■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Designed Specifically to Drive Large and Small Q
G
PFETs
Very Low Loss Replacement for Power Supply
OR’ing Diodes
Wide Operating Voltage Range: 3.6V to 36V
–40°C to 125°C Operating Temperature Range
Reverse Battery Protection
Automatic Switching Between DC Sources
Low Quiescent Current: 35µA per Channel
Load Current Sharing
MOSFET Gate Protection Clamp
Precision Input Control Comparators for Setting
Switchover Threshold Points
Open-Drain Feedback Points for Customer Specified
Hysteresis Control
Minimal External Components
Space Saving 10-Lead MSOP Package
The LTC
®
4416/LTC4416-1 control two sets of external
P-channel MOSFETs to create two near ideal diode functions
for power switchover circuits. This permits highly efficient
OR’ing of multiple power sources for extended battery life
and low self heating. When conducting, the voltage drop
across the MOSFET is typically 25mV. For applications with
a wall adapter or other auxiliary power source, the load is
automatically disconnected from the battery when the aux-
iliary source is connected.
The LTC4416 integrates two interconnected PowerPath
TM
controllers with soft switchover control. The “soft-off”
switchover permits the users to transfer between two dis-
similar voltages without excessive voltage undershoot (or
V
DROOP
) in the output supply. The LTC4416/LTC4416-1 also
contain a “fast-on” feature that dramatically increases gate
drive current when the forward input voltage exceeds 25mV.
The LTC4416 “fast off” feature is engaged when the sense
voltage exceeds the input voltage by 25mV. The LTC4416-1
enables the fast off under the same conditions and when
the other external P-channel device is selected using the
enable pins.
The wide operating supply range supports operation from one
to eight Li-Ion cells in series. The low quiescent current (35µA
per channel) is independent of the load current. The gate driver
includes an internal voltage clamp for MOSFET protection.
The LTC4416/LTC4416-1 are available in low profile 10-lead
MSOP packages.
APPLICATIO S
■
■
■
■
■
■
High Current PowerPath Switch
Industrial and Automotive Applications
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
Logic Controlled Power Switch
Battery Backup System
Emergency Systems with Battery Backups
, LT, LTc and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology corporation.
PowerPath is a trademark of Linear Technology corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Automatic PowerPath Switchover
V1
V1 = 12V (FAIL)
V1 = 13.5V (RESTORE) PRIMARY SUPPLY
221k
LTC4416
187k
GND
24.9k
E1
GND
E2
H2
H1
V2
V2 = 10.8V
BACKUP SUPPLY SUP75P03_07
V1
G1
V
S
G2
V2
4416 TA01
SUP75P03_07
cURRENT (A)
3.6
LTc4416
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
LTC4416 vs Schottky Diode
Forward Voltage Drop
8.0
cONSTANT
R
ON
Under and Overvoltage Shutdown Operation
V
IN
221k
V
TH2
WITH
HYSTERESIS
ScHOTTKY
DIODE
24.9k
GND
V
TH1
WITH
HYSTERESIS
187k 24.3k
75k
182k
LTC4416-1
H1
G1
E1
GND
E2
H2
0.02
FORWARD VOLTAGE (V)
0.5
4416 TA01b
cONSTANT
VOLTAGE
V
S
0
UV ENABLED AT 5V, V
IN
RESTORED TO LOAD WHEN V
IN
RISES TO 5.5V
OV ENABLED AT 13.5V, V
IN
RESTORED TO LOAD WHEN V
IN
FALLS TO 12V
U
FEATURES
LTC4416/LTC4416-1
36V, Low Loss Dual
PowerPath Controllers for
Large PFETs
DESCRIPTIO
U
V1
V
S
V2
G2
V
OUT
TO
LOAD
4416 TA01c
4416fa
LTC4416/LTC4416-1
