19-2970; Rev 3; 1/09
IT
TION K
VALUA
E
BLE
AVAILA
WCDMA Quasi-Direct Modulator
with VGA and PA Driver
General Description
Features
o
5% EVM for P
OUT
= +6dBm
o
1920MHz to 1980MHz Operation
o
+2.7V to +3.3V Single-Supply Operation
o
+6dBm Output Power at 72mA
o
81dB Minimum Automatic Gain-Control (AGC)
Range
o
Automatic I
CC
Throttle Back for Optimal Power
Consumption
o
No IF SAW Filter Necessary
o
On-Chip RF PLL, with Fully Monolithic VCO
o
Ultra-Low External Component Count
MAX2395
The MAX2395 fully monolithic quasi-direct modulator IC
is designed for use in WCDMA/UMTS transmitters. The
quasi-direct modulation architecture reduces system
cost, component count, and board space compared to
transmitters using an IF SAW filter with IF VCO and IF
synthesizer blocks.
The MAX2395 includes I/Q baseband filters, an IF I/Q
modulator with VGA, a fully monolithic VCO with PLL,
an upconverter mixer, an RF VGA, and a power amplifi-
er (PA) driver. The use of the quasi-direct modulator
scheme ensures 5% (typ) EVM and a 30dB (min) carri-
er suppression. The RF VGA and IF VGA provide a
nominal 90dB of output power control. No external local
oscillators are required, enabling efficient implementa-
tion of variable duplex offset systems.
The PLL is programmed by loading data on the SPI™/
MICROWIRE™-compatible 3-wire serial bus. The IC
operates from a single +2.7V to +3.3V supply. The
devices are available in space-saving 28-pin QFN and
thin QFN exposed-pad packages (5mm x 5mm).
Ordering Information
PART
MAX2395EGI
MAX2395ETI
MAX2395ETI+
TEMP RANGE
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
PIN-PACKAGE
28 QFN-EP*
28 TQFN-EP*
28 TQFN-EP*
Applications
WCDMA Phones
UMTS/EDGE Phones
W-TDD Phones
*EP
= Exposed pad.
+Denotes
a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
Pin Configuration/
Functional Diagram
VTUNE
22
21
20
RF
INTEGER-N
PLL
19
18
17
90°
MAX2395
16
REF
GND_VCO
V
CC_
VCO
RFCP
V
CC_
CP
SDATA
SCLK
N.C.
N.C.
24
+
N.C.
POUT
1
2
3
4
5
6
28
27
SERIAL
BUS
26
25
23
V
CC_
PA
BIAS_SET
VGC
LO
GEN
BVP
CS
SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.
0°
V
CC_
PLL
MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp.
V
CC_
IF
V
CC_
BB
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
LD
IDLE
SHDN
I+
I-
Q+
Q-
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
N.C.
1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
WCDMA Quasi-Direct Modulator
with VGA and PA Driver
MAX2395
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
V
CC
to GND ...........................................................-0.3V to +3.6V
All Other Pins to GND..................................-0.3V to V
CC_
+ 0.3V
I_, Q_, REF to GND..............................................................1V
P-P
Digital Input Current .........................................................±10mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
28-Pin QFN (derate 20.8mW/°C above +70°C) .........1667mW
28-Pin TQFN (derate 21.3mW/°C above +70°C) .......1702mW
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
CAUTION!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
CC
= +2.7V to +3.3V, R
BIAS
= 12kΩ, T
A
= -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at V
CC
= +2.85V and T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise
noted.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER
Supply Voltage Range
V
VGC
= 0.35V
Operating Supply Current
P
OUT
= 0dBm
P
OUT
= +6dBm
Idle Current
Shutdown Current
VGC Input Current
VGC Input Current During Shutdown
Gain-Control Voltage Range
Lock Indicator High—Leakage Current
Lock Indicator Low—Sink Voltage
SHDN
Input Logic-High, V
DH
SHDN
Input Logic-Low
SHDN
Input Resistance
Digital Input Logic-High, V
IH
Digital Input Logic-Low, V
IL
Digital Control Pin Input Current
I/Q Input Leakage Current
I/Q DC Common-Mode Voltage
Resistance to ground
All digital input pins including
IDLE,
SDATA,
SCLK, and
CS
(Note 3)
All digital input pins including
IDLE,
SDATA,
SCLK, and
CS
(Note 3)
IDLE,
SDATA, SCLK, and
CS
PLL locked, V
LD
= V
CC
PLL unlocked, sinking 100µA
