Z201HT
Vishay Foil Resistors
Ultra Ultra High-PrecisionResistor High emperature
High-Precision
Through-Hole Through-Hole Foil Resistor for +200°C
Foil
for T
Applications to
up
High Temperature Applications up to +200°C
FEATURES
• Temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR):
±0.2 ppm/°C nominal (–55°C to +125°C, +25°C ref.)
±1 ppm/°C nominal (–55°C to +200°C, +25°C ref.)
• Resistance range: 10 Ω to 100 kΩ (for higher and lower
values, please contact VFR’s application engineering
department)
• Resistance tolerance: to ±0.01 %
• Working power: 0.1 W at 200°C (see table 2)
• Load life stability: to ±0.1% after 1,000 hrs of rated
power at 200°C
• “Silicon coated Z-foil resistor” design without molding
or encapsulation adds an additional dimension for
reducing signal distortion and increasing clarity in signal
processing
• Vishay Foil resistors are not restricted to standard
values; specific “as required” values can be supplied at
no extra cost or delivery (e.g. 1K2345 vs. 1K)
• Thermal stabilization time: <1 s (within 10 ppm of
steady state value)
• Electrostatic discharge (ESD): at least to 25 kV
• Non-inductive, non-capacitive design
• Rise time: 1 ns effectively no ringing
• Current noise: <0.010 μV
rms
/V of applied voltage
(<–40 dB)
• Voltage coefficient: <0.1 ppm/V
• Non-inductive: <0.08 μH
• Non-hot spot design
components such as resistors to have a minimal drift
from their initial values when operating above +175°C and
in humid environments. In these applications, the most
important factor is the temperature dependence and the
end of life tolerance (which is part of the stability) and to a
lesser extent, the initial tolerance.
TABLE 1—TCR (NOMINAL AND MAX.) FROM
–55°C TO +125°C, 175°C AND 200°C*
Resistance
Value
10 Ω to 25 Ω
25 Ω to 50 Ω
50 Ω to 80 Ω
80 Ω to 100 Ω
100 Ω to 100 KΩ
Tolerance
(%)
±0.02%
±0.01%
±0.01%
±0.01%
±0.01%
>125°C
±1±3.8
±1±3.3
±1±2.8
±1±2.3
±1±1.8
>175°C
±1±4.3
±1±3.8
±1±3.3
±1±2.8
±1±2.3
>200°C
±1±4.8
±1±4.3
±1±3.8
±1±3.3
±1±2.8
* Reference temperature: +25°C
FIGURE 1—TRIMMING TO VALUES
(conceptual illustration)
Interloop
capacitance
reduction
in series
Mutual
inductance
reduction
due to change
in current
direction
Current path
before trimming
Current path after trimming
HIGH TEMPERATURE PRODUCTS
Resistors are the passive building blocks of an
electrical circuit. They may be used for dropping the
voltage, buffering the surge when the circuit is turned
on, providing feedback in a monitoring loop, sensing
current flow, etc. When the application requires stability
over time and load, initial accuracy, minimal change
with temperature of more than 175°C, resistance to
moisture and a number of other characteristics that will
be described below, only Vishay Foil Resistors have
the attributes needed for such application. Over the
past few months, there has been considerable growth
in the demand for precise, stable and reliable resistors
that can operate in harsh environments and especially
at high temperatures to 200°C. Many analog circuits
for industrial, military, aerospace, medical, down-hole,
oil well, and automotive applications require passive
Document No.: 63245
Revision: 26-Nov-2013
Note
To acquire a precision resistance value, the Bulk Metal
®
Foil
chip is trimmed by selectively removing built-in “shorting bars.”
To increase the resistance in known increments, marked
areas are cut, producing progressively smaller increases in
resistance. This method reduces the effect of “hot spots” and
improves the long-term stability of the Vishay Foil resistors.
Trimming process
removes this material
from shorting strip area
changing current path
and increasing
resistance
Foil shown in black, etched spaces in white
For questions, contact
foil@vishaypg.com
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
1
Z201HT
Vishay Foil Resistors
FIGURE 2—STANDARD DIMENSIONS
in Inches (Millimeters)
L
W
This product requires
careful handling.
Not suitable for
automatic insertion equipment.