(Note 1)
Supply Voltage (V1, V2) .............................. –14V to 40V
Voltage from V1 or V2 to V
S
....................... –40V to 40V
Input Voltage
E1, E2 .................................................... –0.3V to 40V
V
S
........................................................... –14V to 40V
Output Voltage
G1 ....... –0.3V to the Higher of V1 + 0.3V or V
S
+ 0.3V
G2 ....... –0.3V to the Higher of V2 + 0.3V or V
S
+ 0.3V
H1, H2 ..................................................... –0.3V to 7V
Operating Ambient Temperature Range (Note 2)
LTC4416E ............................................ –40°C to 85°C
LTC4416I ........................................... –40°C to 125°C
Operating Junction
Temperature Range ................................ –40°C to 125°C
Storage Temperature Range................... –65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) .................. 300°C
TOP VIEW
H1
E1
GND
E2
H2
1
2
3
4
5
10
9
8
7
6
G1
V1
V
S
V2
G2
MS PACKAGE
10-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP
T
JMAX
= 130°C,
θ
JA
= 120°C/W
ORDER PART NUMBER
LTC4416EMS
LTC4416IMS
LTC4416EMS-1
LTC4416IMS-1
MS PART MARKING*
LTCFC
LTCFC
LTCPS
LTCPS
Order Options
Tape and Reel: Add #TR
Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF
Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
*The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL
V
V1
, V
V2
,
V
VS
I
QFL
I
QFH
I
QRL
I
QRH
I
QCL
I
QCH
I
LEAK
PARAMETER
Operating Supply Range
Quiescent Supply Current at Low Supply
While in Forward Regulation
Quiescent Supply Current at High Supply
While in Forward Regulation
Quiescent Supply Current at Low Supply
While in Reverse Turn-Off
Quiescent Supply Current at High Supply
While in Reverse Turn-Off
Quiescent Supply Current at Low Supply
with E1 and E2 Active
Quiescent Supply Current at High Supply
with E1 and E2 Active
V1, V2 and V
S
Pin Leakage Currents
When Other Pin Supplies Power (Note 4)
The
●
denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. V1 = V2 = 12V, E1 = 2V, E2 = GND, GND = 0V. Current into a pin is
positive and current out of a pin is negative. All voltages are referenced to GND, unless otherwise specified.
CONDITIONS
V1, V2 and/or V
S
Must be in This Range for Proper
Operation
V
V1
= 3.6V, V
V2
= 3.6V. Measure Combined Current
at V1, V2 and V
S
Pins Averaged with V
VS
= 3.560V
and V
VS
= 3.6V (Note 3)
V
V1
= 36V, V
V2
= 36V. Measure Combined Current
at V1, V2 and V
S
Pins Averaged with V
VS
= 35.960V
and V
VS
= 36V (Note 3)
V
V1
= 3.6V, V
V2
= 3.6V. Measure Combined Current
at V1, V2 and V
S
Pins with V
VS
= 3.7V
V
V1
= 35.9V, V
V2
= 35.9V. Measure Combined
Current at V1, V2 and V
S
Pins with V
VS
= 36V
V
V1
= 3.6V, V
V2
= 3.6V, V
V1
– V
VS
= 0.9V,
V
E1
= 0V, V
E2
= 2V, V1 and V2 Measured Separately
V
V1
= 36V, V
V2
= 36V, V
V1
– V
VS
= 0.9V,
V
E1
= 0V, V
E2
= 2V, V1 and V2 Measured Separately
V
V1
= V
V2
= 28V, V
VS
= 0V. Measure I
VS
V
V1
= V
V2
= 14V, V
VS
= –14V. Measure I
VS
V
V1
= V
V2
= 36V, V
VS
= 8V. Measure I
VS
PowerPath Controller
V
FR
V
RTO
V
FO
PowerPath Switch Forward Regulation
Voltage
PowerPath Switch Reverse Turn-Off
Threshold Voltage
PowerPath Switch Forward Fast-On
Voltage Comparator Threshold
V
V1
, V
V2
– V
VS
, 3.6V ≤ V
V1
, V
V2
≤ 36V,
C
G1
= C
G2
= 3nF
V
V1
, V
V2
– V
VS
, 3.6V ≤ V
V1
, V
V2
≤ 36V,
C
G1
= C
G2
= 3nF
V
V1
, V
V2
– V
VS
, 6V ≤ V
V1
, V
V2
≤ 36V,
C
