Application note 3193
Effective July 2015
Supersedes January 2015
BUSSMANN
SERIES
North American UL Type 1, 2 and 4, and
data signal surge protective devices
Application Note 3193
Effective July 2015
Application note for North American
UL power and control, and data signal surge protective devices
Contents
Description
The need for surge protection
Surge protection case studies and references for industrial and
commercial applications
Causes and relevance of transients and surges
Damaging effects of transients and surges
UL SPD Types and NEC
®
locations
UL SPD standards
NEC
®
SPD installation/connection
NEC
®
285 Type 1
NEC
®
285 Type 2
NEC
®
285 Type 3
UL power, control and data signal SPD product lineup
UL Type 1 NEMA 1 and NEMA 4X SPDs
- BSPD high surge current capacity Type 1
- SurgePOD™ HEAVY DUTY (black label) Type 1
- SurgePOD PRO (grey label) Type 1
UL DIN-Rail SPDs
- High SCCR Type 2 (black label)
- Non SCCR power (Type 2) and control (Type 3) (blue label)
UL 497B DIN-Rail and in-line data signal SPDs
- 4 wire universal/twisted pair
- BNC coaxial data and video cable
- RJ45/Ethernet video/data cable
UL power and control SPD Type 1, 2 and 3 selection
flowchart for ≤600V systems
UL SPD types, markets and applications
UL Listed Type 1, DIN-Rail UL Recognized Type 2 and 3
Type 1 NEMA 1 and NEMA 4X UL Listed SPDs
Page
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
UL black label high SCCR UL 3
rd
Edition Recognized SPDs
29
BSP UL SCCR specifications and system overviews
30
Selecting BSP UL SPDs by circuit diagrams, configurations and
voltages
31
Type 2 DIN-Rail UL Recognized high SCCR data sheets
32-39
1-Pole
2-Pole
3-Pole
4-Pole
32-33
34-35
36-37
38-39
Description
Type 2 DIN-Rail UL Recognized high SCCR SPDs
Page
6
6
6
6
7
8
8
Type 4 component assembly DIN-Rail UL Recognized non-SCCR
AC/DC power and control SPDs
UL blue label AC/DC power and control SPDs
40
BSP UL non-SCCR SPD specifications and system overviews
41
UL AC/DC power and control SPD data sheets
42-45
1-Pole UL Type 4 for Type 2 low voltage power
SPD applications
2-Pole UL Type 4 for Type 3 low voltage control
SPD applications
42-43
44-45
UL Type 1 SPDs for UL Listed 1449 3
rd
Edition
lineside/loadside protection
SurgePOD Module SPD technology
BSPD 120kA-400kA surge current capacity
SurgePOD HEAVY DUTY, 50kA surge current capacity
SurgePOD PRO, 40kA surge current capacity
Installing UL Type 1 SPDs
SPD connections and electrical systems
9-10
10
11-15
16-18
19-21
22
23-28
UL 497B data signal SPDs
Coaxial cable, Ethernet and universal data signal SPDs
Data signal SPD data sheets and applications
DIN-Rail universal 4 wire SPDs
DIN-Rail BNC/coaxial cable SPD
In-line BNC/coaxial cable SPD
DIN-Rail RJ45/Ethernet cable SPD
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
SPD glossary
Online resources - visit www.cooperbussmann.com/surge
46
47-56
47-50
51-52
53-54
55--56
57-61
62-63
2
www.bussmann.com
Application note for North American
UL power and control, and data signal surge protective devices
The need for surge protection
Application Note 3193
Effective July 2015
Causes and relevance of transients and surges
•
•
Lightning Strikes
- Large scale impact, high current and voltage,
but least common occurrence.
Power Switching
- Increasing occurrences:
•
•
Utility and Customer Load Switching – Motors, large loads,
faults, capacitor banks, fuse and circuit breaker operation*, etc.
Source Switching - Smart grid, gensets, photovoltaic power
systems and wind power generation, etc.
* During overcurrent events, both circuit breakers and fuses can produce arc
voltages 2-3 times the system voltage in accordance with the UL standards.
Damaging effects of transients and surges
•
Disruptive
– A voltage transient enters an electronic component
and it interprets the transient as a valid logic command, resulting
in system lock-up, malfunction, faulty output or corrupted files.
Dissipative
– Associated with short duration repetitive low energy
level surges, resulting in equipment failure over time including
electronic components, ballasts, motors and controllers, service
entrance equipment, panelboards and switchgear.
