GND
*JEDEC Registered Data
**JEDEC Registered up to 70°C.
CAUTION: It is advised that normal static precautions be taken in handling and assembly of this component to
prevent damage and/or degradation which may be induced by ESD.
1-434
5965-3576E
Ordering Information
Specify part number followed by Option Number (if desired).
4N45#
XXX
300 = Gull Wing Surface Mount Lead Option
500 = Tape/Reel Package Option (1 K min)
Option data sheets available. Contact your Hewlett-Packard sales representative or authorized distributor for
information.
Schematic
1
ANODE
+
V
F
CATHODE
–
2
4
TRUTH TABLE
(POSITIVE LOGIC)
LED
OUTPUT
ON
L
OFF
H
I
F
I
O
5
V
O
Outline Drawing
9.40 (0.370)
9.90 (0.390)
6
5
4
TYPE
NUMBER
DATE CODE
RU
3
6.10 (0.240)
6.60 (0.260)
UL
RECOGNITION
7.36 (0.290)
7.88 (0.310)
0.20 (0.008)
0.33 (0.013)
HPXXXX
YYWW
GND
5° TYP.
6
V
B
PIN
ONE
DOT
1
2
1.78 (0.070) MAX.
4.70 (0.185) MAX.
ANODE 1
6
V
B
(0.020)
(0.040)
2.66 (0.105) MIN.
0.45 (0.018)
0.65 (0.025)
2.28 (0.090)
2.80 (0.110)
CATHODE 2
5
V
O
GND
3
2.16 (0.085)
2.54 (0.100)
4
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS AND (INCHES).
Outline Drawing – Option 300
9.65 ± 0.25
(0.380 ± 0.010)
PAD LOCATION (FOR REFERENCE ONLY)
6.35 ± 0.25
(0.250 ± 0.010)
4.826
(0.190)
TYP.
9.398 (0.370)
9.906 (0.390)
1.194 (0.047)
1.778 (0.070)
9.65 ± 0.25
(0.380 ± 0.010)
7.62 ± 0.25
(0.300 ± 0.010)
0.381 (0.015)
0.635 (0.025)
1.78
(0.070)
MAX.
4.19
MAX.
(0.165)
0.635 ± 0.130
(0.025 ± 0.005)
0.20 (0.008)
0.30 (0.013)
2.29
(0.090)
2.54
(0.100)
TYP.
0.635 ± 0.25
(0.025 ± 0.010)
12° NOM.
[3] [5]
DIMENSIONS IN mm (INCHES)
TOLERANCES: xx.xx = 0.01
xx.xxx = 0.001
(unless otherwise specified)
LEAD COPLANARITY
MAXIMUM: 0.102 (0.004)
4N45 Outline – Option 300
1-435
Thermal Profile (Option #300)
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
1
∆T
= 145°C, 1°C/SEC
∆T
= 115°C, 0.3°C/SEC
Regulatory Information
The 4N45 and 4N46 have been
approved by the following
regulatory organizations:
UL
Recognized under UL 1577,
Component Recognition
Program, File E55361.
TEMPERATURE – °C
∆T
= 100°C, 1.5°C/SEC
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
TIME – MINUTES
Figure 1. Maximum Solder Reflow Thermal Profile.
(Note: Use of non-chlorine activated fluxes is recommended.)
CSA
Approved under CSA Component
Acceptance Notice #5, File CA
88324.