G1
= C
G2
= 3nF, I
G1
, I
G2
> 500µA
●
●
●
●
●
MIN
3.6
TYP
MAX
36
70
130
70
130
30
65
UNITS
V
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
mV
mV
mV
4416fa
●
●
●
●
●
–10
–10
–10
10
–40
50
–1
–1
–1
1
1
1
40
–10
125
U
W
U
U
W W
W
ABSOLUTE
AXI U RATI GS
PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
LTC4416/LTC4416-1
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
GATE Active Forward Regulation
Source Current
Sink Current
Sink Current During Fast-On
Source Current During Fast-Off
G1 and G2 Clamp Voltage
G1 and G2 Off Voltage
G1 and G2 Turn-On Time
G1 and G2 Turn-Off Time
Enable Comparator Turn-Off Delay
H1 and H2 Off Current
H1 and H2 On Voltage
H1 and H2 Turn-On Time
H1 and H2 Turn-Off Time
E1 and E2 Input Threshold Voltage
E1 and E2 Input Leakage Current
Source Current When Other Channel
Enabled (Note 13)
LTC4416
LTC4416-1
G1, G2 Controller
I
G(SRC)
I
G(SNK)
I
G(FO)
I
G(OFF)
V
G(ON)
V
G(OFF)
t
G(ON)
t
G(OFF)
t
E(OFF)
I
H(OFF)
V
H(ON)
t
H(ON)
t
H(OFF)
V
REF
I
E
I
G(ENOFF)
(Note 5)
(Note 6)
(Note 7)
(Note 12)
Apply I
G1
= I
G2
= 2µA, V
V1
= V
V2
= 12V,
V
VS
= 11.8V, Measure V
V1
– V
G1
or V
V2
– V
G2
Apply I
G1
= I
G2
= –30µA, V
V1
= V
V2
= 12V,
V
VS
= 12.2V, Measure V
V1
– V
G1
or V
V2
– V
G2
V
GS
< –6V, C
G
= 17nF (Note 8)
V
GS
> –1.5V, C
G
= 17nF (Note 9)
(Note 14) LTC4416-1 Only
3.6V ≤ V
V1
, V
V2
≤ 36V (Note 10)
3.6V ≤ V
V1
, V
V2
≤ 36V (Note 10)
(Note 11)
(Note 11)
3.6V ≤ V
V1
, V
V2
≤ 36V, –40°C to 85°C
4V ≤ V
V1
, V
V2
≤ 36V, –40°C to 125°C
0V ≤ V
E1
, V
E2
≤ 1.5V
1.180
1.180
–100
1.215
1.215
–9
15
500
●
●
●
●
●
The
●
denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. V1 = V2 = 12V, E1 = 2V, E2 = GND, GND = 0V. Current into a pin is
positive and current out of a pin is negative. All voltages are referenced to GND, unless otherwise specified.
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
–2
200
8.25
0.350
–500
9.1
0.920
60
30
6
7.4
µA
µA
µA
µA
V
V
µs
µs
µs
µA
mV
µs
µs
V
V
nA
H1 and H2 Open-Drain Drivers
●
●
–1
1
100
5
10
1.240
1.240
100
E1 and E2 Enable Input Comparators
●
–9
–500
–3
µA
µA
Note 1:
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2:
The LTC4416E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications
from 0°C to 85°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 85°C operating
temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation
with statistical process controls. The LTC4416I is guaranteed and tested
over the –40°C to 125°C operating temperature range.
Note 3:
This results in the same supply current as would be observed with
an external P-channel MOSFET connected to the LTC4416 and operating in
forward regulation.
Note 4:
Only 3 of 9 permutations illustrated. This specification is the same
when power is provided through V
S
or V2. This specification is only valid
when V1, V2 and V
S
are within 28V of each other.
Note 5:
V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. V
S
is
set at 12V to measure the source current at either G1 or G2.
Note 6:
V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. V
S
is
set at 11.96V to measure the sink current at either G1 or G2.
Note 7:
V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. V
S
is
set at 11.875V to measure the sink current at either G1 or G2.
Note 8:
V1 and V2 are held at 12V and V
S
is stepped from 12.2V to 11.8V
to trigger the event. G1 and G2 voltages are initially V
G(OFF)
.
