CustomNetworks,2-,3-or4-Resistors(Zor 4-Resistors
Custom Networks, 2-, 3- FoilTechnology)
(Z Foil Technology)
Ultra High Precision Z Foil Voltage Divider and Network Resistor
with TCR Tracking to 0.1 ppm/°C and Resistance Match to ±0.005% (50 ppm)
FEATURES
• Resistance range: 5 Ω to 100 kΩ per resistive element
(any ohmic value ratio is available within resistance range)
• Temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR):
±0.2 ppm/°C typical (0°C to +125°C, +25°C ref.)
TCR Tracking from 0.1 ppm/°C
• Power coefficient “DR due to self heating”:
5 ppm at rated power
• Ratio match tolerance: to 0.005% (50 ppm)
• Resistance ratio stability: to 0.01%
(0.2 W per element, 70°C, 2,000 hrs)
• Electrostatic discharge (ESD) at least to 25 kV
• Short time overload: 0.002%
• Power rating to: +125°C: 0.3 W per element
• Thermal EMF: 0.05 μV/°C
• Non hot spot design
• Thermal stabilization time < 1 s (nominal value
achieved within 10 ppm of steady state value)
• Current noise: 0.010 μVRMS/V of applied voltage
(<–40 dB)
• Rise time: 1ns without ringing
• Non-inductive: 0.08 μH
• Voltage coefficient 0.1 ppm/V
• Prototype quantities are available, please contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
• Terminal finishes available: lead (Pb)-free, tin/lead alloy*
Any value at any tolerance available within resistance range
•
•
•
•
•
Military, airborne and space
EB applications
Down-hole (high temperature)
Medical
Automatic test equipment (ATE)
INTRODUCTION
The 2R, 3R, 4R Resistor Networks are the designers’
first choice for ultra high precision, stable and reliable
Voltage Divider or Network.
The Z Foil Technology provides a significant reduction
of the resistive component’s sensitivity to ambient
temperature variations (TCR) and applied power changes,
self-heating (PCR). Absolute TCR of 0.2 ppm/°C typical
removes errors due to temperature gradients.
The availability of low absolute TCR and low PCR,
provides a good cost solution for the variability of other
components when compiling the total error budget.
The four fundamental factors determining how “ideal”
a precision divider and network will be:
APPLICATIONS
• Instrumentation amplifiers
• Bridge networks
• Differential amplifiers
Figure 1—Power Derating Curve
200%
Percent of Rated Power at + 125°C
175%
150%
125%
100%
75%
50%
25%
0
- 75 - 50
- 25
0 + 25 + 50 + 75 + 100 + 125 + 150 + 175 + 200
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Rated Power
- 55°C
+ 70°C
Double Rated Power
Figure 2—Typical TCR Curve Z Foil
+500
TCR Values for Different Temperature Ranges
+400
+300
+100
R
0
R
(ppm)
–100
–200
–300
–500
+200
0.05 ppm/°C
–0.1 ppm/°C
–0.16 ppm/°C
–55
–25
0.1 ppm/°C
0.14 ppm/°C
0.2 ppm/°C
+100
+125
–400
0
+25
+60 +75
Ambient Temperature (°C)
* This datasheet provides information about parts that are RoHS-compliant and/or parts that are non-RoHS-compliant. For example,
parts with lead (Pb) terminations are not RoHS compliant. Please see the information/tables in this datasheet for details.
Document No.: 63114
Revision: 23-May-2016
For any questions, contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
1
Custom Networks, 2-, 3- or 4-Resistors
CustomNetworks,2-,3-or4-Resistors(ZFoilTechnology)
(Z Foil Technology)
1. Initial tolerance, or how close to nominal value the
resistors can be made.
2. Initial ratio matching – or how accurately a specified
ratio among resistors will be achieved.
3. Tracking in operation – or how precisely the initial ratios
are maintained under a wide range of operating
conditions (temperature, humidity, load, etc.)
4. Fast response without ringing – or ability of the divider,
network to react to rapid switching without blocking the
circuit. This depends on the inductance and
capacitance of the network, as well as of the individual
resistors in the network.