Destructive
– Associated with high level energy surges, resulting
in immediate equipment failure including electronic components,
ballasts, motors and controllers, service entrance equipment,
panelboards and switchgear.
Today’s world is full of electronic products and electrical devices that
are susceptible to damage from overvoltage surges.
Surges caused by static discharge, capacitive and inductive loads or
lightning can quickly destroy sophisticated electronic equipment and
components used in industrial and commercial applications. These
surges cripple operations – particularly the data and communication
systems that virtually every enterprise relies upon today, including
UL 508A panels with their reliance on control circuits.
Also, updates to the 2014 NEC
®
700.8 requires a listed SPD to
be installed in or on all emergency system switchboards and
panelboards.
Bussmann offers a wide selection of surge protection products that
help assure power quality by eliminating damaging surges.
•
•
Surge protection case studies and references for industrial
and commercial applications
•
G.W. Allen and D. Segall with IBM – Two year study at over 200
location in 25 cities – 88.5% of AC power problems are transient
voltage related.
2011 Erimar Systems Integration - A lightning strike entered the
metals fabricating facility and destroyed $20,000 worth of control
panels, electrical infrastructure and Cisco infrastructure. Loss of
data system also cost 11 days of production.
IEEE Emerald Book and NFPA 780 both recommend using
surge protection as a part of a building’s lightning protection
system. Suppressors at the service entrance only reduce, but not
completely eliminate, the high-energy transient. A second surge
protective device must be applied upstream of critical equipment.
All SPDs should comply with UL 1449 3
rd
Edition or later.
1999-2001 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Study –
Concluded downtime from power sags, surges and transients
cost US industry:
•
$50 Billion+ in 1999
•
•
•
•
Internal damage - PCB destroyed
by a surge
•
•
$100 Billion+ in 2000
$200 Billion+ in 2001
Continues to escalate as more electronic equipment is used
Service entrance destroyed by
a surge
•
•
Plant Services Magazine
– 35% of lost production hours can be
attributed to transient voltage problems.
Florida Light and Power 1999 Study - Sources of Facility Surge
and Overvoltage Events:
•
~60% Internally Generated
•
~40% Externally Generated
www.bussmann.com
3
Application Note 3193
Effective July 2015
Application note for North American
UL power and control, and data signal surge protective devices
UL and NEC
®
SPD definitions
Both UL and the NEC
®
define surge protective device
Types,
but
they are NOT the same. They differ significantly by the following.
UL SPD standards
SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES - UL 1449, 3
rd
Edition, Section 1
effective September 29, 2009, states the following on UL Types:
•
NEC
®
SPD installation/connection*
NEC
®
Article 285, Surge-Protective Devices (SPDs), 1kV or Less
states the following on where in an electrical system SPDs can be
installed and or connected.
III. Connecting SPDs
285.21 Connection.
Where an SPD device is installed, it shall
comply with 285.23 through 285.28.
285.23 Type 1 SPDs.
Type 1 SPDs shall be installed in accordance
with 285.23(A) and (B).
(A) Installation.
Type 1 SPDs shall be installed as follows:
(1) Type 1 SPDs shall be permitted to be connected to the
supply side of the service disconnect as permitted in 230.82(4)
or
(2) Type 1 SPDs shall be permitted to be connected as specified
in 285.24.
(B) At the Service.
When installed at services, Type 1 SPDs shall
be connected to one of the following:
(1) Grounded service conductor
(2) Grounding electrode conductor
(3) Grounding electrode for the service
(4) Equipment grounding terminal in the service equipment
285.24 Type 2 SPDs.
Type 2 SPDs shall be installed in accordance
with 285.24(A) through (C).
(A) Service-Supplied Building or Structure.
Type 2 SPDs shall
be connected anywhere on the loadside of a service disconnect
overcurrent device required in 230.91, unless installed in
accordance with 230.82(8).
(B) Feeder-Supplied Building or Structure.
Type 2 SPDs shall be
connected at the building or structure anywhere on the loadside of
the first overcurrent device at the building or structure.
(C) Separately Derived System.
The SPD shall be connected on
the loadside of the first overcurrent device in a separately derived
system.
285.25 Type 3 SPDs.
Type 3 SPDs shall be permitted to be installed
on the loadside of branch-circuit overcurrent protection up to the
equipment served. If included in the manufacturer’s instructions,
the Type 3 SPD connection shall be a minimum 10 m (30 ft) of
conductor distance from the service or separately derived system
disconnect.
