XDM2140
Product Overview
Based on DUST Networks’ SmartMesh-XD™ technology, RFM’s XDM2140
module is designed to provide excellent communications reliability and long
battery life in a wide range of sensor network applications. The XDM2140’s
combination of an IEEE802.15.4 transceiver and Time Synchronized Mesh
Protocol (TSMP) blends the reliability of self-organizing and self-healing mesh
networking with synchronized power duty cycling to achieve very long battery
life operation. The XDM2140 is tailored for use in battery and line powered
wireless devices for applications that require proven performance and
scalability. The multifunctional interface of the XDM2140 gives it the flexibility
to be used in a wide variety of applications, from energy management to
building control to machine health monitoring. The XDM2140 requires no
embedded programming, greatly reducing the development time and cost of a
wireless sensor network application. The XDM2140 is certified for unlicensed
operation in the USA, Canada and Europe. The XDM2140 complies with
Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS)
Pb
2.4 GHz
Ultra Low Power
Mesh
RF Transceiver
Module
Key Features
Ultra Low Power Consumption
•
•
Innovative radio design consumes 80% less
power in receive mode than competing solutions
Ultra-efficient power usage, enabled through
SmartMesh Intelligent Network management,
delivers over a decade of network operation on
two AA batteries
Automatic network-wide coordination for
efficient power usage
Easy Integration
•
XDM2140 provides all the module functionality
with no embedded programming or complex
configuration requirements
XDM2140 interfaces is well designed and
multi-functional
High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) serial
interface includes bi-directional flow control
Industrial temperature range -40 to +85 °C
XDM2140P version for plug-in installation,
XDM2140C version for solder reflow
•
•
•
•
•
Ultra Reliable Networking
•
•
•
•
SmartMesh-XD™ protocol delivers greater
than 99.9% typical network reliability
Frequency hopping provides interference
rejection and minimizes multipath fading
Mesh networking provides built-in redundancy
Every XDM2140 acts as both and endpoint and
a router, increasing network reliability with
mesh-to-the edge™
Automatic self-organizing mesh networking
capability built in
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Building Monitoring and Control
Machine Health Monitoring
Structural Integrity Monitoring
Energy Management
Asset Management
Temperature Monitoring
Urban Infrastructure Monitoring
Agricultural/Forestry Sensor Networks
•
www.RFM.com
E-mail:
info@rfm.com
©2008 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Technical support +1.800.704.6079
E-mail: tech_sup@rfm.com
Page 1 of 31
XDM2140 - 10/17/08
Table of Contents
1.0 XDM2140 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 4
2.0 Absolute Maximum Ratings.................................................................................................................... 6
3.0 Normal Operating Conditions ................................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Current Consumption........................................................................................................................ 6
4.0 Electrical Specifications.......................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Device Load ...................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Digital I/O Type 1 .............................................................................................................................. 7
4.3 Digital I/O Type 2 .............................................................................................................................. 7
5.0 RF Specifications ................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 Radio Specifications ......................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Antenna Specifications ..................................................................................................................... 8
6.0 Module Pinout ........................................................................................................................................ 9
7.0 Boot Sequence..................................................................................................................................... 10
8.0 Hardware Interfaces ............................................................................................................................. 10
8.1 /RESET IN ..................................................................................................................................... 10
8.2 /TIME ............................................................................................................................................. 10
8.3 /LED ............................................................................................................................................... 11
8.4 Settable I/O Modes ........................................................................................................................ 11
8.4.1 Mode1 - Three/Four/Five-signal Serial Interface (9600 b/s) ................................................ 11
8.4.2 Mode 3 - Five-signal Serial Interface (9600 b/s) .................................................................. 12
8.4.3 UART Timing Values............................................................................................................ 13
9.0 Command Set ...................................................................................................................................... 15
9.1 Command Data Types .................................................................................................................... 15
9.2 Command Format........................................................................................................................... 15
9.2.1 Command 0x80 - Serial Payload Sent to Serial Port ........................................................... 16
9.2.2 Command 0x81 - Unacknowledged Serial Payload Received from Serial Port .................. 16
9.2.3 Command 0x82 - Acknowledged Serial Payload Received from Serial Port....................... 17
9.2.4 Command 0x84 - Time/State Packet ................................................................................... 17
