GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Preliminary
Vishay
formerly General Semiconductor
Adjustable Precision Shunt Regulators
SO-8
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
1
2
1
2
3
SOT-23
3
SOT-89
TO-92
S Suffix
U Suffix
X Suffix
1
LP Suffix
2
3
Features
• Programmable Output Voltage to 30V
• Precision
GS431B:
TL431A:
TL431:
Reference Voltage
2.495V ±0.5%
2.495V ±1.0%
2.495V ±1.6%
Description
The GS431B/TL431A/TL431 are 3-terminal adjustable
precision shunt regulators with guaranteed temperature
stability over the applicable extended commercial
temperature range. The output voltage may be set at any
level greater than 2.495V (V
REF
) up to 30V merely by
selecting two external resistors that act as a voltage divider
network. These devices have a typical output impedance of
0.08Ω. Active output circuitry provides very sharp turn-on
characteristics, making these devices excellent improved
replacements for zener diodes in many applications.
The precise ±0.5% reference voltage tolerance of the
GS431B makes it possible in many applications to avoid
the use of a variable resistor, consequently saving cost and
eliminating
drift and reliability problems associated with it.
• Sink Current Capability: 200mA.
• Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation: 250µA
• Equivalent Full-Range Temperature Coefficient:
50 ppm/°C
• Fast Turn-On Response
• Low Dynamic Output Impedance: 0.08Ω
• Low Output Noise
Symbol
CATHODE (C)
Applications
• Voltage Monitor
• Delay Timer
• Constant-Current Source/Sink
• High-Current Shunt Regulator
• Crow Bar
• Over-Voltage/Under-Voltage Protection
REF (R)
ANODE (A)
Mechanical Data
Case:
SO-8, SOT-23, SOT-89, TO-92
High temperature soldering guaranteed:
260°C/10 seconds at terminals
Block Diagram
REF (R)
+
-
2.495V
CATHODE (C)
Case outlines are on the back pages
ANODE (A)
Document Number 74806
1-Jul-02
www.vishay.com
1
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay
formerly General Semiconductor
Ordering Information
Cathode 1
Top View
8 Ref
7 Anode
6 Anode
5 NC
SO-8
GS431BIxx
Package
SO-8:
TO-92:
SOT-89:
SOT-23:
code
S
LP
X
U-1/U-2
U-1: Pin 1, Cathode
Pin 2, V
ref
Pin 3, Anode
U-2: Pin 1, V
ref
Pin 2, Cathode
Pin 3, Anode
Anode 2
Anode 3
NC 4
SOT-23 (U-1)
Top View
1. Cathode
2. Vref
3. Anode
1
3
2
3
SOT-23 (U-2)
TL431xIxx
Tolerance
Default: 1.6%
A:
1.0%
Top View
1. V
ref
2. Cathode
3. Anode
1
Top View
1. V
ref
2. Anode (tab)
3. Cathode
1
Top View
2
2
Package
SO-8:
TO-92:
SOT-89:
SOT-23:
code
S
LP
X
U-1/U-2
SOT-89
3
Marking Information
SOT-23
GS431B,
TL431A,
TL431,
GS431B,
TL431A,
TL431,
(U-1)
(U-1)
(U-1)
(U-2)
(U-2)
(U-2)
DAxxxx
*
DBxxxx
DCxxxx
DDxxxx
DExxxx
DGxxxx
TO-92
1. V
ref
2. Anode
3. Cathode
1
2
3
*
Last two digits denote datecode
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2
Document Number 74806
1-Jul-02
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay
formerly General Semiconductor
Absolute Maximum Ratings
T
Parameter
Cathode voltage
Continuous cathode current
Reference Input Current Range
Operating Temperature Range
Junction Temperature
Lead Temperature
Storage Temperature
Thermal Resistance
A
= 25°C unless otherwise noted.
Symbol
V
Z
I
Z
I
REF
T
oper
T
J
T
L
Tstg
TO-92 Package
SOT-23 Package
SO-8 Package
SOT-89 Package
Value
30
–10 to 250
–0.05 to10
–40 to 85
150
260
–65 to 150
115
310
163
120
Unit
V
mA
mA
°C
°C
°C
°C
R
θJA
°C/W
Electrical Characteristics
T
Parameter
A
= 25°C unless otherwise noted.