Insulation and Safety Related Specifications
Parameter
Min. External Air Gap
(External Clearance)
Min. External Tracking Path
(External Creepage)
Min. Internal Plastic Gap
(Internal Clearance)
Symbol
L(IO1)
L(IO2)
Value Units
7.1
7.4
0.08
mm
mm
mm
Conditions
Measured from input terminals to output
terminals, shortest distance through air
Measured from input terminals to output
terminals, shortest distance path along body
Through insulation distance, conductor to
conductor, usually the direct distance
between the photoemitter and photodetector
inside the optocoupler cavity
DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303 PART 1
Material Group (DIN VDE 0110, 1/89, Table 1)
Tracking Resistance
(Comparative Tracking Index)
Isolation Group
CTI
200
IIIa
Volts
Option 300 – surface mount classification is Class A in accordance with CECC 00802.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Storage Temperature, T
S
............................................. -55°C to +125°C
Operating Temperature, T
A
........................................... -40°C to +85°C
Lead Solder Temperature, max .......................................... 260°C for 10 s
(1.6 mm below seating plane)
Average Input Current, I
F
......................................................... 20 mA
[1]
Peak Input Current, I
F
................................................................... 40 mA
(50% duty cycle, 1 ms pulse width)
Peak Transient Input Current, I
F
...................................................... 1.0 A
(≤ 1
µs
pulse width, 300 pps)
Reverse Input Voltage, V
R
................................................................. 5 V
Input Power Dissipation, P
I
.................................................... 35 mW
[2]
Output Current, I
O
(Pin 5) ...................................................... 60 mA
[3]
Emitter-Base Reverse Voltage (Pins 4-6) .......................................... 0.5 V
Output Voltage, V
O
(Pin 5-4)
4N45 ................................................................................. -0.5 to 7 V
4N46 ............................................................................... -0.5 to 20 V
Output Power Dissipation ..................................................... 100 mW
[4]
Infrared and Vapor Phase Reflow Temperature
(Option #300) .......................................... see Fig. 1, Thermal Profile
1-436
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter
Output Voltage (4N46)
Output Voltage (4N45)
Input Current (High)
Input Voltage (Low)
Operating Temperature
Symbol
V
O
I
F(ON)
V
F(OFF)
T
A
Min.
4.5
4.5
0.5
0
0
Max.
20
7
10
0.8
70
Units
V
V
mA
V
°C
DC Electrical Specifications
Over recommended temperature (T
A
= 0°C to 70°C), unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Current Transfer
Ratio
Device Symbol Min.
4N46
CTR
350*
500*
200*
4N45
250*
200*
4N46
V
OL
Typ.*
1500
1500
600
1200
500
0.90
0.92
0.95
0.90
0.95
0.001
0.001
1.4
Max. Units
Test Conditions
Fig. Note
3200 %
I
F
= 0.5 mA, V
O
= 1.0 V
3, 4, 5, 6,
2000
I
F
= 1.0 mA, V
O
= 1.0 V
5, 11,
8
1000
I
F
= 10 mA, V
O
= 1.2 V
12
2000 %
I
F
= 1.0 mA, V
O
= 1.0 V
1000
I
F
= 10 mA, V
O
= 1.2 V
1.0
V
I
F
= 0.5 mA, I
OL
= 1.75 mA
3
6
1.0
I
F
= 1.0 mA, I
OL
= 5.0 mA
1.2
I
F
= 10 mA, I
OL
= 20 mA
1.0
V
I
F
= 1.0 mA, I
OL
= 2.5 mA
1.2
I
F
= 10 mA, I
OL
= 20 mA
100
µA
I
F
= 0 mA, V
O
= 18 V
6
250
µA
I
F
= 0 mA, V
O
= 5 V
1.7*
V
T
A
= 25°C I
F
= 1.0 mA
2
1.75
-1.8
mV/°C I
F
= 1.0 mA
V
60
pF
I
R
= 10
µA
f = 1 MHz, V
F
= 0
Logic Low
Output Voltage
4N45
Logic High
Output Current
4N46
4N45
Input Forward Voltage
Temperature Coefficient
of Forward Voltage
Input Reverse Breakdown
Voltage
Input Capacitance
I
OH
*
V
F
∆V
F
∆T
A
BV
R
*
C
IN
5
Switching Specifications
(Over recommended temperature T
A
= 0°C to 70°C unless otherwise specified. V
CC
= 5.0 V.
