CP2104
S
INGLE
- C
H IP
USB-
T O
-UART B
RIDGE
For newer designs, the CP2102N devices offer compatible footprints and are recommended for use instead
of the CP2104. See the Silicon Labs website (www.silabs.com/usbxpress) for more information.
Single-Chip USB to UART Data Transfer
Integrated
required
Integrated clock; no external crystal required
Integrated 1024-Byte One-Time Programmable ROM
for customizable product information
On-chip power-on reset circuit
On-chip voltage regulator: 3.45 V output
USB transceiver; no external resistors
Virtual COM Port Device Drivers
Works
with Existing COM Port PC Applications
Royalty-Free Distribution License
Windows
Mac
7
®
/Vista
®
/XP
®
/Server 2003
®
/2000
®
®
OS-X
Linux
®
USBXpress™ Direct Driver Support
Royalty-Free
Windows
USB Function Controller
USB
Specification 2.0 compliant; full-speed (12 Mbps)
USB Suspend states supported via SUSPEND and
SUSPEND pins
handshaking and modem interface signals
Data formats supported:
- Data bits: 5, 6, 7, and 8
- Stop bits: 1, 1.5, and 2
- Parity: odd, even, mark, space, no parity
Baud rates: 300 bps to 2 Mbits
576 byte receive buffer; 576 byte transmit buffer
Hardware or X-On/X-Off handshaking supported
Four GPIO signals for status and control
Configurable I/O (1.8 V to V
DD
) using V
IO
pin
Configurable
RS-485
All
Distribution License
Windows 7/Vista/XP/Server 2003/2000
CE
®
6.0, 5.0, and 4.2
Asynchronous Serial Data BUS (UART)
Example Applications
Upgrade
of RS-232 legacy devices to USB
Upgrade of RS-485 legacy devices to USB
Cellular phone USB interface cable
PDA USB interface cable
USB to RS-232 serial adapter
Self-powered:
Supply Voltage
3.0 to 3.6 V
USB bus powered: 4.0 to 5.25 V
I/O voltage: 1.8 V to V
DD
RoHS-compliant
I/O (V
DD
to 5 V) using external pull-up
Package
mode with bus transceiver control
24-pin QFN (4x4 mm)
Ordering Part Number
CP2104-F03-GM
Temperature Range: –40 to +85 °C
External
voltage supply
or direct
connection
to VDD
CP2104
VIO
GPIO.0
GPIO.1
GPIO.2
(to external circuitry
for status and
control)
4
REGIN
IN
Voltage
Regulator
OUT
GPIO.3
RST
SUSPEND
VDD
GND
(to external circuitry
for USB suspend
states)
SUSPEND
USB
CONNECTOR
VBUS
D-
D+
GND
48 MHz
Oscillator
RI
DCD
DTR
VBUS
D-
D+
USB
Transceiver
USB Function
Controller
1024B
PROM
576B 576B
TX
RX
Buffer Buffer
UART
DSR
TXD
RXD
RTS
CTS
External RS-232
transceiver or
UART circuitry
VPP
Figure 1. Example System Diagram
Rev. 1.2 1/17
Copyright © 2017 by Silicon Laboratories
CP2104
CP2104
T
ABLE
Section
OF
C
ONTENTS
Page
1. System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2. Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
3. Pinout and Package Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
4. QFN-24 Package Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. USB Function Controller and Transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. Asynchronous Serial Data Bus (UART) Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.1. Baud Rate Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7. GPIO Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.1. GPIO.0-1—Transmit and Receive Toggle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.2. GPIO.2—RS-485 Transceiver Bus Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.3. Hardware Flow Control (RTS and CTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8. One-Time Programmable ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9. Voltage Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
10. CP2104 Device Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
10.1. Virtual COM Port Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
10.2. USBXpress Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
10.3. Driver Customization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
10.4. Driver Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11. Relevant Application Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Document Change List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Rev. 1.2
3
CP2104
1. System Overview
The CP2104 is a highly-integrated USB-to-UART Bridge Controller providing a simple solution for updating
RS-232/RS-485 designs to USB using a minimum of components and PCB space. The CP2104 includes a USB
2.0 full-speed function controller, USB transceiver, oscillator, one-time programmable ROM, and asynchronous
serial data bus (UART) with full modem control signals in a compact 4 x 4 mm QFN-24 package (sometimes called
“MLF” or “MLP”). No other external USB components are required.
The on-chip one-time programmable ROM may be used to customize the USB Vendor ID, Product ID, Product
Description String, Power Descriptor, Device Release Number, Device Serial Number, and GPIO configuration as
desired for OEM applications.
Royalty-free Virtual COM Port (VCP) device drivers provided by Silicon Labs allow a CP2104-based product to
appear as a COM port to PC applications. The CP2104 UART interface implements all RS-232/RS-485 signals,
including control and handshaking signals, so existing system firmware does not need to be modified. The device
also features up to four GPIO signals that can be user-defined for status and control information. Support for I/O
interface voltages down to 1.8 V is provided via a V
IO
pin. In many existing RS-232 designs, all that is required to
update the design from RS-232 to USB is to replace the RS-232 level-translator with the CP2104. Direct access
driver support is available through the Silicon Labs USBXpress driver set. See
www.siliconlabs.com
for the latest
application notes and product support information for the CP2104.
An evaluation kit for the CP2104 (Part Number: CP2104EK) is available. It includes a CP2104-based USB-to-
UART/RS-232 evaluation board, a complete set of VCP device drivers, USB and RS-232 cables, and full
documentation. Contact a Silicon Labs sales representatives or go to
www.siliconlabs.com
to order the CP2104
Evaluation Kit.
4
Rev. 1.2
CP2104
2. Electrical Characteristics
Table 1. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Ambient Temperature Under Bias
Storage Temperature
Voltage on RST, GPIO or UART Pin with respect to
GND
Voltage on VBUS with respect to GND
V
IO
> 2.2 V
V
IO
< 2.2 V
V
DD
> 3.0 V
V
DD
not powered
Conditions
Min
–55
–65
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
—
—
Typ
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Max
125
150
5.8
V
IO
+
3.6
5.8
V
DD
+
3.6
4.2
500
100
Units
°C
°C
V
V
Voltage on V
DD
or V
IO
with respect to GND
Maximum Total Current through V
DD
, V
IO
, and GND
Maximum Output Current Sunk by RST or any I/O
pin
V
mA
mA
Note:
Stresses above those listed may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and functional
operation of the devices at or exceeding the conditions in the operation listings of this specification is not implied.
Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Table 2. Global DC Electrical Characteristics
Parameter
Digital Supply Voltage (V
DD
)
Digital Port I/O Supply Voltage (V
IO
)
Voltage on V
PP
with respect to GND during a
ROM programming operation
Capacitor on V
PP
for ROM programming
Supply Current
1
Supply Current
1
Supply Current—USB Pull-up
2
Specified Operating Temperature Range
V
DD
= 3.0 to 3.6 V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified.
Conditions
Min
3.0
1.8
Typ
—
—
—
4.7
17.0
100
200
—
Max
3.6
V
DD
V
IO
+
3.6
—
18.5
200
228
+85
Units
V
V
V
µF
mA
µA
µA
°C
V
IO
> 3.3 V
5.75
—
Normal Operation;
V
REG
Enabled
Suspended;
V
REG
Enabled
—
—
—
–40
Notes:
1.
If the device is connected to the USB bus, the USB Pull-up Current should be added to the supply current for total
supply current.
2.
The USB Pull-up supply current values are calculated values based on USB specifications.
Rev. 1.2
5
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