M-986-2R2
MFC Transceivers
Features
•
Direct A-Law PCM digital input
•
2.048 Mb/s clocking
•
Programmable forward/backward mode
•
Programmable compelled/direct control
•
Operates with standard codecs for analog
interfacing
•
Microprocessor read/write interface
•
Binary or 2-of-6 data formats
•
Single- or dual-channel versions
•
5 volt power
Applications
•
Test equipment
•
Trunk adapters
•
Paging terminals
•
Traffic recorders
•
PBXs
Description
The M-986-1R2 and -2R2 MFC Transceivers contain
all the logic necessary to transmit and receive CCITT
R2F (forward) and R2B (backward) multifrequency
signals on one 40-pin integrated circuit (IC). M-986-
1R2 is a single-channel version; M-986-2R2 provides
two channels. R1 single and dual multifrequency
transceivers are also available as M-986-1R1 and -
2R1.
Operating with a 20.48 MHz crystal, the M-986 is
capable of providing a direct digital interface to an A-
law-encoded PCM digital input. Each channel can be
connected to an analog source using a coder-decoder
(codec) as shown in the Block Diagram below.
The M-986 can be configured by the customer to
operate with the transmitter and receiver either cou-
pled together or independently, allowing it to handle a
compelled cycle automatically or via command from
the host processor. For the R2 versions of the M-986,
A-law is used for coding/decoding. The M-986 is con-
figured and controlled through an integral coprocessor
port.
Pin Assignments
Ordering Information
Part #
M-986-1R2P
M-986-1R2PL
M-986-2R2P
M-986-2R2PL
Description
40-pin plastic DIP, Single Channel
44-pin PLCC, Single Channel
40-pin plastic DIP, Dual Channel
44-pin PLCC, Dual Channel
Block Diagram
DS-M976-2R2-R3
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1
M-986-2R2
Function Description
The M-986 can be set up for various operating modes
by writing two configuration bytes to the coprocessor
port.
Configuration Options
External/Internal Codec Clock (ECLK):
If external
codec clocking is selected, an external clocking source
provides an 8kHz transmit framing clock and an 8kHz
receive framing clock. It also provides a serial bit clock
with a frequency that is a multiple of 8 kHz between
2.496 MHz and 216 kHz for exchange of data via the
serial ports. When internal codec clocking is selected,
the M-986 provides an 8kHz framing clock and a 2.048
MHz serial bit clock.
Binary/2 of 6 Input/Output (IOM):
When the 2-of-6
input/output is selected, the M-986 encodes the
received R2 MF tone pair into in a 6-bit format, where
each bit represents one of the six possible frequencies.
A logic high level indicates the presence of a frequen-
cy. The digital input to the M-986 that selects the trans-
mitted R2 MF tone pair must also be coded in the
2-of-6 format.
When binary input/output is selected, the M-986
encodes the received R2 MF tone pair into a 4 bit bina-
ry format. The digital input to the M-986 that selects the
transmitted R2 MF tone pair must also be coded in a 4
bit binary format.
Configuration Bytes
Configuration Byte 1
Bit 7
0
ECLK
IOM
ENC1
EOD1
CMP1
FB1
Bit 6
0
Bit 5
ECLK
Channels 1 & 2
Channels 1 & 2
Channel 1
Channel 1
Channel 1
Channel 1
Bit 4
IOM
Bit 3
ENC1
Bit 2
EOD1
Bit 1
CMP1
Bit 0
FB1
Enable/Disable Channel (ENC):
When a channel is
disabled, the receiver does not process its codec input
for R2 MF tones, and the transmitter does not respond
to transmit commands. If a transmit command is given
while the channel is enabled, the “tone off” command
must be given before the channel is disabled.
Disabling the channel does not automatically shut off
the transmitter. When a channel is enabled, the receiv-
er and transmitter for that channel function normally.
End-of-Digit Indication (EOD):
The end-of-digit indica-
tion option configures the M-986 to inform the host
processor when the far end terminates transmission of
the R2 MF tone it is sending. If this option is disabled,
the host processor will not be notified when tone
transmission terminates.