285.26 Conductor Size.
Line and grounding conductors shall not be
smaller than 14 AWG copper or 12 AWG aluminum.
285.27 Connection Between Conductors.
An SPD shall be
permitted to be connected between any two conductors —
ungrounded conductor(s), grounded conductor, equipment grounding
conductor, or grounding electrode conductor. The grounded
conductor and the equipment grounding conductor shall be
interconnected only by the normal operation of the SPD during a
surge.
285.28 Grounding Electrode Conductor Connections and
Enclosures.
Except as indicated in this article, SPD grounding
connections shall be made as specified in Article 250, Part III.
Grounding electrode conductors installed in metal enclosures shall
comply with 250.64(E).
* From the NFPA 70
®
National Electrical Code
®
2014 Edition.
1.1 These requirements cover Surge Protective Devices (SPDs)
designed for repeated limiting of transient voltage surges as
specified in the standard on 50 or 60 Hz power circuits not
exceeding 1000 V and designated as follows:
•
Type 1
– Permanently connected SPDs intended for installation
between the secondary of the service transformer and the
lineside of the service equipment overcurrent device, as well
as the loadside, including watt-hour meter socket enclosures
and intended to be installed without an external overcurrent
protective device.
•
Type 2
– Permanently connected SPDs intended for installation
on the loadside of the service equipment overcurrent device;
including SPDs located at the branch panel.
Type 3
– Point of utilization SPDs, installed at a minimum
conductor length of 10 meters (30 feet) from the electrical
service panel to the point of utilization, for example cord
connected, direct plug-in, receptacle type and SPDs installed at
the utilization equipment being protected. See marking in 64.2.
The distance (10 meters) is exclusive of conductors provided
with or used to attach SPDs.
Type 4
Component Assemblies – Component assembly
consisting of one or more Type 5 components together with a
disconnect (integral or external) or a means of complying with
the limited current tests in 39.4.
Type 1, 2, 3
Component Assemblies – Consists of a Type 4
component assembly with internal or external short circuit
protection.
•
•
•
4
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Application note for North American
UL power and control, and data signal surge protective devices
North American application of UL SPD Types by NEC
®
location
Outside & Service
Entrance
Feeders & Short
Branch Circuits
Application Note 3193
Effective July 2015
Outlets & Long
Branch Circuits
Note: Only Type 1 SPDs
permitted to be installed
upstream of the service
entrance overcurrent
protective device
Pad Mounted
Transformer
NEC
®
285 Type 1
Type 1 SPDs (surge arresters*)
shall be installed as follows:
(1) Type 1 SPDs (surge arresters)
shall be permitted to be
connected to the supply side
of the service disconnect as
permitted in 230.82(4) or... as well
as the loadside, including watt-
hour meter socket enclosures and
intended to be installed without
an external overcurrent protective
device.
(2) Type 1 SPDs (surge arresters)
shall be permitted to be
connected as specified in 285.24.
Service entrance
Feeder circuit
Branch circuit
UL Type 1 SPD
NEC
®
285 Type 2 **
Lineside
or
loadside
of service entrance
overcurrent protective device
Device
Type 2 SPDs shall be installed in accordance with 285.24(A) through (C).
(A) Service-Supplied Building or Structure. Type 2 SPDs shall be
connected anywhere on the loadside of a service disconnect
overcurrent device required in 230.91, unless installed in accordance
with 230.82(8).
(B) Feeder-Supplied Building or Structure. Type 2 SPDs shall be
connected at the building or structure anywhere on the loadside of
the first overcurrent device at the building or structure.
(C) Separately Derived System. The SPD shall be connected on
the loadside of the first overcurrent device in a separately derived
system.
UL Type 1 SPD
Loadside
of service entrance
overcurrent protective device
UL Type 1 SPD
≥
30 feet (10m)
from the service entrance
overcurrent protective device
NEC
®
285 Type 3**
Type 3 SPDs shall be permitted to be installed on the loadside of
branch-circuit overcurrent protection up to the equipment served.
If included in the manufacturer’s instructions, the Type 3 SPD
connection shall be a minimum 10 m (30 ft) of conductor distance
from the service or separately derived system disconnect.
*
Note: UL now refers to these only as “Surge Protective Devices.”
** Includes Type 4 component assemblies for use in Type 2 and Type 3
applications
UL Type 2 SPD
Loadside
of service entrance
overcurrent protective device
UL Type 2 and Type 4 SPDs
≥
30 feet (10m)
from the service entrance
overcurrent protective device
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5
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