®
TR8100
916.50 MHz
Hybrid
Transceiver
•
•
•
•
Designed for Short-Range Wireless Data Communications
Supports RF Data Transmission Rates Up to 115.2 kbps
3 V, Low Current Operation plus Sleep Mode
Up to 10 mW Transmitter Power under FCC 15.247 Regulations
The TR8100 hybrid transceiver is ideal for short-range wireless data applications where robust
operation, small size, low power consumption and low cost are required. The TR8100 employs
RFM’s amplifier-sequenced hybrid (ASH) architecture to achieve this unique blend of character-
istics. All critical RF functions are contained in the hybrid, simplifying and speeding design-in.
The receiver section of the TR8100 is sensitive and stable. A wide dynamic range log detector,
in combination with digital AGC and a compound data slicer, provide robust performance in the
presence of on-channel interference or noise. Two stages of SAW filtering provide excellent re-
ceiver out-of-band rejection. The transmitter uses an internal “digital modulation” BPSK spread-
ing code, with data carried by either OOK or ASK modulation. The transmitter employs SAW
filtering to suppress output harmonics, facilitating compliance with FCC 15.247 regulations.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Rating
Power Supply and All Input/Output Pins
Non-Operating Case Temperature
Soldering Temperature (10 seconds, 5 cycles maximum)
Value
-0.3 to +4.0
-50 to +100
260
Units
V
°C
°C
Electrical Characteristics
Characteristic
Operating Frequency
Digital Modulation Spreading Code
Data Modulation Type
OOK Data Rate
ASK Data Rate
Receiver Performance
Sensitivity, 4.8 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 4.8 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 4.8 kbps
Sensitivity, 19.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 19.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 19.2 kbps
Sensitivity, 115.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 115.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 115.2 kbps
Receiver Out-of-Band Rejection, ±5% fo
Receiver Ultimate Rejection
R
±5%
R
ULT
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
-108
-102
4.2
-104
-98
4.25
-99
-93
4.3
80
100
dBm
dBm
mA
dBm
dBm
mA
dBm
dBm
mA
dB
dB
Sym
f
o
Notes
Minimum
916.30
BPSK
OOK/ASK
30
115.2
kb/s
kb/s
Typical
Maximum
916.70
Units
MHz
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR8100-021307
Page 1 of 14
Electrical Characteristics (typical values given for 3.0 Vdc power supply, 25 °C)
Characteristic
Transmitter Performance
Peak RF Output Power, 315 µA TXMOD Current
Peak Current, 315 µA TXMOD Current
2nd - 4th Harmonic Outputs
5th - 10th Harmonic Outputs
Non-harmonic Spurious Outputs
OOK Turn On/Turn Off Times
ASK Output Rise/Fall Times
Logic 0 Input Voltage
Logic 1 Input Voltage
Logic 0 Output Voltage, 1 mA Sink
Logic 1 Output Voltage, 1 mA Source
Sleep Mode Current
Power Supply Voltage Range
Power Supply Voltage Ripple
Ambient Operating Temperature
T
A
-40
I
S
V
CC
2.2
t
ON
/t
OFF
t
TR
/t
TF
P
OL
I
TPL
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
0
0.85 Vcc
0
0.9 Vcc
200
3.7
10
85
10
32
-40
-45
-40
12/6
1.1/1.1
0.15 Vcc
Vcc
0.1 Vcc
Vcc
dBm
mA
dBm
dBm
dBm
µs
µs
V
V
V
V
nA
Vdc
mV
P-P
°C
Sym
Notes
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
Notes:
1.
Typical sensitivity data is based on a 10
-3
bit error rate (BER), using DC-balanced data. There are two test methods commonly used to mea-
sure OOK/ASK receiver sensitivity, the “100% AM” test method and the “Pulse” test method. Sensitivity data is given for both test methods.
The application/test circuit and component values are shown on the next page.
Data is given with the ASH radio matched to a 50 ohm load. Matching component values are given on the next page.
2.
