SM2400
N-PLC Transceiver
MultiStandard Narrowband
Power Line Communication Modem
Communication technology by:
Semitech Semiconductor
Product Overview
The SM2400 is the ultimate Narrowband Power Line Communication (N-PLC) modem that combines cost effective
design optimized for PLC applications with a high level of programmability to address a multitude of communications
schemes and evolving standards. Extremely flexible, the SM2400 system-on chip (SoC) features a dual core architecture
for dedicated PHY signal processing and MAC layer functionality to guarantee superior communication performance
while maintaining very high levels of flexibility and programmability for OFDM-based and other open standards and fully
customized implementations. It contains a high-speed 256bit AES-CCM* engine to ensure standard compliance and
secure communication, and all the necessary mixed signal components, such as A/D, D/A, OpAmp’s, PGA to yield a cost
effective PLC system design for any N- PLC application.
Features
Dual core architecture with custom N-PLC optimized DSP and Data Link Layer 32bit controller
Supports a multitude of communication schemes via firmware loads
Configurable operational band within 5-500KHz range – compliant with CENELEC, FCC and ARIB
OFDM and FSK/S-FSK modulations
Compliant with IEEE 1901.2, PRIME, G3-PLC 1.3.6 and 1.4, CTIA/EIA709.2
Proprietary extra-robust operation modes: XR, XXR
Selectable differential and coherent BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and coherent 16QAM modulations
Configurable data rate up to 500kbps
Programmable frequency notching to improve coexistence
Jammer cancellation
Adaptive tone mapping (on-off sub-band bit loading)
FEC – Convolutional, Reed-Salomon and Viterbi coding
CRC16
Carrier RSSI, SNR and LQI indicators for best channel adaptation and L2/L3 metrics
Zero-crossing detector
Data Link Layer firmware options compliant with IEEE 1901.2, G3-PLC, PRIME, IEC61334-4-32 and others
IP adaptation layers – IPv4, 6LoWPAN
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) channel access
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
Meshing and self-discovery mechanisms
High performing custom DSP engine with embedded turnkey firmware featuring:
Programmable 32bit RISC protocol engine featuring:
CCM* with AES128 / AES256 encryption core
On-chip Peripheral Interfaces:
SPI (slave) / UART host i/f
Up to 19 firmware controllable GPIO’s
JTAG
SPI master for external flash
Up to 2 additional SPI slaves for metering, wireless transceiver or other devices
PB2400A–PWRLN–5/2016
Seamless interface to an external line driver for optimal system performance:
Integrated A/D and D/A
Integrated OpAmp’s for RX and TX
Integrated PGA
Offline mode
Listen mode
Receive mode
Transmit mode
Low power operation modes
3.3V (5V tolerant) digital I/O
Receiver sensitivity of -80dBV
-40 °C to +105 °C temperature range
LQFP64 package
Benefits
Single-chip modem with integrating Physical Layer (PHY) and Media Access Controller (MAC)
Multitude of operation modes addressing all common OFDM-based standards including full compliance with: IEEE
1901.2, G3-PLC, PRIME
Extremely robust proprietary modes of communication optimized for noisy power line environment
High flexibility to address standard evolution, new standards and special proprietary modes
Cost optimized system solution with integrated A/D, D/A, 2 OpAmp’s, PGA
Low power consumption
Applications
Smart grid communication
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Automated Meter Reading (AMR)
Street lighting control
Solar and alternative energy management
Smart home energy monitoring
Building automation (BA)
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Figure 1.
SM2400 N-PLC Transceiver
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Description
The SM2400 is a highly programmable OFDM based N-PLC modem combining PHY, MAC with mixed signal
components for optimal system cost and performance. The SM2400 combines the benefits of programmable architecture
with power and cost efficiency by utilizing two 32bit cores configured specifically for N-PLC modulations and protocols.
The SM2400 comes with a set of firmware bundles implementing IEEE 1901.2 compliant PHY and MAC layers, a
6LoWPAN data link layer as well as PRIME, G3-PLC, FSK/BPSK, and other special modes tailored for smart metering
and smart grid applications. The SM2400 is capable of achieving data rates of up to 500Kbps over 500KHz frequency
band.