The 2R, 3R, 4R with the Z Foil technology is designed and
manufactured to eliminate the inter-parameter compromise
inherent in all other types of precision resistors. All
important characteristics – tolerance, long term shelf
life and load stability, temperature coefficient, noise,
capacitance and inductance – are optimum, approaching
in total performances the theoretical ideal, straight wire.
The 2R, 3R, 4R (Z Foil) maintain all their design, physical
and electrical characteristics. These factors are both
measurable and predictable before, during and after
manufacture.
This could not be accomplished with high TCR resistors,
even with good tracking.
Our application engineering department is available to
advise and make recommendations. For non-standard
technical requirements and special applications. Please
contact us.
POST MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS
OR PMO
Military applications can include requirements for
performance under conditions of stress beyond the
normal and over extended periods of time. This calls for
more than just selecting a standard device and applying
it to a circuit. The standard device may turn out to be all
that is needed but an analysis of the projected service
conditions should be made and it may well dictate a
routine of stabilization known as post manufacturing
operations or PMO. The PMO operations that will be
discussed are only applicable to Bulk Metal Foil resistors.
They stabilize Bulk Metal Foil resistors while they are
harmful to other resistor technologies. Short time
overload, accelerated load life, and temperature cycling
are the three PMO exercises that do the most to remove
the anomalies down the road. Bulk Metal Foil resistors
are inherently stable as manufactured. These PMO
exercises are only of value on Bulk Metal Foil resistors
and they improve the performance by small but significant
amounts. Users are encouraged to contact the Vishay
Foil Resistors application engineering department for
assistance in choosing the PMO operations that are right
for their application.
WHY IS THE ABSOLUTE TCR OF EACH
RESISTOR MORE IMPORTANT THE INITIAL
TCR TRACKING?
Depending on technology differences, some resistors may
increase in value with an increase in temperature (+TCR)
while others will decrease in value with an increase in
temperature (–TCR), or, they may not change in value at
the same rate. Other temperature effects, such as self
heating due to the application of power can add to the
ambient temperature effects. An example of these effects
can be seen where two resistors with different TCR
characteristics are used around an operation amplifier.
The amplification ratio will be affected by the differential
TCR of the resistors and will be compounded by the self
heating effects of the I
2
R differences of the feedback vs.
the sense resistor. Good design practice would be to use
fundamentally low TCR networks in this application since
this would minimize both varying temperature and self
heating effects.
Figure 4—Model 300198 Network
(application example)
R1
E1
E2
R2
R3
R4
E3
A
Figure 3—Trimming to Values
(conceptual illustration)
Interloop
Capacitance
Reduction
in Series
Mutual Inductance
Reduction due
to Change in
Current Direction
Current Path
Before Trimming
Current Path After Trimming
Trimming Process
Removes this Material
from Shorting Strip Area
Changing Current Path
and Increasing
Resistance
Note
To acquire a precision resistance value,
the Bulk Metal
®
Foil chip is trimmed by
selectively removing built-in “shorting bars.”
To increase the resistance in known increments,
marked areas are cut, producing progressively
smaller increases in resistance. This method
reduces the effect of “hot spots” and improves
the long-term stability of Bulk Metal Foil resistors.