H
Dimension
LL
inches
0.080 max
0.250 max
0.310 max
1.000 ±0.125
0.150 ±0.005
(mm)
(2.03 max)
(6.35 max)
(7.87 max)
(25.4 ±3.18)
(3.81 ±0.13)
W
L
H
Lead Material #22 AWG
Round Solder Coated Copper
LL
LS
(1)
LS
Note
(1) An additional lead space option is available: 0.200” (5.08 mm). For these specifications, please specify Z201HTJ (see Table 4) when
placing an order.
TABLE 2—SPECIFICATIONS
Resistance
Range
(Ω)
10 to 100k
Maximum
Working
Voltage
200
Rated Power at Ambient
at +70°C
0.4 W
at +125°C
0.2 W
at +200°C
0.1 W
LONG-TERM STABILITY
Some process controls in high temperature environment
are not very critical but many, many are—particularly
when a process is operating near a tipping point where
it could get out of control quickly if not well monitored.
Entire production batches have been lost or suffered
reduced reliability when critical parameters were not kept
within narrow limits. One thing that can cause this to
happen is changes in the resistor over time. Reference
points in the control process thus become less and
less reliable. Repeatability of the process from batch to
batch begins to drift. The process is changing while the
monitors appear to be holding it within specified limits
because the precision resistor is producing a different
output voltage than it was in previous runs for the same
sensor output. So the process appears to be under
control when, in reality, it is experiencing an undetected
drift.
Long-term stability is thus one of the considerations that
drive the selection of which resistor technology to use in
the application. As for surface-mount chip resistors, the
leaded option is much better due to reduced stress on the
resistor from the PCB.
FIGURE 3—BETTER STABILITY WITH
THROUGH-HOLE
A
Connection
Distant
from
Solder
Point
PCB
A
A-A
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For questions, contact
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Document No.: 63245
Revision: 26-Nov-2013
Z201HT
Vishay Foil Resistors
THERMAL EMF
In a resistor, the resistance is composed of a resistance
element of one material and two terminations of a
different material. When the junction of the element and
the termination is heated in a closed circuit, there is a DC
voltage generated in the circuit (see Seebeck and Peltier
Effects). If both termination junctions of the resistor are
at exactly the same temperature, there is no net thermal
EMF voltage generated in the circuit due to thermal
EMF error voltages in the resistor. In fact, however, the
terminals are very seldom at the same temperature
because their temperatures are influenced by uneven
power dissipation within the resistor, differential heating
from other components on the board, and heat conducted
along the board itself. Obviously, in a sense resistor that’s
supposed to accurately convert a current to a voltage,
the presence of an extraneous thermal EMF voltage could
constitute a significant error source in the system. That
is why it’s important that Bulk Metal
®
Foil resistors have
a thermal EMF voltage of less than 0.1 μV/°C difference
across the element to termination junction.
in the presence of the electric field established across
the element by the DC voltage. This etchant removes
and transports resistance material across the surface of
the element, and deposits it on another portion of the
resistance grid. This process can open a thin film or metal
film resistor in just a few hours of operation or effect a
more gradual increase in resistance over a longer period
of time, opening after months rather than hours. The
resistance grid of the Bulk Metal Foil resistor is hundreds
of times thicker than an equivalent value thin film resistor
so it would take hundreds of times more chemistry to do
the same amount of damage as to the metal and thin film
resistors.
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF
RESISTANCE (TCR)
TCR is more important in some applications than in
others. Where the sense resistor is in an office control
station environment the temperature is fairly well
controlled over a narrow range but when the sense
resistor is close to the processes the sense resistor may
be exposed to a much higher range of temperatures.
Using a metal or thin film resistor at ±10 ppm/°C would
result in a 100 ppm (0.01%) error if the ambient changes
by only 10°C. If the temperature of operation is not close
to the midpoint of the temperature range used to quantify
the TCR at ±10 ppm/°C, it would result in a much larger
error over higher temperature ranges. A Bulk Metal Foil
resistor would only change 0.0002% to 0.002% over that
same 10°C span, depending upon which model is used
(0.2 ppm/°C to 2 ppm/°C.) And for larger temperature
spans, it would be even more important to use the Bulk
Metal Foil resistor for its inherently low TCR.