Automatic Compelled/Manual Sequence Signaling
(CMP):
When manual mode is selected, R2 MF tone
transmission is turned on and off only via command
from the host processor.
If the automatic mode is selected, the transmitter and
receiver perform the compelled signaling handshake
automatically. The specifics of operation are different
for the forward and backward configurations.
In forward mode, the transceiver can exist in two
states, STATE 1 and STATE 2:
•
STATE 1: No backward signal detected.
Transmitter under control of the host.
•
STATE 2: Backward signal detected.
Transmitter off unconditionally.
1 = External codec clock; 0 = Internal codec clock
1 = Binary input/output; 0 = 2-of-6 input/output
1 = Enable channel; 0 = Disable channel
1 = Indicate end of digit; 0 = No end of digit indication
1 = Automatic Compelled mode; 0 = Manual mode
1 = Forward mode (Tx forward frequencies and Rx backward frequencies)
0 = Backward mode (Tx backward frequencies and Rx forward frequencies)
Configuration Byte 2
Bit 7
0
ENC2
EOD2
CMP2
FB2
Bit 6
1
Channel 2
Channel 2
Channel 2
Channel 2
Bit 5
0
Bit 4
0
Bit 3
ENC2
Bit 2
EOD2
Bit 1
CMP2
Bit 0
FB2
1 = Enable channel; 0 = Disable channel
1 = Indicate end of digit; 0 = No end of digit indication
1 = Automatic Compelled mode; 0 = Manual mode
1 = Forward mode (Tx forward frequencies and Rx backward frequencies)
0 = Backward mode(Tx backward frequencies and Rx forward frequencies)
2
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Rev. 3
M-986-2R2
A Transmit Tone Command written while the transceiv-
er is in STATE 1 will be acted upon immediately. The
transmitter is unconditionally disabled upon entry into
STATE 2. If a transmit command is written to the trans-
ceiver while in STATE 2, that command will become
pending. Upon entry into STATE 1, a pending transmit
command is acted upon.
In backward mode, the transceiver can exist in two
states, STATE 1 and STATE 2:
STATE 1: No forward signal detected.
Transmitter off unconditionally.
STATE 2: Forward signal detected.
Transmitter transmits backward signal.
A transmit tone command written while the transceiver
is in STATE 2 will be acted upon immediately. The
transmitter is unconditionally disabled upon entry into
STATE 1. If a transmit command is written to the trans-
ceiver while in STATE 1, that command will become
pending. Upon entry into STATE 2, a pending transmit
command is acted upon.
EXAMPLE: Assume that the transceivers at both ends
of a link are configured in automatic compelled mode.
2 of 6 Coding Format
Byte
Transmit tone command
Receive tone return
CHN: 1 = channel 2;
Bit 7
1
0
0 = channel 1
Bit 6
CHN
CHN
Bit 5
F6
F6
Bit 4
F5
F5
Bit 3
F4
F4
Bit 2
F3
F3
Bit 1
F2
F2
Bit 0
F1
F1
Both transceivers are in STATE 1. A compelled signal-
ing sequence begins with the R2F host writing a trans-
mit command byte to its transceiver via the
coprocessor bus. The transceiver immediately begins
transmitting the signal.