Note 9:
V1 and V2 are held at 12V and V
S
is stepped from 11.8V to 12.2V
to trigger the event. G1 and G2 voltages are initially V
G(ON)
.
Note 10:
H1 and H2 are forced to 2V. E1 and E2 are forced to 1.5V to
measure the off current of H1 and H2. H1 and H2 are forced with 1mA to
measure the on voltage of H1 and H2.
Note 11:
H1 and H2 are forced to 2V. E1 and E2 are stepped from 1.3V
to 1.1V to measure t
S(ON)
. E1 and E2 are stepped from 1.1V to 1.3V to
measure t
S(OFF)
.
Note 12:
V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. V
S
is
set to 12.05V to measure the source current at either G1 or G2.
Note 13:
V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. V
S
is set to 12V to measure the source current at either G1 or G2 when the
channel is deselected.
Note 14:
V1 and V2 are held at 12V, V
S
= 11.96V and G1 and G2 have a 4k
resistor each to 9V. Measure the delay after the channel is disabled until
the gate signal begins to pull high.
4416fa
LTC4416/LTC4416-1
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
V
FR
vs Temperature and Supply
Voltage
40
–20
35
V
RTO
(mV)
–40°C
V
FR
(mV)
30
125°C
25
27°C
27°C
–23
125°C
–24
–25
CURRENT (A)
20
0
5
10 15 20 25 30
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
V1, V2 and V
S
Pin Leakage vs
Temperature
–0.25
–0.50
CURRENT (µA)
8.95
8.85
I
V1
: V
V2
, V
VS
– V
V1
= 28V
V
Gn(ON)
(V)
I
V2
: V
V1
, V
VS
– V
V2
= 28V
8.75
8.65
8.55
8.45
8.35
0
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
150
4416 G04
V
Gn(OFF)
(V)
–0.75
–1.00
I
VS
: V
V1
, V
V2
– V
VS
= 28V
–1.25
–1.50
–50
t
G(ON)
vs Temperature
100
C
Gn
= 15nF
V
VS
= V
VIN
– 200mV
10V
≤
V
V1
V
V2
≤
36V
t
G(ON)
(µs) AT 10V
50
t
G(ON)
(µs) AT 36V
25
t
G(OFF)
(µs)
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
0
–50
0
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
150
4416 G07
75
t
G(ON)
(µs)
U W
35
40
4416 G01
V
RTO
vs Temperature and Supply
Voltage
1.20
Normalized Quiescent Supply
Current vs Temperature
V
V1
= V
V2
= V
VS
= V
VIN
3.6V
≤
V
VIN
≤
36V
–21
–40°C
–22
1.10
1.00
0.90
0
5
25 30
10 15 20
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
35
40
0.80
–50 –25
NORMALIZED AT
V
IN
= 3.6V
V
IN
= 20V
V
IN
= 36V
0
25 50 75 100 125 150
TEMPERATURE (°C)
4416 G03
4416 G02
V
Gn(ON)
vs Temperature and V
IN
I
Gn
= 2µA
V
V1
= V
V2
= V
VIN
V
VS
= V
VIN
– 200mV
V
IN
= 10V
V
IN
= 36V
0.50
0.40
V
Gn(OFF)
vs Temperature and I
Gn
3.6V
≤
V
V1
V
V2
≤
36V
V
VS
= V
VIN
+ 200mV
I
Gn
= –20µA
0.30
I
Gn
= –10µA
0.20
I
Gn
= 0µA
0.10
8.25
–50
0
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
150
4416 G05
0
–50
0
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
150
4416 G06
t
G(OFF)
vs Temperature
t
G(OFF)
(µs) AT 36V
t
G(OFF)
(µs) AT 10V
C
Gn
= 15nF
V
VS
= V
VIN
+ 200mV
10V
≤
V
V1
V
V2
≤
36V
0
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
150
4416 G08
15
–50
4416fa
LTC4416/LTC4416-1
PI FU CTIO S
H1 (Pin 1):
Open-Drain Comparator Output of the E1 Pin.
If E1 > V
REF
, the H1 pin will go high impedance, otherwise
the pin will be grounded. The maximum voltage permitted
on this pin is 7V. This pin provides support for setting up
hysterisis to an external resistor network.
