19-0914; Rev 1; 12/94
AC-to-DC Regulator
(110/220VAC to 5.0VDC)
_______________General Description
The MAX610/MAX611/MAX612 AC-to-DC power convert-
ers reduce the component count, size, and weight of 1/4
watt power supplies, thus minimizing the overall cost and
simplifying designs. With an 8V
RMS
input voltage, the
MAX610 needs only a single filter capacitor to make a
complete 5V, 50mA power supply. With the addition of a
current-limiting resistor and a current-limiting capacitor, the
MAX610 connects directly to the 110VAC or 220VAC
power line to make a minimum component count
110/220VAC to 5VDC power supply.
The devices in the MAX610 family differ in three respects:
full- or half-wave rectification, 12V or 18V zener voltage,
and the assignment of pin 4 to the function of setting the
output voltage or setting the time delay. The MAX610 has
a full-wave rectifier, a 12V zener, and the output voltage is
either the internally preset +5V or user adjustable from
+1.3V to +9V. The MAX611 has a half-wave rectifier, a 12V
zener, a fixed +5V output, and pin 4 controls the time delay
of the reset output. The MAX612 has a full-wave rectifier,
an 18V zener, and the output voltage is either the internally
preset +5V or user adjustable from +1.3V to +15V
The low-cost MAX610 family is ideal for applications where
the size, weight, and component count of 1/4 watt power
supplies must be reduced. Reliable power-up reset and
over/undervoltage detection make these devices well suited
for microprocessor-based controllers.
____________________________Features
o
Direct 110/220VAC to 5VDC Conversion
o
Minimum External Component Count
o
Output Voltage Preset to 5V ±4%
o
70µA Typical Quiescent Current
o
Over/Undervoltage Detection
o
Power-Up Reset Circuit with Programmable Delay
o
Programmable Current Limiting
o
Programmable Output Voltage: 1.3V to 15V
MAX610/MAX611/MAX612
______________Ordering Information
PART
MAX610CPA
MAX610CSA
MAX611CPA
MAX611CSA
MAX612CPA
MAX612CSA
TEMP. RANGE
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
PIN-PACKAGE
8 Plastic DIP
8 SO
8 Plastic DIP
8 SO
8 Plastic DIP
8 SO
________________________Applications
Minimum-Component-Count Power Supplies
Uninterruptible 5V Power Supplies
Precision Battery Chargers
Line-Powered Appliances
Industrial Controls
Off-Line Instruments
Triac Output Power Controllers
_________________Pin Configurations
TOP VIEW
AC2 1
V- 2
OUV 3
V
SET
4
8
7
V+
AC1
V
OUT
V
SENSE
MAX610
MAX612
6
5
__________Typical Operating Circuit
+5V DC
OUTPUT
DIP/SO
AC1
110/220VAC
INPUT
AC2
V
SET
V-
V
SENSE
N.C. 1
8
7
V+
AC1
V
OUT
V
SENSE
V
OUT
MAX610
OUV
V+
TO
µP
RESET
V- 2
OUV 3
RD 4
MAX611
6
5
+12V DC
OUTPUT
DIP/SO
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
1
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800
AC-to-DC Regulator
(110/220VAC to 5.0VDC)
MAX610/MAX611/MAX612
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Operating Temperature Range...............................0°C to +70°C
Maximum Junction Temperature ....................................+125°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C
Power Dissipation at +70°C
Input Current
MAX611
AC1, V-: 250µs non-repetitive pulse ...................................5A
AC1, V-: continuous...............................................180mA
RMS
V+....................................................................................60mA
MAX610, MAX612
AC1, AC2: 250µs non-repetitive pulse................................5A
AC1, AC2: continuous .........................................120mA RMS
V+....................................................................................60mA
All Other Terminals............................................................10mA
Input Voltage
MAX610/MAX611 (Note 1)