RELIABILITY
In addition to possible ESD damage, there are other
reliability considerations. There is another, often
overlooked reliability concern: moisture. All epoxy
coatings and plastic encapsulants are hygroscopic;
they absorb moisture from the air. Under the varying
temperature, pressure, and humidity conditions of normal
operations, moisture is drawn through the external
coatings and elevates the humidity level of the inside
of the resistor to a higher level than the unrestrained
fluctuating conditions outside the resistor itself. If the
resistor were to run at high power and generate a lot of
heat, the moisture would be driven out of the resistor
and there would be no humidity consequences. But the
best conditions for long term load-life stability are the
worst conditions for moisture damage in low DC power
applications. When the moisture is drawn into the resistor
it imports minute ions from the coating to the resistor
element’s surface where it adds to any residuals left
during production. These materials form a mild etchant
HARMONIC DISTORTION
Harmonic distortion is an important consideration in the
choice of precision resistors for sensitive applications. A
significant signal voltage across the resistor may change
the resistance value depending on the construction,
material, and size. Under these conditions Bulk Metal Foil
resistors behave more linearly than other resistor types.
Document No.: 63245
Revision: 26-Nov-2013
For questions, contact
foil@vishaypg.com
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
3
Z201HT
Vishay Foil Resistors
TABLE 3—GLOBAL PART NUMBER INFORMATION
(1)
NEW GLOBAL PART NUMBER: Y162080K5000T9L (preferred part number format)
DENOTES PRECISION
RESISTOR
Y
VALUE
R
=
Ω
K
= kΩ
CHARACTERISTICS
0
= standard part, tin/lead termination
9
= standard part, lead (Pb)-free termination
1
-
999
= custom
Y
1
6
2
0
8
0
K
5
0
0
0
T
9
L
PRODUCT CODE
1620 = Z201HT
1621 = Z201HTJ
RESISTANCE TOLERANCE
T
= ±0.01%
Q
= ±0.02%
A
= ±0.05%
B
= ±0.1%
C
= ±0.25%
D
= ±0.5%
F
= ±1.0%
PACKAGING
L
= bulk pack
FOR EXAMPLE: ABOVE GLOBAL ORDER Y1620 80K5000 T 9 L:
TYPE: Z201HT
VALUE: 80.5 k
Ω
ABSOLUTE TOLERANCE: ±0.01%
TERMINATION: lead (Pb)-free
PACKAGING: bulk pack
HISTORICAL PART NUMBER: Z201HT T 80K5 T B (will continue to be used)
Z201HT
MODEL
Z201HT
T
TERMINATION
T
= lead (Pb)-free
None
= tin/lead alloy
80K5
RESISTANCE VALUE
80.5 kΩ
T
TOLERANCE
T
= ±0.01%
Q
= ±0.02%
A
= ±0.05%
B
= ±0.1%
C
= ±0.25%
D
= ±0.5%
F
= ±1.0%
B
PACKAGING
B
= bulk pack
Note
(1) For non-standard requests, please contact Application Engineering
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
4
For questions, contact
foil@vishaypg.com
Document No.: 63245
Revision: 26-Nov-2013
Legal Disclaimer Notice
Vishay Precision Group
Disclaimer
ALL PRODUCTS, PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.
Vishay Precision Group, Inc., its affiliates, agents, and employees, and all persons acting on its or their
behalf (collectively, “Vishay Precision Group”), disclaim any and all liability for any errors, inaccuracies or
incompleteness contained herein or in any other disclosure relating to any product.
The product specifications do not expand or otherwise modify Vishay Precision Group’s terms and
conditions of purchase, including but not limited to, the warranty expressed therein.
Vishay Precision Group makes no warranty, representation or guarantee other than as set forth in the terms
and conditions of purchase.
To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Vishay Precision
Group disclaims (i) any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product, (ii) any and
all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages, and (iii) any and
all implied warranties, including warranties of fitness for particular purpose, non-infringement and
merchantability.
Information provided in datasheets and/or specifications may vary from actual results in different
applications and performance may vary over time. Statements regarding the suitability of products for
certain types of applications are based on Vishay Precision Group’s knowledge of typical requirements that
are often placed on Vishay Precision Group products. It is the customer’s responsibility to validate that a
particular product with the properties described in the product specification is suitable for use in a particular
application.
No license, express, implied, or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document, or
by any conduct of Vishay Precision Group.
The products shown herein are not designed for use in life-saving or life-sustaining applications unless
otherwise expressly indicated. Customers using or selling Vishay Precision Group products not expressly
indicated for use in such applications do so entirely at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Vishay
Precision Group for any damages arising or resulting from such use or sale. Please contact authorized
Vishay Precision Group personnel to obtain written terms and conditions regarding products designed for
such applications.
Product names and markings noted herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Document No.: 63999
Revision: 27-Apr-2011
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