E1 (Pin 2):
LTC4416 Comparator Enable Input. A high
signal greater than V
REF
will enable the V1 path. The ideal
diode action will then determine if the V1 path should turn
on by controlling any PFET(s) connected to the G1 pin.
If the E1 signal is driven low, the V1 path will perform a
“soft-off” provided the PFET(s) are properly configured
for blocking DC current. An internal current sink will pull
the E1 pin down when the E1 input exceeds 1.5V.
E1 (Pin 2):
LTC4416-1 Comparator Enable Input. A high
signal greater than V
REF
will enable the V1 path. The ideal
diode action will then determine if the V1 path should turn
on by controlling any PFET(s) connected to the G1 pin.
If the E1 signal is driven low, the V1 path will be quickly
disabled by enabling the “fast-off” feature, pulling the G1
gate high. An internal current sink will pull the E1 pin down
when the E1 input exceeds 1.5V.
GND (Pin 3):
Ground. This pin provides a power return
path for all the internal circuits.
E2 (Pin 4):
LTC4416 Comparator Enable Input. A low
signal less than V
REF
will enable the V2 path. The ideal
diode action will then determine if the V2 path should turn
on by controlling any PFET(s) connected to the G2 pin.
If the E2 signal is driven high, the V2 path will perform a
“soft-off” provided the PFET(s) are properly configured
for blocking DC current. An internal current sink will pull
the E2 pin down when the E2 input exceeds 1.5V.
E2 (Pin 4):
LTC4416-1 Comparator Enable Input. A low
signal less than V
REF
will enable the V2 path. The ideal
diode action will then determine if the V2 path should turn
on by controlling any PFET(s) connected to the G2 pin.
If the E2 signal is driven high, the V2 path will be quickly
disabled by enabling the “fast-off” feature, pulling the G2
gate high. An internal current sink will pull the E2 pin down
when the E2 input exceeds 1.5V.
H2 (Pin 5):
Open-Drain Comparator Output of the E2 Pin.
If E2 > V
REF
, the H2 pin will go high impedance, otherwise
U
U
U
the pin will be grounded. The maximum voltage permitted
on this pin is 7V. This pin provides support for setting up
hysterisis to an external resistor network.
G2 (Pin 6):
Second P-Channel MOSFET Power Switch
Gate Drive Pin. This pin is directed by the second power
controller to maintain a forward regulation voltage (V
FR
)
of 25mV between the V2 and V
S
pins when V2 is greater
than V
S
. When V2 is less than V
S
, the G2 pin will pull up
to the V
S
pin voltage, turning off the second P-channel
power switch.
V2 (Pin 7):
Second Input Supply Voltage. Supplies power
to the second power controller and the band-gap refer-
ence. V2 is one of the two voltage sense inputs to the
second internal power controller (the other input to the
second internal power controller is the V
S
pin). This input
is usually supplied power from the second, or backup,
power source. This pin can be bypassed to ground with
a capacitor in the range of 0.1µF to 10µF if needed to
suppress load transients.
V
S
(Pin 8):
Power Sense Input Pin. Supplies power to
the internal circuitry of both the first and second power
controller and the band-gap reference. This pin is also a
voltage sense input to both internal analog controllers
(the other input to the first controller is the V1 pin and
the other input to the second controller is the V2 pin.)
This input may also be supplied power from an auxiliary
source which also supplies current to the load.
V1 (Pin 9):
First Input Supply Voltage. Supplies power to
the first power controller and the band-gap reference. V1
is one of the two voltage sense inputs to the first internal
power controller (the other input to the first internal power
controller is the V
S
pin). This input is usually supplied
power from the first, or primary, power source. This pin
can be bypassed to ground with a capacitor in the range
of 0.1µF to 10µF if needed to suppress load transients.
G1 (Pin 10):
First P-Channel MOSFET Power Switch Gate
Drive Pin. This pin is directed by the first power controller
to maintain a forward regulation voltage (V
FR
) of 25mV
between the V1 and V
S
pins when V1 is greater than V
S
.
When V1 is less than V
S
, the G1 pin will pull up to the V
S
pin
voltage, turning off the first P-channel power switch.
4416fa
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