*Contact factory for AVX SRC9000 Space Level SCD details.
For RoHS compliant products,
please select correct termination style.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Technical Data:
Capacitance Range:
Capacitance Tolerance:
Rated Voltage (V
R
)
Category Voltage (V
C
)
Surge Voltage (V
S
)
Surge Voltage (V
S
)
Temperature Range:
Unless otherwise specified, all technical data relate to an ambient
0.10 μF to 100 μF
±5%; ±10%; ±20%
85°C:
4
6
10
15
20
25
35
125°C:
2.7
4
6.7
10
13.3
16.7
23.3
85°C:
5.3
8
13.3
20
26.7
33.3
46.7
125°C:
3.5
5.3
8.7
13.3
17.8
22.2
31.1
-55°C to +125°C
temperature of 25°C
50
33.3
66.7
44.5
9
TAZ Series
CWR09 - MIL-PRF-55365/4
Established Reliability, COTS-Plus & Space Level
RATING & PART NUMBER REFERENCE
CWR09 P/N
AVX MIL & COTS-Plus P/N
TAZ R 334 * 004 C
TAZ R 225 * 004 C
TAZ A 225 * 004 C
TAZ B 475 * 004 C
TAZ C 685 * 004 C
TAZ D 106 * 004 C
TAZ E 156 * 004 C
TAZ F 336 * 004 C
TAZ G 686 * 004 C
TAZ H 107 * 004 C
TAZ A 155 * 006 C
TAZ B 335 * 006 C
TAZ C 475 * 006 C
TAZ D 685 * 006 C
TAZ E 106 * 006 C
TAZ F 226 * 006 C
TAZ G 476 * 006 C
TAZ H 686 * 006 C
TAZ R 334 * 010 C
TAZ R 474 * 010 C
TAZ R 105 * 010 C
TAZ A 105 * 010 C
TAZ B 225 * 010 C
TAZ C 335 * 010 C
TAZ D 475 * 010 C
TAZ E 685 * 010 C
TAZ F 156 * 010 C
TAZ G 336 * 010 C
TAZ H 476 * 010 C
TAZ A 684 * 015 C
TAZ B 155 * 015 C
TAZ C 225 * 015 C
TAZ D 335 * 015 C
TAZ E 475 * 015 C
TAZ F 106 * 015 C
TAZ G 226 * 015 C
TAZ H 336 * 015 C
TAZ A 474 * 020 C
TAZ B 684 * 020 C
TAZ B 105 * 020 C
TAZ C 155 * 020 C
TAZ D 225 * 020 C
TAZ E 335 * 020 C
TAZ F 685 * 020 C
TAZ G 156 * 020 C
TAZ H 226 * 020 C
TAZ A 334 * 025 C
TAZ B 684 * 025 C
TAZ C 105 * 025 C
TAZ D 155 * 025 C
TAZ E 225 * 025 C
TAZ F 475 * 025 C
TAZ G 685 * 025 C
TAZ G 106 * 025 C
TAZ H 156 * 025 C
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
Parametric Specifications by Rating per MIL-PRF-55365/4
Cap
DC Rated
ESR
DCL max
DF Max
@ 120Hz Voltage @ 100kHz
+25ºC
+85ºC
+125ºC
+25ºC
+(85/125)ºC
μF
V
Ohms
AVX SRC9000 P/N
Case
(μA)
(μA)
(μA)
(%)
(%)
@ 25ºC
@ +85ºC @ +25ºC
R
0.33
4
45
1
10
12
6
8
R
2.2
4
12
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ A 225 * 004 C L @ 9 ^ ++ A
2.2
4
8
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ B 475 * 004 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
4.7
4
8
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ C 685 * 004 C L @ 9 ^ ++ C
6.8
4
5.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ D 106 * 004 C L @ 9 ^ ++ D
10
4
4
1
10
12
8
8
TAZ E 156 * 004 C L @ 9 ^ ++ E
15
4
3.5
1
10
12
8
10
TAZ F 336 * 004 C L @ 9 ^ ++
F
33
4
2.2
2
20
24
8
10
TAZ G 686 * 004 C L @ 9 ^ ++ G
68
4
1.1
3
30
36
10
12
TAZ H 107 * 004 C L @ 9 ^ ++ H
100
4
0.9
4
40
48
10
12
TAZ A 155 * 006 C L @ 9 ^ ++ A
1.5
6
8
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ B 335 * 006 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
3.3
6
8
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ C 475 * 006 C L @ 9 ^ ++ C
4.7
6
5.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ D 685 * 006 C L @ 9 ^ ++ D
6.8
6
4.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ E 106 * 006 C L @ 9 ^ ++ E
10
6
3.5
1
10
12
8
10
TAZ F 226 * 006 C L @ 9 ^ ++
F