Automatic Compelled Mode Operation
R2 MF Frequencies:
Bit name
F6
F5
F4
Forward (Hz)
1980
1860
1740
Backward (Hz)
540
660
780
Bit name
F3
F2
F1
Forward (Hz)
1620
1500
1380
Backward (Hz)
900
1020
1140
Binary Coding Format
Byte
Transmit tone command
Receive tone return
Bit 7
1
0
Bit 6
CHN
CHN
Bit 5
0
0
Bit 4
0
0
Bit 3
A
A
Bit 2
B
B
Bit 1
C
C
Bit 0
D
D
CHN: 1 = channel 2; 0 = channel 1
R2 MF Frequencies:
ABCD
Forward (Hz)
0000
Tone off
0001
1380 & 1500
0010
1380 & 1620
0011
1500 & 1620
0100
1380 & 1740
0101
1500 & 1740
0110
1620 & 1740
0111
1380 & 1860
Rev. 3
Backward (Hz)
Tone off
1140 & 1020
1140 & 900
1020 & 900
1140 & 780
1020 & 780
900 & 780
1140 & 660
ABCD
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
Forward (Hz)
1500 & 1860
1620 & 1860
1740 & 1860
1380 & 1980
1500 & 1980
1620 & 1980
1740 & 1980
1860 & 1980
Backward (Hz)
1020 & 660
900 & 660
780 & 660
1140 & 540
1020 & 540
900 & 540
780 & 540
660 & 540
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3
M-986-2R2
The R2B transceiver detects the signal, enters STATE
2, and outputs the received tone code to its host via the
coprocessor port. If the R2B host had determined the
next tone to transmit and written a transmit command
to the transceiver prior to entry into STATE 2, the state
transition will cause this tone to be transmitted.
Otherwise, the R2B transmitter waits for a transmit
tone command from the host, and starts transmitting a
tone once the transmit tone command is received.
The R2F transceiver detects the backward signal,
enters STATE 2, and outputs the received tone code to
its host. Entry into STATE 2 unconditionally disables
the transmitter.
The R2B transceiver detects the absence of signal,
enters STATE 1, and informs the host with the end-of-
tone code if configured to do so. Entry into STATE 1
unconditionally disables the transmitter.
The R2F transceiver detects the absence of signal,
enters STATE 1, and informs the host with the end-of-
tone code if configured to do so. If the R2F host had
determined the next signal to transmit and written a
transmit command to the transceiver prior to entry into
STATE 1, the state transition will cause this signal to be
transmitted. Otherwise, the transmitter remains silent
until the next transmit command by its host.
Forward/Backward Frequencies (FB):
When forward
mode is selected, the R2F (forward) frequencies are
transmitted and R2B (backward) frequencies are
received. When backward mode is selected, R2B fre-
quencies are transmitted and R2F frequencies are
received. The R2F frequencies are 1380, 1500, 1620,
1740, 1860, and 1980 Hertz. The R2B frequencies are
540, 660, 780, 900, 1020, and 1140 Hz.
Initial Configuration:
The configuration of the M-986
immediately after a reset will be as follows:
·
·
·
·
·
End-of-digit indication ON
Forward mode ON
Channel disabled
2-of-6 input/output
External serial and serial frame clocks.
Recieved Tone Detection
When a tone is detected by the M-986, the TBLF out-
put goes low, indicating reception of the tone to the
host processor. The host processor can determine
which tone was detected and which channel the tone
was detected on by reading data from the M-986
coprocessor port. The M-986 will return a single byte
indicating the tone received and the channel that the
tone was received on.The format of the returned byte
depends on whether the M-986 is configured for bina-
ry or 2-of-6 coding.
Coprocessor Port
Commands are written to the M-986 via the coproces-
sor port, and data indicating the received R2 MF tone
is read from the coprocessor port.
Writing to the Coprocessor Port:
The following
sequence describes writing a command to the M-986.
(1) The WR signal is driven low by the host processor.
(2) The RBLE (receive buffer latch empty) signal tran-
sitions to a logic high level.
(3) Data is written from LD7-LD0 to the receive buffer
latch (D7-D0) when the WR signal goes high.
(4) The RBLE signal transitions to a logic low level after
the M-986 reads the data. This signals the host
processor that the receive buffer is empty.
Note:
The RBLE should be low before writing to the
coprocessor.
Reading the Coprocessor Port:
The following
sequence describes reading received tone information
from the coprocessor port.
(1) The TBLF (transmit buffer latch full) port pin on the
M-986 goes low indicating the reception of a tone.
(2) The host processor detects the low logic level on
the TBLF pin either by polling a connected port pin or
by an interrupt.
