DATASHEET
ISL94212
Multi-Cell Li-Ion Battery Manager
The
ISL94212
Li-ion battery manager IC supervises up to 12
series connected cells. The part provides accurate monitoring,
cell balancing and extensive system diagnostics functions.
Three cell balancing modes are provided: Manual Balancing
mode, Timed Balancing mode and Auto Balance mode. The
Auto Balance mode terminates balancing functions when a
charge transfer value has been met.
The ISL94212 communicates to a host microcontroller via an
SPI interface and to other ISL94212 devices using a robust,
proprietary, two-wire Daisy Chain system.
The ISL94212 is offered in a 64 Ld TQFP package and is
specified for an operational temperature range of -40°C to
+85°C.
FN7938
Rev 1.00
April 23, 2015
Features
• Up to 12-cell voltage monitors, support Li-Ion CoO
2
, Li-ion
Mn
2
O
4
, and Li-ion FePO4 chemistries
• Cell voltage measurement accuracy ±10mV
• 13-bit cell voltage measurement
• Pack voltage measurement accuracy ±180mV
• 14-bit pack voltage and temperature measurements
• Cell voltage scan rate of 19.5µs per cell (234µs to scan
12 cells)
• Internal temperature monitoring
• Up to four external temperature inputs
• Robust daisy chain communications system
• Integrated system diagnostics for all key internal functions
• Hardwired and communications based fault notification
• Integrated watchdog shuts down device if communication is
lost
• 7µA shutdown current: Enable = V
SS
• 2Mbps SPI
Applications
• Light electric vehicle (LEV); E-Moto; E-Bike
• Battery backup systems; Energy Storage Systems (ESS)
• Solar Farms
• Portable and semi-portable equipment
TO OTHER DEVICES (OPTIONAL)
ISL94212
VG1 VG1
ISL94212
VG2 VG2
DHi2
DLo2
DHi2
DLo2
DHi1
DLo1
SCLK
DOUT
DIN
CS
DATA READY
FAULT
EN
VG1
HOST
MICRO
VG1
VG2
MONITOR BOARD (Daisy Chain - Optional)
MONITOR BOARD (Master or Standalone)
FIGURE 1. TYPICAL APPLICATION
FN7938 Rev 1.00
April 23, 2015
Page 1 of 96
ISL94212
Table of Contents
Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Pin Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Thermal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Timing Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Typical Performance Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Device Description and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Measurement Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Measurement Mode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Scan Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Scan Voltages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Scan Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Scan Mixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Scan Wires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Scan All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Scan Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Cell Voltage Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Temperature Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Cell Balancing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Balance Setup Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Balance Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Manual Balance Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Timed Balance Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Auto Balance Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Balance FET Drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Device Setup Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Cell Balance Enabled Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
SPI Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Full Duplex Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Half Duplex Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Non-daisy Chain Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Normal Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Alarm Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Communication Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Fault Response in Sleep Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Example Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Daisy Chain Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Daisy Chain Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Communications Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Communication Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
CRC Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Daisy Chain Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Daisy Chain Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Identify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
ACK (Acknowledge) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
NAK (Not Acknowledge). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Address All. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Alarm Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Watchdog Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Communications Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Communication Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Scan Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Daisy Chain Communications Conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Memory Checksum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Settling Time Following Diagnostic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Open Wire Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Cell Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Fault Signal Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Fault Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Wakeup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Fault Response in Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Communication and Measurement Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . 50
Measurement Timing Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Command Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Response Timing Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Communication and Measurement Timing Tables . . . . . . 56
Measurement Timing Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Command Timing Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Response Timing Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
System Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Cell Voltage Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Temperature Data, Secondary Voltage Reference
Data, Scan Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Fault Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Setup Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Cell Balance Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Reference Coefficient Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Cells In Balance Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Device Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Nonvolatile Memory (EEPROM) Checksum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Applications Circuits Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Typical Applications Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Typical Application Circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Notes on Board Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
FN7938 Rev 1.00
April 23, 2015
Page 2 of 96
ISL94212
Component Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Operating the ISL94212 with Reduced Cell Counts . . . . . . . 78
Typical Application Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Voltage Reference Bypass Capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Cell Balancing Circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Cell Voltage Measurements During Balancing. . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Balancing with Scan Continuous Mode Enabled . . . . . . . . . . 83
Daisy Chain Communications System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
External Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Board Level Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Worked Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Voltage Reference Check Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Cell Balancing – Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Cell Balancing – Timed Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Cell Balancing – Auto Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Register Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Package Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
FN7938 Rev 1.00
April 23, 2015
Page 3 of 96
ISL94212
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes
2, 3, 4)
ISL94212INZ (Note
1)
ISL94212EVKIT1Z
NOTES:
1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to
TB347
for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte tin
plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pb-free
products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level Rating (MSL) for the package, please see the Intersil
ISL94212.
For more information on handling and processing
moisture sensitive devices, please see Techbrief
TB363.
4. For other trim options, please contact
Marketing.
PART
MARKING
ISL94212INZ
Evaluation Kit
TRIM VOLTAGE, V
NOM
(V)
3.3
TEMP. RANGE
(°C)
-40 to +85
PACKAGE
(RoHS Compliant)
64 Ld TQFP
PKG.