9.2.5 Commands 0x87 and 0x88 - Set Parameter Request/Response ........................................ 18
9.2.6 Commands 0x89 and 0x8A - Get Parameter Request/Response ....................................... 18
9.2.7 Command 0x8C - XDM2140 Information ............................................................................. 19
9.2.8 Command 0x8D - Reset XDM2140...................................................................................... 19
9.2.9 Command 0x09 - Deep Sleep.............................................................................................. 19
9.3 Get/Set Command Parameters ..................................................................................................... 20
9.3.1 Error Codes .......................................................................................................................... 21
9.3.2 Parameter Type 0x01 - Network ID...................................................................................... 21
9.3.3 Parameter Type 0x02 - XDM2140 State .............................................................................. 21
9.3.3.1 Configuration Change Flag (CCF) .............................................................................. 23
9.3.4 Parameter Type 0x03 - Frame Length ................................................................................. 23
9.3.5 Parameter Type 0x04 - Join Key.......................................................................................... 23
9.3.6 Parameter Type 0x05 - Time/Status .................................................................................... 24
www.RFM.com
E-mail:
info@rfm.com
©2008 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Technical support +1.800.704.6079
E-mail: tech_sup@rfm.com
Page 2 of 31
XDM2140 - 10/17/08
9.3.7 Parameter Type 0x07 - XDM2140 Information .................................................................... 24
9.3.8 Parameter Type 0x08 - Power Amplifier .............................................................................. 25
9.3.9 Parameter Type 0x0A - Charge Consumption..................................................................... 26
9.3.10 Parameter Type 0x0B - Power Source .............................................................................. 27
9.4 HDLC Packet Examples ................................................................................................................. 28
10.0 XDM2140 Outline Drawings ............................................................................................................... 31
10.1 XDM2140P Pinned Configuration................................................................................................. 31
10.2 XDM2140C Castellated Pad Configuration .................................................................................. 31
www.RFM.com
E-mail:
info@rfm.com
©2008 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Technical support +1.800.704.6079
E-mail: tech_sup@rfm.com
Page 3 of 31
XDM2140 - 10/17/08
1.0 XDM2140 Introduction
RFM’s XDM2140 is a 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 radio module designed to provide excellent communications
reliability and long battery life in a wide range of sensor network applications. The XDM2140 employs DUST
Networks’ SmartMesh-XD™ technology which blends the reliability of self-organizing and self-healing mesh
networking with synchronized power duty cycling to achieve very long battery life operation. The XDM2140 is
certified for unlicensed operation in the USA, Canada and Europe. An example XDM2140 network is shown in
Figure 1. The network consists of a Gateway and up to 250 XDM2140-based Sensor Nodes. The Gateway
consists of a SmartMesh-XD™ radio and a single-board Linux computer. The Gateway includes the XDM2140
network manager function and provides the application interfaces. The Gateway includes an Ethernet port that
supports XML-based network commands, and two RS232 serial ports that support binary string network
commands, diagnostics, etc.
X D M 2 1 4 0 N e tw o rk
X D M 2 1 4 0
S e n s o r
N o d e 4
X D M 2 1 4 0
S e n s o r
N o d e 1
N e tw o rk
G a te w a y
X D M 2 1 4 0
S e n s o r
N o d e 3
X D M 2 1 4 0
S e n s o r
N o d e 2
X D M 2 1 4 0
S e n s o r
N o d e 5
Figure 1
SmartMesh-XD™ traffic is organized in to TDMA frames consisting of 31.25 ms time slots. The Gateway assigns
time slots to each XDM2140 node in the network, and then maintains a precise report interval (frame-to-frame
period) to provide a highly synchronized network. Network operation also hops from channel to channel in a
pseudorandom pattern to mitigate the effects of multipath fading and narrowband interference. The Gateway
monitors performance on each channel and will temporarily discontinue the use of a channel that is showing poor
performance statistics.
Mesh networking allows traffic to be passed from sensor node to sensor node so that messages can be delivered
to and from sensor nodes that can not communicate directly with the Gateway. At least two paths are maintained
by the network for communication between each field node and the Gateway. As needed, a new paths will be
automatically established to replace a failing paths to maintain network performance.
www.RFM.com
E-mail:
info@rfm.com
©2008 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Technical support +1.800.704.6079
E-mail: tech_sup@rfm.com
Page 4 of 31
XDM2140 - 10/17/08
As shown in Figure 2, each sensor node in the network consists of an XDM2140 radio module and a host
microcontroller with sensor I/O electronics. The host microcontroller communicates with the XDM2140 radio
module on a serial interface using binary command and response strings as discussed in Section 9 of this
document.
T y p ic a l X D M 2 1 4 0 A p p lic a tio n
+
/L E D
R X
T X
X D M 2 1 4 0
/M T _ R T S
/S P _ C T S
/M T _ C T S
/T IM E
H o s t
M ic r o c o n tr o lle r
a n d
S e n s o r
I/O
A n a lo g
a n d /o r
D ig ita l
In p u ts
A n a lo
a n d /o
D ig ita
O u tp u
r
g
l
ts
Figure 2
RFM’s XDM2140 delivers the exceptional network reliability and long battery life capabilities of SmartMesh-XD™
technology in a fully functional, certified radio module that is easily interfaced to a wide variety of sensor network
applications.
www.RFM.com
E-mail:
info@rfm.com
©2008 by RF Monolithics, Inc.
Technical support +1.800.704.6079
E-mail: tech_sup@rfm.com
Page 5 of 31
XDM2140 - 10/17/08
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