22
6
2.2
2
20
24
8
10
TAZ G 476 * 006 C L @ 9 ^ ++ G
47
6
1.1
3
30
36
10
12
TAZ H 686 * 006 C L @ 9 ^ ++ H
68
6
0.9
4
40
48
10
12
R
0.33
10
50
1
10
12
6
8
R
0.47
10
50
1
10
12
6
8
R
1
10
10
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ A 105 * 010 C L @ 9 ^ ++ A
1
10
10
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ B 225 * 010 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
2.2
10
8
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ C 335 * 010 C L @ 9 ^ ++ C
3.3
10
5.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ D 475 * 010 C L @ 9 ^ ++ D
4.7
10
4.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ E 685 * 010 C L @ 9 ^ ++ E
6.8
10
3.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ F 156 * 010 C L @ 9 ^ ++
F
15
10
2.5
2
20
24
8
8
TAZ G 336 * 010 C L @ 9 ^ ++ G
33
10
1.1
3
30
36
10
12
TAZ H 476 * 010 C L @ 9 ^ ++ H
47
10
0.9
5
50
60
10
12
TAZ A 684 * 015 C L @ 9 ^ ++ A
0.68
15
12
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ B 155 * 015 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
1.5
15
8
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ C 225 * 015 C L @ 9 ^ ++ C
2.2
15
5.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ D 335 * 015 C L @ 9 ^ ++ D
3.3
15
5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ E 475 * 015 C L @ 9 ^ ++ E
4.7
15
4
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ F 106 * 015 C L @ 9 ^ ++
F
10
15
2.5
2
20
24
6
8
TAZ G 226 * 015 C L @ 9 ^ ++ G
22
15
1.1
4
40
48
6
8
TAZ H 336 * 015 C L @ 9 ^ ++ H
33
15
0.9
5
50
60
8
8
TAZ A 474 * 020 C L @ 9 ^ ++ A
0.47
20
14
1
10
12
8
8
TAZ B 684 * 020 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
0.68
20
10
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ B 105 * 020 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
1
20
12
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ C 155 * 020 C L @ 9 ^ ++ C
1.5
20
6
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ D 225 * 020 C L @ 9 ^ ++ D
2.2
20
5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ E 335 * 020 C L @ 9 ^ ++ E
3.3
20
4
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ F 685 * 020 C L @ 9 ^ ++
F
6.8
20
2.4
2
20
24
6
8
TAZ G 156 * 020 C L @ 9 ^ ++ G
15
20
1.1
3
30
36
6
8
TAZ H 226 * 020 C L @ 9 ^ ++ H
22
20
0.9
4
40
48
6
8
TAZ A 334 * 025 C L @ 9 ^ ++ A
0.33
25
15
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ B 684 * 025 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
0.68
25
7.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ C 105 * 025 C L @ 9 ^ ++ C
1
25
6.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ D 155 * 025 C L @ 9 ^ ++ D
1.5
25
6.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ E 225 * 025 C L @ 9 ^ ++ E
2.2
25
3.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ F 475 * 025 C L @ 9 ^ ++
F
4.7
25
2.5
2
20
24
6
8
TAZ G 685 * 025 C L @ 9 ^ ++ G
6.8
25
1.2
2
20
24
6
8
TAZ G 106 * 025 C L @ 9 ^ ++ G
10
25
1.4
3
30
36
6
8
TAZ H 156 * 025 C L @ 9 ^ ++ H
15
25
1
4
40
48
6
8
-55ºC
(%)
8
8
8
8
8
10
12
12
12
12
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
12
12
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
25ºC
Dissipation
Ripple
A
W
(100kHz)
0.030
0.03
0.030
0.05