AC1, AC2 ........................................................................11.5V
V+....................................................................................10.8V
MAX612
AC1, AC2 ...........................................................................17V
V+....................................................................................16.2V
CUV..............................................................(V- - 0.3V) to -16V
All Other Terminals ...........................(V- - 0.3V) to (V+ + 0.3V)
Output Current
V+, V
OUT
.........................................................................60mA
OUV.................................................................................10mA
Note 1:
The maximum input voltage may be exceeded if the maximum input current and power dissipation specifications are observed.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= +25°C, V+ = 10V, R
SENSE
= 0Ω, V
SET
connected to V-, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
Diode Forward Voltage
Zener Voltage
Zener Dynamic Resistance
SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Preset Output Voltage
Temperature Coefficient
of Output Voltage
Internal Voltage Reference
Line Regulation (DC Input)
V
OUT
∆V
OUT
∆T
V
SET
∆V
OUT
∆V
∆V
OUT
∆VAC
∆V
OUT
∆I
OUT
V+ - V
OUT
I
SET
I+
0.5mA
≤
I
OUT
≤
50mA
T
A
= 0°C to +70°C
MAX610/MAX612
8V
≤
V+
≤
V
Z
I
OUT
= 10mA,
Figures 3, 4
70V
RMS
< V
IN
< 140V
RMS
140V
RMS
< V
IN
< 280V
RMS
T
A
= +25°C
T
A
= 0°C to +70°C
4.80
4.75
5.00
5.00
±100
1.3
0.25
0.001
%/V
0.001
0.6
1.1
0.01
70
2.0
2.0
100
150
Ω
V
nA
µA
5.20
5.25
V
ppm/°C
V
%/V
SYMBOL
V
F
V
Z
R
Z
I
F
= 1mA
I
F
= 50mA
I
Z
= 50mA,
measure at V+
I
Z
= 50mA
MAX610/MAX611
MAX612
MAX610/MAX611
MAX612
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
0.62
1.1
12.4
18.6
6
9
MAX
2.0
UNITS
V
V
Ω
Line Regulation (AC Input)
Output Impedance
Input-Output Voltage Differential
V
SET
Input Current
Supply Current
I
OUT
changing from 1mA to 51mA
I
OUT
= 25mA
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
AC-to-DC Regulator
(110/220VAC to 5.0VDC)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(T
A
= +25°C, V+ = 10V, R
SENSE
= 0Ω, V
SET
connected to V-, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
Overvoltage Detection Voltage
Undervoltage Detection Voltage
OUV Output Leakage
OUV Output Voltage
SYMBOL
V
OUVH
V
OUVL
I
OUV
V
OUV
CONDITIONS
Measured at V
SENSE
Measured at V
SENSE
V
SENSE
= 5V, OUV = 5V
V
SENSE
≥
5.65V or V
SENSE
≤
4.35V,
I
OUV
= 1mA
Figure 9a, MAX611 only,
C3 = 0.01µF
MAX611 only, V+ = V
Z
30
8.0
4.35
MIN
TYP
5.4
4.65
0.001
10
0.4
MAX
5.65
UNITS
V
V
µA
V
MAX610/MAX611/MAX612
Reset Time Delay
Reset Pin Threshold
t
DELAY
V
TH
ms
V
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
PIN
NAME
AC2
(MAX610/612)
1
N.C.
(MAX611)
2
3
V-
OUV
This pin is not connected on the MAX611.
Negative output terminal. This terminal is also an AC input for the half-wave rectifier of the MAX611.
The open-drain pin goes low during undervoltage and overvoltage conditions. The undervoltage and
overvoltage thresholds are fixed at 4.65V (undervoltage) and 5.4V (overvoltage) and do not change,
even if the output voltage is changed via the V
SET
terminal.
Current-limit input. The output short-circuit current limit is 0.6V/R
SENSE
, where R
SENSE
is a current-sens-
ing resistor connected between V
OUT
and V
SENSE.
Positive regulated DC output.
AC input to the internal diode rectifier
An external capacitor connected to the Reset Delay pin determines the Reset Delay period. The
reset time delay is directly proportional to the capacitance connected to this pin; each 0.01µF of
capacitance results in 30 milliseconds of delay. This delay period must elapse before the Reset/OUV
pin goes high after an overvoltage or undervoltage condition (Figure 9).