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR8100-021307
Page 2 of 14
3G ASH Transceiver Application Circuit
FCC 15.247 OOK Digital Modulation Configuration
+3
VDC
RX Data
TX Data
RX Clock
3G ASH Transceiver Application Circuit
FCC 15.247 ASK Digital Modulation Configuration
+3
VDC
RX Data
TX Data
RX Clock
Host
Microcontroller
Host
Microcontroller
R
TH1
R
TH2
C
DCB
C
DCB
R
TH1
R
TH2
L
AT
20
19
CFG
RFIO
18
CFG
CLK
17
16
CFG
VCC
DAT
2
15
GND
3
14
13
12
RXD THLD THLD
CLK
1
2
RREF
11
L
AT
20
19
CFG
RFIO
18
CFG
CLK
17
16
CFG
VCC
DAT
2
15
GND
3
14
13
12
RXD THLD THLD
CLK
1
2
RREF
11
TOP VIEW
GND1
VCC
1
2
VCC
3
3
PK
DET
4
BB
OUT
5
CMP
IN
6
RX
DATA
7
TX
MOD
8
TOP VIEW
GND1
VCC
1
2
VCC
3
3
PK
DET
4
BB
OUT
5
CMP
IN
6
RX
DATA
7
TX
MOD
8
L
ESD
1
GND2
10
LPF
ADJ
9
L
ESD
1
GND2
10
LPF
ADJ
9
L
RFB
C
BBO
C
RFB
+3
VDC C
C
PKD
AGC
R
TXM
R
LPF
R
REF
L
RFB
C
BBO
C
RFB
+3
VDC C
C
PKD
AGC
R
TXM
R
LPF
R
REF
Tranceiver Set-Up, 3.0 Vdc, -40 to +85 °C
Item
Encoded Data Rate
Minimum Signal Pulse
Maximum Signal Pulse
PKDET Capacitor
BBOUT Capacitor
TXMOD Resistor
LPFADJ Resistor
RREF Resistor
THLD2 Resistor
THLD1 Resistor
2
DC Bypass Capacitor
RF Bypass Capacitor
Series Tuning Inductor
Shunt Tuning/ESD Inductor
RF Bypass Bead
Symbol
DR
NOM
SP
MIN
SP
MAX
C
PKD
C
BBO
R
TXM
R
LPF
R
REF
R
TH2
R
TH1
C
DCB
C
RFB
L
AT
L
ESD
L
RFB
OOK
4.8
208.32
833.28
.022
0.01
6.2
470
100
-
20
4.7
27
15
100
Fair-Rite
OOK
19.2
52.08
208.32
.0056
0.0027
6.2
160
100
-
20
4.7
27
15
100
Fair-Rite
ASK
115.2
8.68
34.72
820 pF
390 pF
6.2
24
100
100
20
4.7
27
15
100
Fair-Rite
Units
kb/s
µs
µs
µF
µF
K
K
K
K
K
µF
pF
nH
nH
Notes
see pages 1 & 2
single bit
4 bits of same value
±10% ceramic
±10% ceramic
±5%, for 10 dBm output
±5%
±1%
±1%, typical values
±1%, typical values
tantalum
±5% NPO
50 ohm antenna
50 ohm antenna
2506033017YO or equivalent
Notes:
1.
2.
For default 2G ASH control mode operation under FCC 15.249 regulations, a TXMOD resistor value of 22K is typically required.
When using internal data and clock recovery, a THLD1 value of 47K is recommended to minimize start vector “nuisance tripping” due
to random noise.
CAUTION: Electrostatic Device. Observe precautions when handling.
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR8100-021307
Page 3 of 14
ASH Transceiver Theory of Operation
Introduction
RFM’s amplifier-sequenced hybrid (ASH) transceiver technology is specif-
ically designed for short-range wireless data communication applications.
ASH transceivers provide robust operation, very small size, low power
consumption and low implementation cost. All critical RF functions are
contained in the hybrid, simplifying and speed-ing design-in. ASH trans-
ceivers can be readily configured to support a wide range of data rates
and protocol requirements. These transceivers feature excellent suppres-
sion of transmitter harmonics and virtually no RF emissions when receiv-
ing, making them easy to certify to short-range (unlicensed) radio
regulations.
Amplifier-Sequenced Receiver Operation
The ASH transceiver’s unique feature set is made possible by its system
architecture. The heart of the transceiver is the amplifier-sequenced
receiver section, which provides more than 100 dB of stable RF and
detector gain without any special shielding or decoupling requirements.
Figure 1 shows the basic block diagram and timing cycle for an amplifier
sequenced receiver. Note that the bias to RF amplifiers RFA1 and RFA2
are independently controlled by a pulse generator, and that the two ampli-
fiers are coupled by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line, which has
a typical delay of 0.5 µs.
An incoming RF signal is first filtered by a narrow-band SAW filter, and is
then applied to RFA1. The pulse generator turns RFA1 ON for 0.814 µs.
The amplified signal from RFA1 emerges from the SAW delay line at the
input to RFA2. RFA1 is now switched OFF and RFA2 is switched ON for
0.814 µs, amplifying the RF signal further. The ON time for RFA1 and
RFA2 is set by a 614 kHz internal pulse generator. As shown in the timing
diagram, RFA1 and RFA2 are never on at the same time, assuring excel-
lent receiver stability. Note that the narrow-band SAW filter eliminates
sampling sideband responses outside of the receiver passband, and the
SAW filter and delay line act together to provide very high receiver ulti-
mate rejection.
ASH Transceiver Block Diagram
Figure 2 is the general block diagram of the ASH transceiver.
Please refer to Figure 2 for the following discussions.
Antenna Port
The only external RF components needed for the transceiver are the
antenna and its matching components. Antennas presenting an imped-
ance in the range of 35 to 72 ohms resistive can be satisfactorily matched
to the RFIO pin with a series matching coil and a shunt matching/ESD pro-
tection coil. Other antenna impedances can be matched using two or
three components. For some impedances, two inductors and a capacitor
will be required. A DC path from RFIO to ground is required for ESD pro-
tection.