Foil shown in black, etched spaces in white
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
2
For any questions, contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
Document No.: 63114
Revision: 23-May-2016
CustomNetworks,2-,3-or4-Resistors(Zor 4-Resistors
Custom Networks, 2-, 3- FoilTechnology)
(Z Foil Technology)
Table 1—Typical Performance Characteristics
(1)
PARAMETER
Resistance Temp Characteristic (TCR)
TCR Tracking to Reference Element
Max Ambient Temp. at Rated Wattage
Max Ambient Temp. at Zero Power
Thermal Shock
Low Temperature Operation
Short Time Overload
Terminal Strength
Resistance to Soldering Heat
Moisture Resistance
Shock
Vibration High Frequency
0.3 W at +125°C
Life
0.02 W at +60°C
0.05 W at +25°C
High Temperature Exposure
Low Temperature Storage
Insulation Resistance
Dielectric Withstanding Voltage
Voltage Coefficient
(5)
Noise
Inductance
Capacitance
Rise Time
Thermal EMF Lead to Lead
Thermal EMF Air Circulation
Thermal EMF Power
Shelf Life
(1)
(2)
VALUE
±0.2 ppm/°C
0.1 ppm/°C to 4 ppm/°C
(2)
+125°C
+175°C
∆R
(3)
∆Ratio
(4)
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
∆R
∆Ratio
0.002% (20 ppm)
0.002% (20 ppm)
0.005% (50 ppm)
0.002% (20 ppm)
0.002% (20 ppm)
0.002% (20 ppm)
0.001% (10 ppm)
0.001% (10 ppm)
0.002% (20 ppm)
0.001% (10 ppm)
0.003% (30 ppm)
0.003% (30 ppm)
0.001% (10 ppm)
0.001% (10 ppm)
0.001% (10 ppm)
0.001% (10 ppm)
0.01% (100 ppm)
0.01% (100 ppm)
0.003% (30 ppm)
0.001% (10 ppm)
0.002% (20 ppm)
0.001% (10 ppm)
0.01% (100 ppm)
0.01% (100 ppm)
0.002% (20 ppm)
0.002% (20 ppm)
>500,000 MΩ
No change
∆R
∆Ratio
0.1 ppm/V
(5)
0.1 ppm/V
(5)
0.010 μVRMS/V of applied voltage (<–40 dB)
0.08 μH
0.5 pF
1 ns at 1 kΩ
0.05 μV/°C
0.02 μV/°C
0.1 μV for 20 mW
∆R
(6)
∆Ratio
(6)
25 ppm/year
10 ppm/year
Measurement error 0.01 R.
Depending on construction and ratio value.
(3)
∆R: absolute resistance range.
(4)
∆Ratio: change in ratio between resistors within the network package from before to after the specified test.
(5)
Measured <0.1 ppm/V and within the measurement capability of the equipment. Voltage coefficient is “essentially zero”.
(6)
2 ppm when in hermetically sealed package.
Document No.: 63114
Revision: 23-May-2016
For any questions, contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
3
Custom Networks, 2-, 3- or 4-Resistors
CustomNetworks,2-,3-or4-Resistors(ZFoilTechnology)
(Z Foil Technology)
Table 2—Model 2R, 3R, 4R (Z Foil) Specifications
Model
Resistance
Values
500 Ω to 100 kΩ
100 Ω to 500 Ω
2R, 3R, 4R
(Z Foil)
50 Ω to 100 Ω
25 Ω to 50 Ω
10 Ω to 25 Ω
5 Ω to 10 Ω
Absolute TCR
(–55°C To +125°C, +25°C Ref.)
Typical And Max. Spread
±0.2 ppm/°C ±1.8 ppm/°C
±0.2 ppm/°C ±2.3 ppm/°C
±0.2 ppm/°C ±2.8 ppm/°C
±0.2 ppm/°C ±3.3 ppm/°C
±0.2 ppm/°C ±3.8 ppm/°C
Tolerance
Absolute
±0.005%
±0.01%
±0.01%
±0.02%
±0.05%
Match
0.005%
0.01%
0.02%
0.02%
0.04%
0.05%
TCR Tracking (Max.)*
Same Values
0.8 ppm/°C
1.2 ppm/°C
1.5 ppm/°C
2.0 ppm/°C
2.5 ppm/°C
3.0 ppm/°C
Different
Values
1.5 ppm/°C
2.0 ppm/°C
2.5 ppm/°C
3.0 ppm/°C
3.5 ppm/°C
4.0 ppm/°C
* TCR tracking of 0.1 ppm/°C to 1.2 ppm/°C is available depending on construction and the ratio between the values.