If the V
SET
terminal is grounded, the MAX610 and MAX612 output voltage will be the preset 5V ±4%.
Alternatively, the V
SET
input can be used to set the output voltage to any voltage from 1.3V to 15V
(MAX612) or 1.3V to 10V (MAX610/MAX611), using a simple resistive voltage divider (Figure 7).
Positive unregulated or raw DC output of the rectifier. The raw DC filter capacitor connects to this
terminal.
FUNCTION
Second AC input to the full- wave bridge rectifier.
5
6
7
V
SENSE
V
OUT
AC1
RD
(MAX611)
4
V
SET
(MAX610/612)
8
V+
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
AC-to-DC Regulator
(110/220VAC to 5.0VDC)
MAX610/MAX611/MAX612
_____________________________________________________________Block Diagrams
OVER/UNDER
VOLTAGE
DETECTOR
OUV
V+
V
OUT
*
* 12.4V ZENER IN MAX610
18.6V ZENER IN MAX612
SERIES
REGULATOR
V
SENSE
V
SET
AC1
12.4V
ZENER
V-
SERIES
REGULATOR
V
OUT
V
SENSE
RESET DELAY
OUV
V+
AC1
V-
AC2
OVER/UNDER
VOLTAGE
DETECTOR
AND DELAY
Figure 1. MAX610/MAX612 Block Diagram
Figure 2. MAX611 Block Diagram
_______________Typical Applications
Simple Line-Powered 5V Supply
Figure 3 shows a 50mA, 5V power supply using the full-
wave MAX610. Typical component values for both
110VAC and 220VAC 50/60Hz operation are shown.
The output of this power supply is
NOT ISOLATED
from the power line:
the MAX610 and any equipment
powered by the MAX610 must be enclosed to avoid
shock hazards.
To avoid a second potential shock
hazard, include the 1MΩ resistor across C1. This resis-
tor will discharge the voltage left on C1 when the
110/220VAC is disconnected.
Transformer-Isolated 5V Power Supply
If isolation from the power line is required, use the
MAX612 in the circuit of Figure 6. The MAX612 must
have an input voltage of at least 8V peak to maintain a
regulated 5V output, but the peak transformer output
voltage must not exceed 17V unless the current is limit-
ed as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The AC input line volt-
age can range from 80V
RMS
to 160V
RMS
with the
8V
RMS
nominal transformer voltage shown.
The MAX612 power dissipation is approximately
(V
IN(peak)
- V
OUT
) x I
LOAD
. With the 8V
RMS
transformer
shown, the power dissipated in the MAX612 limits the
maximum output current to 60mA at +25°C ambient
and 30mA at +70°C.
Resistor R1 limits the peak input current, but is not
needed if the transformer impedance limits the peak
current to a suitable value. As a rule of thumb, R1 can
be omitted if the short-circuit output current of the
transformer is less than 2A.
R1*
47Ω
1/2W
C1*
1.5µF
150V
RMS
110/220VAC to 5V,
Half-Wave Rectification
Figure 4 shows a 50mA, 5V power supply using the half-
wave MAX611. The circuit differs from Figure 3 in that
the 5V output is referenced to one side of the 110VAC
power line. This circuit is generally preferred for sys-
tems that control triacs, where it is desirable to connect
V- to the power line. Note that for a given amount of out-
put current, the value of C1 must be twice the value
used in the full-wave circuit of Figure 3. As with all
MAX610 family circuits that do not use a transformer to
isolate the circuit, this circuit is
NOT ISOLATED
from
the power line.
7
AC1
V
OUT
V
SENSE
6
5
3
+5V
REGULATED
DC
1M
117VAC
60Hz
1
* FOR 220VAC, 50Hz INPUT:
R1 = 100Ω, 1W
C1 = 1µF, 280V
RMS
* FOR 220VAC, 60Hz INPUT:
R1 = 100Ω, 1W
C1 = 0.82µF, 280V
RMS
AC2
V
SET
4
Minimum-Component-Count 10mA,
5V Power Supply
For output currents of less than 10mA, capacitor C1 of
Figure 3 can be omitted, resulting in the circuit shown
in Figure 5. The available output current is determined
by the value of R1. For example, with R1 = 8.2kΩ, the
available output current is 10mA, while the power dissi-
pation in R1 is 1.3W. Double both the resistance value
and the wattage rating of R1 for use with a 220VAC
input.