ASH Receiver Block Diagram & Timing Cycle
Antenna
SAW Filter
RFA1
P1
SAW
Delay Line
RFA2
P2
Detector &
Low-Pass
Filter
Data
Out
Pulse
Generator
RF Input
RF Data Pulse
t
PW1
P1
t
PRI
t
PRC
RFA1 Out
Delay Line
Out
t
PW2
P2
Figure 1
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR8100-021307
Page 4 of 14
3G ASH Transceiver Block Diagram
TX
CN
CN CN
MOD TRL1 TRL0 FGR
R
TXM
8
Power Down Control
17
18
19
Programming
and
Control
Baud Rate
Selection
Log
BBOUT
Ref
DS2
Antenna
TXA2
X
TXA1
RFIO
20
ESD
Choke
SAW
CR Filter
RFA1
X
SAW
Delay Line
RFA2
Detector
Low-Pass
Filter
LPFADJ 9
BB
5
C
BBO
6
Peak
Detector
PKDET 4
C
PKD
dB Below
Peak Thld
Temperature
Compensated
Master Oscillator
VCC1:
VCC3:
VCC2:
GND1:
GND2:
Pin 2
Pin 3
Pin 16
Pin 1
Pin 10
AGC Set
Gain Select
Local Oscillator,
Pulse Generator
& RF Amp Bias
15
AND
R
LPF
AGC
Ref
AGC
Control
AGC Reset
DS1
Thld
Threshold
Control
THLD1
13
R
TH1
11
12
R
TH2
R
REF
THLD2
Data/Clock
Recovery 7
RXDATA
RXDCLK
14
Figure 2
Receiver Chain
The output of the SAW filter drives amplifier RFA1. This amplifier includes
provisions for detecting the onset of saturation (AGC Set), and for switch-
ing between 35 dB of gain and 5 dB of gain (Gain Select). AGC Set is an
input to the AGC Control function, and Gain Select is the AGC Control
function output. ON/OFF control to RFA1 (and RFA2) is generated by the
Pulse Generator & RF Amp Bias function. The output of RFA1 drives the
SAW delay line, which has a nominal delay of 0.5 µs.
The second amplifier, RFA2, provides 51 dB of gain below saturation. The
output of RFA2 drives a full-wave detector with 19 dB of threshold gain.
The onset of saturation in each section of RFA2 is detected and summed
to provide a logarithmic response. This is added to the output of the full-
wave detector to produce an overall detector response that is square law
for low signal levels, and transitions into a log response for high signal lev-
els. This combination provides excellent threshold sensitivity and more
than 70 dB of detector dynamic range. In combination with the 30 dB of
AGC range in RFA1, more than 100 dB of receiver dynamic range is
achieved.
The detector output drives a gyrator filter. The filter provides a three-pole,
0.05 degree equiripple low-pass response with excellent group delay flat-
ness and minimal pulse ringing. The 3 dB bandwidth of the filter can be set
from 4.5 kHz to 1.8 MHz with an external resistor.
The filter is followed by a base-band amplifier which boosts the detected
signal to the BBOUT pin with the receiver RF amplifiers operating at a
50%-50% duty cycle, the BBOUT signal changes about 10 mV/dB, with a
peak-to-peak signal level of up to 450 mV. The detected signal is riding on
a 1.5 Vdc level that varies somewhat with supply voltage, temperature,
etc. BBOUT is coupled to the CMPIN pin, or to an external data recovery
process (DSP), by a series capacitor. The correct value of the series
capacitor depends on data rate, data run length, and other factors as dis-
cussed in the
ASH Transceiver Designer’s
Guide.
When an external data recovery process is used with AGC, BBOUT must
be coupled to the external data recovery process and to CMPIN by sepa-
rate series coupling capacitors. The AGC reset function is driven by the
signal applied to CMPIN.
Data Slicers
The CMPIN pin drives two data slicers, which convert the analog signal
from BBOUT back into a digital stream. The best data slicer configuration
depends on the system operating parameters. Data slicer DS1 is a capac-
itively-coupled comparator with provisions for an adjustable threshold.
DS1 provides the best performance at low signal-to-noise conditions. The
threshold, or squelch, offsets the comparator’s slicing level from 0 to 90
mV, and is set with a resistor between the RREF and THLD1 pins. This
threshold allows a trade-off between receiver sensitivity and output noise
density in the no-signal condition. For best sensitivity, the threshold is set
to zero but a minimum of 9 mv should be used for proper AGC action. In
this case, noise is output continuously when no signal is present. This, in
turn, requires the circuit being driven by the RXDATA pin to be able to pro-
cess noise (and signals) continuously.
This can be a problem if RXDATA is driving a circuit that must sleep when
data is not present to conserve power, or when it its necessary to minimize
false interrupts to a multitasking processor. In this case, noise can be
greatly reduced by increasing the threshold level, but at the expense of
sensitivity. The best 3 dB bandwidth for the low-pass filter is also affected
by the threshold level setting of DS1. The bandwidth must be increased as
the threshold is increased to minimize data pulse-width variations with sig-
nal amplitude.
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR8100-021307
Page 5 of 14
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