1.5
0
50
0.7 x
V
DH
0
-10
-10
1.35
1.45
V
CC
0.3 x
V
DH
+10
+10
1.65
SHDN
= V
IL
0.35
IDLE
= V
IL
SHDN
= 0
-10
IDLE_PRG = 0
IDLE_PRG = 1
CONDITIONS
MIN
2.7
TYP
2.85
46
67
72
16
19
0.5
MAX
3.3
60
82
90
21
27
10
+10
1
2.20
4
0.4
V
CC
0.5
µA
µA
µA
V
µA
V
V
V
k
V
V
µA
µA
V
mA
UNITS
V
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
WCDMA Quasi-Direct Modulator
with VGA and PA Driver
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAX2395 EV kit, V
CC
= +2.7V to +3.3V, R
BIAS
= 12kΩ, V
VGC
adjusted to obtain maximum rated output power, and T
A
= -40°C to
+85°C. I/Q inputs driven differentially with low- impedance source based on 3GPP UpLink reference measurement channel
(12.2kbps), envelope level 1V
P-P
. Typical values are at V
CC
= +2.85V and T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted. See Tables 1 and 3 for
register settings.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
CASCADED RF SPECIFICATIONS
RF Frequency Range
(Notes 4, 6)
Maximum Output Power
(Note 6)
Out-of-Band Emissions
(Note 6)
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio,
ACPR1 (Notes 5, 6)
Alternate Channel Power Ratio,
ACPR2 (Notes 5, 6)
Output Noise Power Density
(Note 6)
Minimum Output Power
Carrier Suppression
Sideband Suppression
EVM (Note 6)
Including BB filter, P
OUT
= +6dBm
Including BB filter, P
OUT
= -44dBm
I/Q MODULATION BASEBAND INPUTS
Passband Amplitude Ripple
Baseband Selectivity
INTEGER-N RF PLL
Main PLL Integer Division Ratios
Reference Frequency Range
Input Frequency for Reference
Frequency Doubler
Reference-Divider Ratio
Charge-Pump Nominal Currents
(Sink or Source)
Charge-Pump Leakage Current
OPCTRL register bit 7 = 1
9-bit register
Locked, RCP1/RCP0 = 0 1, V
CC
/2
Locked, RCP1/RCP0 = 1 1, V
CC
/2
1200
2000
16-bit register (64/65 dual-modulus prescaler)
4032
8
13
80
1500
2500
9750
19.2
65,535
40
16
511
1800
3000
20
µA
nA
MHz
MHz
DC to 2MHz (Notes 6, 7)
Relative to passband
At 8.08MHz
At 13.44MHz
-0.3
8
25
35
50
+0.4
dB
dB
VGC set for maximum output power while meeting
ACPR1, ACPR2, out-of-band emissions, and output
noise density specifications
At f = 1575MHz
At RF + 2 x IF (image)
∆∆f
= ±5MHz/3.84MHz
BW
∆∆f
= ±10MHz/3.84MHz BW
P
OUT
= +6dBm at 1920MHz, noise measured at 1880MHz
P
OUT
= +6dBm at 1980MHz, noise measured at 2110MHz
V
VGC
= 0.35V
30
32
5
8.6
7.5
14.6
P
OUT
> 0dBm and T
A
> 0°C
P
OUT
≤
0dBm and T
A
≤
0°C
1920
1950
1980
MHz
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
MAX2395
6
-31
-13
-48
-45
-60
-140
-146
-85
-24
-8.5
-45
-43
-57
-137
dBm
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc/Hz
-143
-78
dBm
dB
dB
%
RMS
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
WCDMA Quasi-Direct Modulator
with VGA and PA Driver
MAX2395
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX2395 EV kit, V
CC
= +2.7V to +3.3V, R
BIAS
= 12kΩ, V
VGC
adjusted to obtain maximum rated output power, and T
A
= -40°C to
+85°C. I/Q inputs driven differentially with low- impedance source based on 3GPP UpLink reference measurement channel
(12.2kbps), envelope level 1V
P-P
. Typical values are at V
CC
= +2.85V and T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted. See Tables 1 and 3 for
register settings.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
ON-CHIP VCO
Phase Noise
Supply Pushing
RF VCO Pulling
3-WIRE SERIAL BUS INTERFACE
Data to Clock Setup, t
CS
Data to Clock Hold Time, t
CH
Clock Pulse-Width High, t
CWH
Clock Pulse-Width Low, t
CWL
Clock to Load Enable/Setup
Time, t
ES
Clock Frequency
Figure 1 (Note 6)
Figure 1 (Note 6)
Figure 1 (Note 6)
Figure 1 (Note 6)
Figure 1 (Note 6)
(Note 6)
20
10
20
20
20
20
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
MHz
At 3MHz offset, measured at the center of the RF band
(Note 6)
Supply stepped from +2.7V to +3.3V, with on-chip
voltage regulator
When switching from
IDLE
mode to active Tx mode
-130
±0.15
±0.1
-128
dBc/Hz
MHz/V
MHz
P-P
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Note 1:
The following parameters are characterized using the register settings below.