DWG. #
Q64.10x10D
Pin Configuration
ISL94212
(64 LD 10x10 TQFP)
TOP VIEW
SCLK/DHi1
DOUT/NC
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
28
29
30
31
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
32
CS/DLo1
DIN/NC
50
VBAT
VBAT
CB12
DLo2
VC10
VC12
CB11
VC11
DHi2
NC
NC
53
52
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
CB10
VC9
CB9
VC8
CB8
VC7
CB7
VC6
CB6
VC5
CB5
VC4
CB4
VC3
CB3
VC2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
54
51
NC
DNC
EN
DATA READY
FAULT
DGND
COMMS RATE 0
COMMS RATE 1
COMMS SELECT 1
COMMS SELECT 2
DNC
BASE
DNC
V3P3
V2P5
VCC
REF
TEMPREG
FN7938 Rev 1.00
April 23, 2015
VDDEXT
NC
NC
NC
ExT1
ExT3
ExT2
ExT4
VC1
CB2
CB1
VC0
VSS
VSS
NC
Page 4 of 96
ISL94212
Pin Descriptions
SYMBOL
VC0, VC1, VC2, VC3, VC4,
VC5, VC6, VC7, VC8, VC9,
VC10, VC11, VC12
PIN NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
20, 18, 16, Battery cell voltage inputs. VCn connects to the positive terminal of CELLn and the negative terminal of
14, 12, 10, 8, CELLn+1. (VC12 connects only to the positive terminal of CELL12 and VC0 only connects with the negative
6, 4, 2, 64, terminal of CELL1.)
62, 60
19, 17, 15, Cell Balancing FET control outputs. Each output controls an external FET which provides a current path
CB1, CB2, CB3, CB4, CB5,
CB6, CB7, CB8, CB9, CB10, 13, 11, 9, 7, around the cell for balancing.
5, 3, 1, 63, 61
CB11, CB12
VBAT
VSS
ExT1, ExT2, ExT3, ExT4
58, 59
21, 22
24, 26, 28,
30
29
Main IC Supply pins. Connect to the most positive terminal in the battery string.
Ground. These pins connect to the most negative terminal in the battery string.
External temperature monitor or general purpose inputs. The temperature inputs are intended for use with
external resistor networks using NTC type thermistor sense elements but may also be used as general
purpose analog inputs at the user’s discretion. 0V to 2.5V input range.
Temperature monitor voltage regulator output. This is a switched 2.5V output, which supplies a reference
voltage to external NTC thermistor circuits to provide ratiometric ADC inputs for temperature
measurement.
External V3P3 supply input/output. Connected to the V3P3 pin via a switch, this pin may be used to power
external circuits from the V3P3 supply. The switch is open when the ISL94212 is placed in Sleep mode.
2.5V voltage reference decoupling pin. Connect a 2.0µF to 2.5µF X7R capacitor to VSS. Do not connect any
additional external load to this pin.
Analog supply voltage input. Connect to V3P3 via a 33Ω resistor. Connect a 1µF capacitor to ground.
Internal 2.5V digital supply decoupling pin. Connect a 1µF capacitor to DGND.
3.3V digital supply voltage input. Connect the emitter of the external NPN regulator transistor to this pin.
Connect a 1µF capacitor to DGND.
Regulator control pin. Connect the external NPN transistor’s base. Do not let this pin float,
Do not connect. Leave pins floating.
Communications port 1 mode select pin. Connect via a 1kΩ resistor to V3P3 for Daisy Chain
communications on port 1 or to DGND for SPI operation on port 1.
Communications port 2 mode select pin. Connect via a 1kΩ resistor to V3P3 to enable port 2 or to DGND
to disable this port.
Daisy Chain communications data rate setting. Connect via a 1kΩ resistor to DGND (‘0’) or to V3P3 (‘1’) to
select between various communication data rates.
Digital Ground.
Logic fault output. Asserted low if a fault condition exists.
SPI data ready. Asserted low when the device is ready to transmit data to the host microcontroller.
Enable input. Tie to V3P3 to enable the part. Tie to DGND to disable (all IC functions are turned off).
Serial Data Output (SPI) or
NC (Daisy Chain). 0V to 3.3V push-pull output.
Serial Data Input (SPI) or
NC (Daisy Chain). 0V to 3.3V input.
Chip-Select, active low 3.3V input (SPI) or
Daisy Chain port 1 Lo connection.
Serial-Clock Input (SPI) or
Daisy Chain port 1 Hi connection.
Daisy Chain port 2 Hi connection.
Daisy Chain port 2 Lo connection.
No internal connection.
TEMPREG
VDDEXT
REF
VCC
V2P5
V3P3
Base
DNC
Comms Select 1
Comms Select 2
Comms Rate 0,
Comms Rate 1
DGND
Fault
Data Ready
EN
DOUT/NC
DIN/NC
CS/DLo1
SCLK/DHi1
DHi2
DLo2
NC
32
33
34
35
36
38
37, 39, 48
41
40
43, 42
44
45
46
47
49
50
52
53
56
55
23, 25, 27,
31, 51, 54,
57
FN7938 Rev 1.00
April 23, 2015
Page 5 of 96
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