0.050
0.08
0.070
0.09
0.075
0.12
0.080
0.14
0.090
0.16
0.100
0.21
0.125
0.34
0.150
0.41
0.050
0.08
0.070
0.09
0.075
0.12
0.080
0.13
0.090
0.16
0.100
0.21
0.125
0.34
0.150
0.41
0.030
0.02
0.030
0.02
0.030
0.05
0.050
0.07
0.070
0.09
0.075
0.12
0.080
0.13
0.090
0.16
0.100
0.20
0.125
0.34
0.150
0.41
0.050
0.06
0.070
0.09
0.075
0.12
0.080
0.13
0.090
0.15
0.100
0.20
0.125
0.34
0.150
0.41
0.050
0.06
0.070
0.08
0.070
0.08
0.075
0.11
0.080
0.13
0.090
0.15
0.100
0.20
0.125
0.34
0.150
0.41
0.050
0.06
0.070
0.10
0.075
0.11
0.080
0.11
0.090
0.16
0.100
0.20
0.125
0.32
0.125
0.30
0.150
0.39
Power
Typical Ripple Data by Rating
85ºC
125ºC
25ºC
Ripple
Ripple
Ripple
A
A
V
(100kHz) (100kHz) (100kHz)
0.02
0.01
1.16
0.05
0.02
0.60
0.07
0.03
0.63
0.08
0.04
0.75
0.11
0.05
0.64
0.13
0.06
0.57
0.14
0.06
0.56
0.19
0.09
0.47
0.30
0.13
0.37
0.37
0.16
0.37
0.07
0.03
0.63
0.08
0.04
0.75
0.11
0.05
0.64
0.12
0.05
0.60
0.14
0.06
0.56
0.19
0.09
0.47
0.30
0.13
0.37
0.37
0.16
0.37
0.02
0.01
1.22
0.02
0.01
1.22
0.05
0.02
0.55
0.06
0.03
0.71
0.08
0.04
0.75
0.11
0.05
0.64
0.12
0.05
0.60
0.14
0.06
0.56
0.18
0.08
0.50
0.30
0.13
0.37
0.37
0.16
0.37
0.06
0.03
0.77
0.08
0.04
0.75
0.11
0.05
0.64
0.11
0.05
0.63
0.14
0.06
0.60
0.18
0.08
0.50
0.30
0.13
0.37
0.37
0.16
0.37
0.05
0.02
0.84
0.08
0.03
0.84
0.07
0.03
0.92
0.10
0.04
0.67
0.11
0.05
0.63
0.14
0.06
0.60
0.18
0.08
0.49
0.30
0.13
0.37
0.37
0.16
0.37
0.05
0.02
0.87
0.09
0.04
0.72
0.10
0.04
0.70
0.10
0.04
0.72
0.14
0.06
0.56
0.18
0.08
0.50
0.29
0.13
0.39
0.27
0.12
0.42
0.35
0.15
0.39
85ºC
Ripple
V
(100kHz)
1.05
0.54
0.57
0.67
0.58
0.51
0.51
0.42
0.33
0.33
0.57
0.67
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.42
0.33
0.33
1.10
1.10
0.49
0.64
0.67
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.45
0.33
0.33
0.70
0.67
0.58
0.57
0.54
0.45
0.33
0.33
0.75
0.75
0.82
0.60
0.57
0.54
0.44
0.33
0.33
0.78
0.65
0.63
0.65
0.51
0.45
0.35
0.38
0.35
125ºC
Ripple
V
(100kHz)
0.46
0.24
0.25
0.30
0.26
0.23
0.22
0.19
0.15
0.15
0.25
0.30
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.19
0.15
0.15
0.49
0.49
0.22
0.28
0.30
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.15
0.15
0.31
0.30
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.20
0.15
0.15
0.33
0.33
0.37
0.27
0.25
0.24
0.20
0.15
0.15
0.35
0.29
0.28
0.29
0.22
0.20
0.15
0.17
0.15
CWR09C^225*@+
CWR09C^475*@+
CWR09C^685*@+
CWR09C^106*@+
CWR09C^156*@+
CWR09C^336*@+
CWR09C^686*@+
CWR09C^107*@+
CWR09D^155*@+
CWR09D^335*@+
CWR09D^475*@+
CWR09D^685*@+
CWR09D^106*@+
CWR09D^226*@+
CWR09D^476*@+
CWR09D^686*@+
CWR09F^105*@+
CWR09F^225*@+
CWR09F^335*@+
CWR09F^475*@+
CWR09F^685*@+
CWR09F^156*@+
CWR09F^336*@+
CWR09F^476*@+
CWR09H^684*@+
CWR09H^155*@+
CWR09H^225*@+
CWR09H^335*@+
CWR09H^475*@+
CWR09H^106*@+
CWR09H^226*@+
CWR09H^336*@+
CWR09J^474*@+
CWR09J^684*@+
CWR09J^105*@+
CWR09J^155*@+
CWR09J^225*@+
CWR09J^335*@+
CWR09J^685*@+
CWR09J^156*@+
CWR09J^226*@+
CWR09K^334*@+
CWR09K^684*@+
CWR09K^105*@+
CWR09K^155*@+
CWR09K^225*@+
CWR09K^475*@+
CWR09K^685*@+
CWR09K^106*@+
CWR09K^156*@+
All technical data relates to an ambient temperature of +25°C. Capacitance and DF are measured at 120Hz, 0.5V RMS with a maximum DC bias of 2.2 volts. DCL is measured at rated voltage after 5 minutes.