(3) The host processor drives the RD signal low.
(4) The TBLF (transmit buffer latch full) signal transi-
tions to a logic high level.
(5) Data is driven onto LD7-LD0 by the M-986 until the
RD signal is driven high by the host processor.
Clock Characeristics and Timing
Internal Clock Option:
The internal oscillator is enabled
by connecting a crystal across X1 and X2/CLKIN. The
crystal must be 20.48 MHz, fundamental mode, and
parallel resonant, with an effective series resistance of
30 ohms, a power dissipation of 1 mW, and bespeci-
fied at a load capacitance of 20 pf.
Rev. 3
Also, the M-986 will place 00 hex on the coprocessor
port to indicate to the host processor that it is working.
Transmit Tone Command
The transmit tone command allows the host processor
to transmit any two of the 6 possible frequencies in the
transmission mode the channel has been configured
for (forward or backward). The format of the command
depends on whether the M-986 is configured for bina-
ry format or 2-of-6 format.
4
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M-986-2R2
External Clock Option:
An external frequency source
can be used by injecting the frequency directly in
X2/CLKIN, with X1 left unconnected. The external fre-
quency injected must conform to the specifications list-
ed in the External Frequency specification Table on
page 7.
Flammability/Reliability Specifications
Reliability:
Flammability:
185 FITS failures/billion hours
Passes UL 94 V-0 tests
Signal Description
Signal
DIP
Pinout
PLCC
Pinout
I/O/Z
Description
PLCC = Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
Note:
Please see the following definitions: DIP = Dual In-line Package
D15-D8
D7-D0
TBLF
RBLE
HI/LO
BIO
RD
18-11
19-26
40
1
2
9
32
13-17, 19-21
22-28, 30
44
2
3
10
36
I/O/Z
I/O/Z
O
O
I
I
I/O
Unused. Leave open.
8-bit coprocessor latch.
Transmit buffer latch full flag.
Receive buffer latch empty flag
Latch byte select pin. Tie low.
Unused. Leave open.
Used by the external processor to read from the coprocessor
latch by driving the RD line active (low), thus enabling the output
latch to drive the latched data. When the data has been read, the
external device must bring the RD line high.
Unused. Leave open.
Microcomputer mode select pin. Tie low.
Coprocessor mode select pin. Tie low.
Reset input for initializing the device. When an active low is placed
on RS pin for a minimum of five clock cycles, RD and WR are
forced high, and the data bus (D7 through D0) goes to a high
impedance state. The serial port clock and transmit outputs also go
to the high impedance state.
Used by the external processor to write data to the coprocessor
port. To write data the external processor drives the WR line low,
places data on the data bus, and then drives the WR line high to
clock the data into the on-chip latch.
Watchdog signal. Toggles at least once every 15 milliseconds when
the processor is functioning properly. If the pin is not toggled at
least once every 15 ms, the processor is lost and should be reset.
System clock output (one-fourth crystal/CLKIN frequency,
nominally 5.12 MHz).
5V supply pin.
Ground pin.
Crystal output pin for internal oscillator. If an internal oscillator is
not used, this pin should be left unconnected.
Input pin to the internal oscillator (X2) from the crystal.
Alternatively, an input pin for the external oscillator (CLKIN).
Serial-port receive-channel inputs. 2.048 MHz serial data is received
in the receive registers via these pins. DR0 = channel 1; DR1 =
channel 2
Serial-port transmit-channel outputs. 2.048 MHz serial data is
transmitted from the transmit registers on these pins.These outputs
are in the high-impedance state when not transmitting.
EXINT
MC
MC/PM
RS
5
3
27
4
6
4
31
5
I
I
I
I
WR
31
35
I/O
XF
28
32
O
CLKOUT
V
CC
V
SS
X1
X2/CLKIN
DR1 & DR0
6
30
10
7
8
33 & 29
7
34
1, 12, 18, 29
8
9
37, 33
O
I
I
O
I
I
DX1 & DX0
36 & 35
40, 39
O
Rev. 3
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5
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