Figure 5—Molded 2R, 3R, 4R Resistor Network Dimensions and Circuit Design
in inches (millimeters)
MODEL 300190Z (with Z Foil Technology)
0.575 (14.605) Max
0.160 Max
(4.06)
MODEL 300191Z (with Z Foil Technology)
0.575 (14.605) Max
0.160 Max
(4.06)
R1
0.413
(10.49)
Max
R2
0.413
(10.49)
Max
R1
R2
1
2
3
1
Tol.: ±0.010" (0.254 mm)
Lead Length 0.750" (19.05 mm) Min
Lead Dia. 0.025" (0.645 mm); #22 AWG
2
3
0.250
(6.35)
0.150
(3.81)
1
0.150
(3.81)
2 3
4
0.150
(3.81)
1
Tol.: ±0.010" (0.254 mm)
Lead Length 0.750" (19.05 mm) Min
Lead Dia. 0.025" (0.645 mm); #22 AWG
2
3
4
0.100
(2.54)
MODEL 300192Z (with Z Foil Technology)
0.820 (20.828) Max
0.413
(10.490)
Max
0.160 Max
(4.06)
MODEL 300193Z (with Z Foil Technology)
0.820 (20.828) Max
0.413
(10.490)
Max
0.160 Max
(4.06)
1
2
0.250
(6.35)
3
0.250
(6.35)
4
Tol.: ±0.010" (0.254 mm)
Lead Length 0.750" (19.05 mm) Min
Lead Dia. 0.025" (0.645 mm); #22 AWG
0.150
(3.81)
0.250
0.150 (6.35)
(3.81)
1
2
3
4
5
Tol.: ±0.010" (0.254 mm)
Lead Length 0.750" (19.05 mm) Min
Lead Dia. 0.025" (0.645 mm); #22 AWG
0.150
(3.81)
0.100
(2.54)
R1
R2
R3
R1
R2
R3
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
4
For any questions, contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
Document No.: 63114
Revision: 23-May-2016
CustomNetworks,2-,3-or4-Resistors(Zor 4-Resistors
Custom Networks, 2-, 3- FoilTechnology)
(Z Foil Technology)
Figure 6—Molded 2R, 3R, 4R Resistor Network Dimensions and Circuit Design
in inches (millimeters)
MODEL 300194Z
(with Z Foil
Technology)
0.820 (20.828) Max
0.413
(10.490)
Max
0.160 Max
(4.06)
R1
R2
R3
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.150
(3.81)
0.100
(2.54)
0.150
(3.81)
0.150
(3.81)
0.100
(2.54)
1
Tol.: ±0.010" (0.254 mm)
Lead Length 0.750" (19.05 mm) Min
Lead Dia. 0.025" (0.645 mm); #22 AWG
2
3
4
5
6
MODEL 300195Z
(with Z Foil
Technology)
1.20 (30.48) Max
0.245 (6.223)
R1
0.413
(10.490)
max
R2
R3
R4
1
2
0.250
(6.35)
3
0.250
(6.35)
4
0.250
(6.35)
5
1
Tol.: ±0.010" (0.254 mm)
Lead Length 0.750" (19.05 mm) Min
Lead Dia. 0.025" (0.645 mm); #22 AWG
0.245 (6.223)
2
3
4
5
0.150
(3.81)
MODEL 300196Z
(with Z Foil
Technology)
1.20 (30.48) Max
R1
0.413
(10.490)
max
R2
R3
R4
1
2
0.250
(6.35)
3
0.250
(6.35)
4
5
6
1
Tol.: ±0.010" (0.254 mm)
Lead Length 0.750" (19.05 mm) Min
Lead Dia. 0.025" (0.645 mm); #22 AWG
0.245 (6.223)
2
3
4
5
6
0.150
(3.81)
0.150
(3.81)
0.100
(2.54)
MODEL 300197Z
(with Z Foil
Technology)
1.20 (30.48) Max
R1
0.413
(10.490)
max
R2
R3
R4
1
2
0.250
(6.35)
3
4
5
6
7
1
Tol.: ±0.010" (0.254 mm)
Lead Length 0.750" (19.05 mm) Min
Lead Dia. 0.025" (0.645 mm); #22 AWG
0.245 (6.223)
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.150
(3.81)
0.150
0.150
(3.81)
(3.81)
0.100
0.100
(2.54)
(2.54)
MODEL 300198Z
(with Z Foil
Technology)
1.20 (30.48) Max
0.413
(10.490)
max
R1
R2
R3
R4
1
2
0.250
(6.35)
3
4
5
0.250
(6.35)
6
0.150
(3.81)
0.100
(2.54)
0.150
(3.81)
1
Tol.: ±0.010" (0.254 mm)
Lead Length 0.750" (19.05 mm) Min
Lead Dia. 0.025" (0.645 mm); #22 AWG
2
3
4
5
6
Document No.: 63114
Revision: 23-May-2016
For any questions, contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
5
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