NOTE: AVX reserves the right to supply a higher voltage rating or tighter tolerance part in the same case size, to the same reliability standards.
10
TAZ Series
CWR09 - MIL-PRF-55365/4
Established Reliability, COTS-Plus & Space Level
RATING & PART NUMBER REFERENCE
CWR09 P/N
CWR09M^224*@+
CWR09M^474*@+
CWR09M^684*@+
CWR09M^105*@+
CWR09M^155*@+
CWR09M^335*@+
CWR09M^475*@+
CWR09M^685*@+
CWR09N^104*@+
CWR09N^154*@+
CWR09N^224*@+
CWR09N^334*@+
CWR09N^474*@+
CWR09N^684*@+
CWR09N^105*@+
CWR09N^155*@+
CWR09N^225*@+
CWR09N^335*@+
CWR09N^475*@+
AVX MIL & COTS-Plus p/n
TAZ A 224 * 035 C
TAZ B 474 * 035 C
TAZ C 684 * 035 C
TAZ D 105 * 035 C
TAZ E 155 * 035 C
TAZ F 335 * 035 C
TAZ G 475 * 035 C
TAZ H 685 * 035 C
TAZ A 104 * 050 C
TAZ A 154 * 050 C
TAZ B 224 * 050 C
TAZ B 334 * 050 C
TAZ C 474 * 050 C
TAZ D 684 * 050 C
TAZ E 105 * 050 C
TAZ F 155 * 050 C
TAZ F 225 * 050 C
TAZ G 335 * 050 C
TAZ H 475 * 050 C
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
# @ 0 ^ ++
Parametric Specifications by Rating per MIL-PRF-55365/4
Cap
DC Rated
ESR
DCL max
DF Max
@ 120Hz Voltage @ 100kHz
+25ºC
+85ºC
+125ºC
+25ºC
+(85/125)ºC
μF
V
Ohms
AVX SRC9000 P/N
Case
(μA)
(μA)
(μA)
(%)
(%)
@ 25ºC
@ +85ºC @ +25ºC
TAZ A 224 * 035 C L @ 9 ^ ++ A
0.22
35
18
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ B 474 * 035 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
0.47
35
10
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ C 684 * 035 C L @ 9 ^ ++ C
0.68
35
8
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ D 105 * 035 C L @ 9 ^ ++ D
1
35
6.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ E 155 * 035 C L @ 9 ^ ++ E
1.5
35
4.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ F 335 * 035 C L @ 9 ^ ++
F
3.3
35
2.5
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ G 475 * 035 C L @ 9 ^ ++ G
4.7
35
1.5
2
20
24
6
8
TAZ H 685 * 035 C L @ 9 ^ ++ H
6.8
35
1.3
3
30
36
6
8
TAZ A 104 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++ A
0.1
50
22
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ A 154 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++ A
0.15
50
17
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ B 224 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
0.22
50
14
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ B 334 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++ B
0.33
50
12
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ C 474 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++ C
0.47
50
8
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ D 684 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++ D
0.68
50
7
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ E 105 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++ E
1
50
6
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ F 155 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++
F
1.5
50
4
1
10
12
6
8
TAZ F 225 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++
F
2.2
50
2.5
2
20
24
6
8
TAZ G 335 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++ G
3.3
50
2
2
20
24
6
8
TAZ H 475 * 050 C L @ 9 ^ ++ H
4.7
50
1.5
3
30
36
6
8
-55ºC
(%)