Parameter
Symbol Min. Typ.* Max. Units
Test Conditions
Fig. Note
Propagation Delay Time
t
PHL
80
µs
T
A
= 25°C I
F
= 0.5 mA
6, 7,
6, 8
to Logic Low at Output
R
L
= 10 kΩ
8, 9,
11, 13
t
PHL
5
50*
T
A
= 25°C I
F
= 10 mA
60
R
L
= 2.2 kΩ
Propagation Delay Time
t
PLH
1500
µs
T
A
= 25°C I
F
= 10 mA
6, 7,
6, 8
to Logic High at Output
R
L
= 10 kΩ
8, 9,
11, 13
t
PLH
150 500*
T
A
= 25°C I
F
= 10 mA
600
R
L
= 220 kΩ
Common Mode
|CM
H
|
500
V/µs
I
F
= 0 mA, R
L
= 10 kΩ
10
9
Transient Immunity at
|V
CM
| = 10 V
P-P
High Output Level
Common Mode
|CM
L
|
500
V/µs
I
F
= 1.0 mA, R
L
= 10 kΩ
10
9
Transient Immunity at
|V
CM
| = 10 V
P-P
Low Output Level
*JEDEC Registered Data.
**All typicals at T
A
= 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
1-437
Package Characteristics
For 0°C
≤
T
A
≤
70°C, unless otherwise specified. All typicals at T
A
= 25°C.
Parameter
Symbol Min.
Input-Output Momentary
V
ISO
2500
Withstand Voltage*
Resistance, Input-Output
R
I-O
Capacitance, Input-Output
C
I-O
Typ.
Max. Units
V rms
Ω
pF
Test Conditions
RH
≤
50%, t = 1 min,
T
A
= 25°C
V
I-O
= 500 Vdc
f = 1 MHz
Fig. Notes
7, 10
7
7
10
12
0.6
*The Input-Output Momentary Withstand Voltage is a dielectric voltage rating that should not be interpreted as an input-output
continuous voltage rating. For the continuous voltage rating refer to the VDE 0884 Insulation Characteristics Table (if applicable),
your equipment level safety specification, or HP Application Note 1074, “Optocoupler Input-Output Endurance Voltage.”
Notes:
1. Derate linearly above 50°C free-air
temperature at a rate of 0.4 mA/°C.
2. Derate linearly above 50°C free-air
temperature at a rate of 0.7 mW/°C.
3. Derate linearly above 25°C free-air
temperature at a rate of 0.8 mA/°C.
4. Derate linearly above 25°C free-air
temperature at a rate of 1.5 mW/°C.
5. DC CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO is
defined as the ratio of output
collector current, I
O
, to the forward
LED input current, I
F
, times 100%.
6. Pin 6 Open.
7. Device considered a two-terminal
device: Pins 1, 2, 3 shorted together
and Pins 4, 5, and 6 shorted together.
8. Use of a resistor between pin 4 and 6
will decrease gain and delay time.
(See Figures 11, 12, and 13.)
9. Common mode transient immunity in
Logic High level is the maximum
tolerable (positive) dV
cm
/dt on the
leading edge of the common mode
pulse, V
CM
, to assure that the output
will remain in a Logic High state (i.e.,
V
O
> 2.5 V). Common mode transient
immunity in Logic Low level is the
maximum tolerable (negative)
dV
cm
/dt on the trailing edge of the
common mode pulse signal, V
cm
, to
assure that the output will remain in
a Logic Low state (i.e., V
O
< 2.5 V).
10. In accordance with UL 1577, each
optocoupler is proof tested by
applying an insulation test voltage
≥
3000 V rms for 1 second (leakage
detection current limit, I
I-O
≤
5
µA).
Figure 2. Input Diode Forward
Current vs. Forward Voltage.
Figure 3. Typical DC Transfer
Characteristics.
Figure 4. Output Current vs. Input
Current.
V
CC
= 5 V
V
CC
= 5 V
Figure 5. Current Transfer Ratio vs.
Input Current.
Figure 6. Propagation Delay vs.
Forward Current.
Figure 7. Propagation Delay vs.
Temperature.
1-438
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