Proprietary and patented modes (XXR and XR modes) enable robust communication in harsh conditions for applications
where standards compliance is not required.
The SM2400 enables secure communication featuring a 256-bit AES encryption core with CCM* mode support.
Integrated analog front end featuring ADC, DAC, gain control and two OpAmp's allows for a very efficient system design
with a low cost BOM.
The SM2400 executes its firmware from internal memory. The code is loaded at the boot time. The SM2400 can boot
ether from an external SPI flash or from a host CPU, if such is present in the system, via UART or SPI, where the MCU is
the master.
Typical Application Diagram
Figure 1-1. SM2400 Application Block Diagram
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Block Diagram
Figure 1-2. SM2400 Block Diagram
Modem
Selectable Modes and Modulations
The SM2400 can be configured to operate in one of several modes, such as: IEEE 1901.2, G3-PLC, PRIME,XR, XXR,
etc. Different modes require different firmware images and imply different operational frequency bands with a varying
number of carriers.
The SM2400 allows for configurable modulations per carrier. While most configurations are implied by the different
standards, special modes can be created using specific combinations of carriers and modulations to achieve best
performance in given channel conditions. The following modulations are available: Differential and coherent BPSK,
QPSK and 8PSK and coherent 16QAM.
Forward Error Correction
The SM2400 supports Reed-Solomon (255,239) and (255,247), and rate half Convolutional coding with constraint length
7 (generator polynomial is [133,171]). In G3-PLC and IEEE 1901.2 modes Convolutional coding is concatenated with RS
to achieve the best reliability. Special error correction modes include extra repetition coding for increased robustness and
puncturing for increased data rate on capable channels.
Communication Medium Metrics
The SM2400 provides several metrics to assist L2 and L3 channel adaptation and routing. These metrics are: RSSI, SNR
and LQI, which is a measure of the data rate. The RSSI is an estimate of received signal strength. Each packet received
can be interrogated for its estimated signal strength. This is very useful in determining the signal to noise ratio of different
nodes in the network. Even in low line noise conditions in a particular band the signal level might be attenuated
significantly making data transmission unreliable. Network management systems can also interrogate each node for
signal to noise ratios and create a database of all transmission path conditions. This produces a deterministic way of
identifying the need for where repeaters in difficult and dynamically changing environments.
Security
AES encryption engine conforms to FIPS 197 standard featuring CCM*, ECB, CBC, CTR modes and of up to 256 bit key
size.
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Zero-crossing Detector
The SM2400 has a zero-crossing input pin which takes signals generated by an external zero-crossing detector based
on the transition through zero volts of a 50Hz (or 60Hz) sinusoidal on the power line. The SM2400 provides a phase
detection feature allowing the transmission beginning at an arbitrary phase offset and measuring the phase offset of the
received packet.
Analog Front End (AFE)
The SM2400 integrates an AFE optimized for N-PLC communication, which includes ADC, DAC, PGA and 2 OpAmp’s to
achieve the best signal power with minimum external BOM. External components include coupling circuitry and high
voltage line driver that can vary for different applications and for different operational bands.
Peripheral Interfaces
The SM2400 includes several peripheral interfaces for adding optional components. Those interfaces include UART, SPI
master for external flash interface and JTAG. The second SPI extends to two additional devices that can be used for
telemetry or to interface to a wireless transceiver.
Boot Options
The SM2400 can be configured to boot in one of four ways:
Table 1-1.
Boot Options
Boot Mode
SPI Master
CI SPI Slave
CI UART
Reserved
MODE[2:0]
"000"
"001"
Description
Read and process valid bootsector
from SPI Master SSb0
Wait on Command Interface via SPI
Slave
Wait on Command Interface via
UART
Reserved
"010"
"1xx"
Contact Information
For more information regarding the SM2400 including application notes, product samples, demonstration modules,
pricing and ordering please contact:
Adesto Technologies
http://www.adestotech.com
Communication technology by:
Semitech Semiconductor
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