MAX610
V-
2
C2
47µF
16VDC
OUV
V+
8
TO
µP
RESET
+12VDC
Figure 3. Simple Line-Powered 5V Supply
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
AC-to-DC Regulator
(110/220VAC to 5.0VDC)
MAX610/MAX611/MAX612
R1*
47Ω
1/2W
C1*
2.7µF
150V
RMS
7
6
5
3
TO
µP
RESET
R1
8.2k
2W
+5V
117VAC
V
SENSE
N.C.
N.C.
* FOR 220VAC, 50Hz INPUT:
R1 = 100Ω, 1W
C1 = 1.8µF, 280V
RMS
* FOR 220VAC, 60Hz INPUT:
R1 = 100Ω, 1W
C1 = 1.5µF, 280V
RMS
1
4
AC2
RD
V-
2
V+
8
+12V
100µF
16V
47µF
16V
V
SET
4
V-
2
V+
8
1
AC2
V
SENSE
5
3
TO
µP
RESET
7
V
OUT
6
+5V
AT 10mA
AC1
V
OUT
AC1
117VAC
60Hz
1M
MAX611
OUV
MAX610
OUV
Figure 4. 110/220VAC to 5V, Half-Wave Rectification
Figure 5. Minimum-Component-Count 10mA, 5V Supply
Adjustable Output Voltage
The MAX611 output voltage is fixed at 5V ±4%. The
MAX610 and MAX612 output voltages can be set to 5V
±4% by simply connecting the V
SET
terminal to V-.
Other output voltages can be selected by connecting
an external resistive voltage divider between the output
and V
SET
as shown in Figure 7. Calculate the resistor
values for other voltages using the formula:
R2
)
R3
The maximum input voltage to the MAX612 is limited to
16V, enabling the MAX612 to supply any voltage from
1.3V to 15V. The maximum input voltage to the
MAX610 is 10V, and the MAX610 can supply any out-
put voltage from 1.3V to 9V.
The output voltage of the standard MAX610 is set to 5V
±4% with an undervoltage trip point of 4.65V and an
overvoltage trip point of 5.4V. Other output voltages
are available through fusible link programming. The
overvoltage and undervoltage trip points are fixed at
107% and 93% of the pretrimmed output voltage.
Consult the factory regarding availability and minimum
order requirements for preset voltages other than 5V.
V
OUT
=
1.3V x ( 1
+
I
CURRENT LIMIT
=
0.6V
R
SENSE
When current limiting occurs, the voltage at V
SENSE
will
fall below 4.65V, causing the OUV output to go low.
Power-Up Reset Delay
The MAX611 differs from the MAX610/MAX612 in that its
pin 4 (RD) controls a reset delay period, whereas the
MAX610/MAX612’s pin 4 (V
SET
) is used to adjust the out-
put voltage. Both the MAX610/MAX612’s OUV pin and
the MAX611’s OUV pin go low immediately after the out-
put voltage goes below the undervoltage or above the
overvoltage threshold. The MAX610/MAX612 OUV pin
will go high immediately after the output returns to 5V.
The MAX611 OUV pin will go high only after the output
R1
4.7Ω
7
AC1
V
OUT
V
SENSE
6
5
3
+5VDC
0.01µF
117VAC
8V
RMS
1
AC2
MAX612
OUV
TO
µP
RESET
Output Circuit Current Limiting
Figure 8 shows how a resistor, R
SENSE
, can be added
to any of the above circuits to provide short-circuit cur-
rent-limit protection. A voltage difference between
V
SENSE
and V
OUT
greater than a base-emitter voltage
(approximately 0.6V) activates the MAX610/MAX611/
MAX612 output-current-limit protection circuitry.
V
SET
4
V-
2
V+
8
+10V
UNREGULATED
DC
470µF
25V
Figure 6. Transformer-Isolated 5V Power Supply
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
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