Symbol
Test Conditions
V
Z
= V
REF
I
L
= 10mA
(Fig. 1)
T
A
= 25°C
V
Z
= V
REF
I
L
= 10mA
(Fig. 1)
T
A
= –40°C to +85°C
GS431B
TL431A
TL431
GS431B
TL431A
TL431
Min
2.482
2.470
2.455
2.475
2.445
2.43
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Typ
2.495
2.495
2.495
–
–
–
9.0
15.0
0.5
0.35
0.8
–
0.3
Max
2.508
2.520
2.535
2.520
2.545
2.56
20
50
2.0
1.5
3.5
4.5
1.2
Unit
Reference Voltage
V
REF
V
Deviation of reference
Input voltage over temperature
(1)
Ratio of the change in reference voltage
to the change in cathode voltage
Reference input current
Deviation of reference input
current over temperature
Minimum cathode current
for regulation
Off-state current
Dynamic output impedance
(2)
∆V
REF
∆V
REF
∆V
Z
I
REF
T
A
= 0°C to 70°C
V
Z
= V
REF
I
L
= 10mA T
A
= –40°C to +85°C
(Fig. 1)
I
Z
= 10mA
(Fig. 2)
mV
V
Z
= V
REF
~ 10V
V
Z
= 10V ~ 30V
mV/V
µA
T
A
= 25°C
R1 = 10KΩ, R2 =
∞
I
L
= 10mA
(Fig. 2)
T
A
= –40°C to +85°C
R1 = 10KΩ, R2 =
∞
I
L
= 10mA
T
A
= –40°C to +85°C
(Fig. 2)
V
Z
= V
REF
(Fig. 1)
(Fig 3)
αI
REF
µA
I
Z(MIN)
I
Z(OFF)
R
Z
–
–
–
0.25
0.1
0.08
0.5
1.0
0.3
mA
µA
Ω
V
Z
= 30V, V
REF
= 0V
V
Z
= V
REF
, f = 1.0KH
Z
∆IZ
= 1.0mA to 50mA
Document Number 74806
1-Jul-02
www.vishay.com
3
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay
formerly General Semiconductor
IN
IN
I
L
R1
I
L
V
Z
IN
V
Z
I
REF
I
Z
V
REF
R2
I
REF
I
Z
V
REF
I
Z(OFF)
V
Z
Note: V
Z
=V
REF
(1+R1/R2)+I
REF
xR1
f
ff
C
Fig. 1 Test Circuit for V
Z
=V
REF
Fig. 2 Test Circuit for V
Z
>V
REF
Fig. 3 Test Circuit for
off-state current
Note 1.
Deviation of reference input voltage,
∆V
REF
,
is defined as the maximum variation of the reference
input voltage over the full temperature range.
Where:
T
2
– T
1
= full temperature change.
The slope can be positive or negative depending on
whether V
MAX
or V
MIN
occurs at the lower ambient
temperature.
V
MAX
V
DEV
= V
MAX
-V
MIN
V
MIN
Example:
∆V
REF
= 9.0mV, V
REF
= 2495mV,
T
2
- T
1
= 70°C, slope is positive.
αV
REF
=
T
1
TEMPERATURE
T
2
9.0mV
10
6
2495mV
70
°
C
= 50ppm/
°
C
The average temperature coefficient of the reference
input voltage,
αV
REF
is defined as:
±
V
MAX
- V
MIN
V
DEV
10
6
±
10
6
V
REF
(at 25
°
C)
V
REF
(at 25
°
C)
=
T2
–
T1
T2
–
T1
Note 2.
The dynamic output impedance, R
Z
, is
defined as:
∆V
Z
R
Z
=
∆
I
Z
ppm
α
V
REF
=
°
C
When the device is programmed with two external
resistors, R1 and R2, (see Fig. 2), the dynamic output
impedance of the overall circuit, is defined as:
r
z =
∆
Vz
≈
Rz
∆
Iz
1+
R1
R2
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Document Number 74806
1-Jul-02
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay
formerly General Semiconductor
Typical Performance
Characteristics
Fig. 4 – Cathode Current
vs. Cathode Voltage
1000
800
V
Z
= V
REF
T
A
= 25°C
I
Z(MIN)
2.58
2.56
TL431
V
Z
= V
REF
I
Z
= 10mA
Fig. 5 – Reference Voltage
vs. Temperature
Reference Voltage (V)
Cathode Current (µA)
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
-800
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
2.54
2.52
2.50
2.48
2.46
2.44
2.42
V
REF
max
V
REF
typ
V
REF
min
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.40
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Cathode Voltage (V)
Temperature (°C)
Fig. 6 – Reference Input Current
vs. Temperature
1.20
1.15
R1=10KΩ
R2=
∞
I
Z
=10mA
0.28
0.24
Fig. 7 – Dynamic Impedance
vs. Temperature
Reference Input Current (µA)
Dynamic Impedance (Ω)
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.00
--40
V
Z
= V
REF
I
Z
= 1mA to 100mA
F
≤
1KH
Z
80
100
120
--20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
Fig. 8 – Change in Reference Voltage
vs. Cathode Voltage
0
2.5
Fig. 9 – Off-State Cathode Current
vs. Temperature
Off-State Cathode Current (µA)
Change In Reference Voltage (mV)
--2
I
Z
=10mA
T
A
=25°C
2.0
V
Z
=V
REF
V
Z
=30V
1.5
--4
--6
--8
--10
1.0
0.5
--12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0.0
--40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Cathode Voltage (V)
Document Number 74806
1-Jul-02
Temperature (°C)
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