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
25ºC
Dissipation
Ripple
A
W
(100kHz)
0.050
0.05
0.070
0.08
0.075
0.10
0.080
0.11
0.090
0.14
0.100
0.20
0.125
0.29
0.150
0.34
0.050
0.05
0.050
0.05
0.070
0.07
0.070
0.08
0.075
0.10
0.080
0.11
0.090
0.12
0.100
0.16
0.100
0.20
0.125
0.25
0.150
0.32
Power
Typical Ripple Data by Rating
85ºC
125ºC
25ºC
Ripple
Ripple
Ripple
A
A
V
(100kHz) (100kHz) (100kHz)
0.05
0.02
0.95
0.08
0.03
0.84
0.09
0.04
0.77
0.10
0.04
0.72
0.13
0.06
0.64
0.18
0.08
0.50
0.26
0.12
0.43
0.31
0.14
0.44
0.04
0.02
1.05
0.05
0.02
0.92
0.06
0.03
0.99
0.07
0.03
0.92
0.09
0.04
0.77
0.10
0.04
0.75
0.11
0.05
0.73
0.14
0.06
0.63
0.18
0.08
0.50
0.23
0.10
0.50
0.28
0.13
0.47
85ºC
Ripple
V
(100kHz)
0.85
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.57
0.45
0.39
0.40
0.94
0.83
0.89
0.82
0.70
0.67
0.66
0.57
0.45
0.45
0.43
125ºC
Ripple
V
(100kHz)
0.38
0.33
0.31
0.29
0.25
0.20
0.17
0.18
0.42
0.37
0.40
0.37
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.25
0.20
0.20
0.19
All technical data relates to an ambient temperature of +25°C. Capacitance and DF are measured at 120Hz, 0.5V RMS with a maximum DC bias of 2.2 volts. DCL is measured at rated voltage after 5 minutes.
NOTE: AVX reserves the right to supply a higher voltage rating or tighter tolerance part in the same case size, to the same reliability standards.
11
TAZ Series
CWR19 - MIL-PRF-55365/11
Established Reliability, COTS-Plus & Space Level
The series is qualified to MIL-PRF-55365 Weibull
“B”, “C”, “D” and “T” levels, with all surge
options (“A”, “B” & “C”) available.
For Space Level applications, AVX SRC 9000
qualification is recommended (see ratings table
for part number availability).
There are four termination finishes available:
solder plated, fused solder plated, hot solder
dipped and gold plated (these are “H”, “K”, “C”
and “B” termination, respectively, per MIL-PRF-
55365). In addition, the molding compound has
been selected to meet the requirements of
UL94V-0 (Flame Retardancy) and outgassing
requirements of ASTM E-595.
For moisture sensitivity levels please refer to the
High Reliability Tantalum MSL section located in
the back of the High Reliability Tantalum Catalog.
An extended range of capacitor ratings beyond
CWR09 that is fully qualified to MIL-PRF-
55365/11, this series represents the most
flexible of surface mount form factors, offering
nine case sizes (the original A through H of
CWR09) and adds the new X case size.
The molded body / compliant termination
construction ensures no TCE mismatch with any
substrate. This construction is compatible with a
wide range of SMT board assembly processes
including wave or reflow solder, conductive
epoxy or compression bonding techniques. The
parts also carry full polarity and capacitance /
voltage marking.
The four smaller cases are characterized by their
low profile construction, with the A case being the
据外媒报道，萨里大学（University of Surrey）的研究人员开发出一种无需依赖GPS即可在人口密集的城市地区精确定位设备位置的人工智能系统。该系统可将定位误差从734米缩小到22米以内，这对于自动驾驶汽车和救援车辆等技术的发展意义重大。 图片来源： 萨里大学 在发表于《IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters》的论文中，研究人员介绍了PEn...[详细]
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