Table 1. Characterization Register Settings
REGISTER
RFR
OPCTRL
SETTINGS
4050 hex
(80 dec for
÷R)
3B7D hex
ADDRESS
0000
b
0100
b
FUNCTION
Reference-divider register
Operational control settings
Note 2:
Note 3:
Note 4:
Note 5:
Note 6:
Note 7:
Guaranteed at T
A
= +25°C and T
A
= +85°C by production test, and guaranteed by design and characterization at T
A
= -40°C.
V
DH
is the high voltage applied to the shutdown pin.
Output power, linearity, noise power, and LO leakage specifications are met over this frequency range.
Specifications valid for all output power levels, unless limited by thermal noise at lower output power levels.
Guaranteed by design and characterization.
Tested at 1MHz and 2MHz in the passband.
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
WCDMA Quasi-Direct Modulator
with VGA and PA Driver
MAX2395
Typical Operating Characteristics
(V
CC
= +2.85V, f
RF
= 1950MHz, MPL = 1, and T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
P
OUT
ACPR1 vs. V
VGC
MAX2395 toc01
MAX2395 toc02
EVM vs. P
OUT
10
9
8
T
A
= -40°C
7
6
5
4
-30 -26 -22 -18 -14 -10
P
OUT
(dBm)
-6
-2
2
6
T
A
= +85°C
T
A
= +25°C
20
10
P
OUT
(dBm), ACPR (dBc)
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
1.5
1.6
T
A
= -40°C
OUTPUT SPECTRUM vs. FREQUENCY
WANTED SIGNAL, 0dB
RF IMAGE, 15dB
RF LO-3IF, RF LO-2IF,
-32dB
-35dB
RF LO, -42dB
0
OUTPUT SPECTRUM (dBm)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
MAX2395 toc03
MAX2395 toc09
MAX2395 toc06
10
EVM (%
RMS
)
T
A
= +85°C
T
A
= +25°C
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
FREQUENCY (GHz)
V
VGC
(V)
OUTPUT NOISE DENSITY vs. V
VGC
MAX2395 toc04
I
CC
vs. V
VGC
100
90
80
I
CC
(mA)
T
A
= +85°C
V
CC
= 2.7V TO 3.3V,
INPUT APPLIED
MAX2395 toc05
BASEBAND FILTER REPSONSE
10
0
FILTER RESPONSE (dB)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
OUTPUT POWER NOISE DENSITY (dBm/Hz)
-130
-132
-134
-136
-138
-140
-142
-144
-146
-148
-150
-152
-154
110
f
RF
= 1922.4MHz
T
A
= +25°C
T
A
= -40°C
f = 2112.4MHz
T
A
= +85°C
f = 1880MHz
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
70
60
50
40
30
20
T
A
= +25°C
T
A
= -40°C
-60
0.4 0.6
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
V
VGC
(V)
0
2
4
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
FREQUENCY (MHz)
V
VGC
(V)
CARRIER AND SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION
vs. P
OUT
CARRIER AND SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc)
CARRIER
50
40
30
20
10
0
-74
-64
-54
-44
-34
-24
-14
-4
6
P
OUT
(dBm)
SIDEBAND
MAX2395 toc07
VGC SLOPE LINEARITY vs. P
OUT
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
-74
-64
-54
-44
-34
-24
-14
-4
6
P
OUT
(dBm)
T
A
= -40°C
-20
-25
0
T
A
= +25°C
FREQUENCY (kHz)
SLOPE (dB/V)
T
A
= +85°C
MAX2395 toc08
FREQUENCY SETTLING TIME
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
FROM 1920MHz
TO 1980MHz
FROM IDLE
FROM SHDN
60
70
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
TIME (µs)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
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