AU9226
USB KVM Controller
Technical Reference Manual
AU9226
USB KVM Controller
Copyright
Copyright 1997 - 2007. Alcor Micro, Corp. All Rights Reserved. No part of this data
sheet may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system or
translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without prior
written permission from Alcor Micro, Corp.
Trademark Acknowledgements
The company and product names mentioned in this document may be the trademarks
or registered trademarks of their manufacturers.
Disclaimer
Alcor Micro, Corp. reserves the right to change this product without prior notice. Alcor
Micro, Corp. makes no warranty for the use of its products and bears no responsibility
for any error that appear in this document. Specifications are subject to change
without prior notice.
Revision History
Date Revision Description
July 2007 1.00W Official release
Modify "3.0 Pin Assignment"
Oct 2007 1.01W
Contact Information:
Web site: http://www.alcormicro.com/
Taiwan China ShenZhen Office
Alcor Micro, Corp. Rm.2407-08, Industrial Bank Building
4F, No 200 Kang Chien Rd., Nei Hu, No.4013, Shennan Road,
Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. ShenZhen,China. 518026
Phone: 886-2-8751-1984 Phone: (0755) 8366-9039
Fax: 886-2-2659-7723 Fax: (0755) 8366-9101
Santa Clara Office Los Angeles Office
2901 Tasman Drive, Suite 206 9070 Rancho Park Court
Santa Clara, CA 95054 Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
USA USA
Phone: (408) 845-9300 Phone: (909) 483-8821
Fax: (408) 845-9086 Fax: (909) 944-0464
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................ 1
1.1 Description...................................................................................1
1.2 Features........................................................................................1
2. Application Block Diagram ................................... 2
3. Pin Assignment ...................................................... 3
4. System Architecture and Reference Design ....... 7
4.1 AU9226 Block Diagram ...............................................................7
5. Hot Key Definition .................................................. 8
5.1 [Scroll]++[Scroll] mode ...............................................................8
5.2 [Caps]++[Caps] mode..................................................................8
5.3 [Num]++[Num] Mode ...................................................................9
5.4 [Ctrl]+[Shift] mode (left-hand side) ............................................9
6. Electrical Characteristics ...................................... 11
6.1 Recommended Operating Conditions .......................................11
6.2 General DC Characteristics ........................................................11
6.3 DC Electrical Characteristics of 3.3V I/O Cells..........................11
6.4 Crystal Oscillator Circuit Setup for Characterization ...............12
6.5 ESD Test Results.........................................................................12
6.6 Latch-Up Test Results.................................................................13
7. Mechanical Information ......................................... 15
7. Abbreviations ......................................................... 16
i
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Block Diagram..................................................................2
Figure 3.1 Pin Assignment Diagram ................................................3
Figure 4.1 AU9226 Block Diagram ...................................................7
Figure 6.1 Crystal Oscillator Circuit Setup for Characterization ...12
Figure 6.2 Latch-Up Test Circuits ....................................................14
Figure 7.1 Mechanical Information Diagram ...................................15
List of Tables
Table 3.1 Pin Descriptions ................................................................4
Table 6.1 Recommended Operating Conditions .............................11
Table 6.2 General DC Characteristics ..............................................11
Table 6.3 DC Electrical Characteristics of 3.3V I/O Cells ...............11
Table 6.4 ESD Data ............................................................................12
Table 6.5 LatchUp Data ...................................................................14
ii
1. Introduction
1.1 Description
AU9226 is a highly integrated single chip USB KVM controller offering users the
possibility of sharing keyboard, mouse and monitor among up to two PCs. Not like
traditional PS2 KVM devices, AU9226 uses USB as its upstream and downstream
interface to support its driver-free and plug-n-play features, which allow users to easily
install and use the KVM.
Typical application of AU9226 is under an environment, in which only one set of
monitor, keyboard and mouse is available. Applying such kind of devices in a
computing environment will not only result in a centralized control, but also reduce the
power and space consumption.
1.2 Features
Fully USB v1.1 specification compliant
Support USB bus power and device self power
Support up to 2 PCs via 2 USB upstream ports
Support USB downstream port 1 for USB keyboard
Support USB downstream port 2 for USB mouse
Support PS2 keyboard
Support both "panel button" and "hot key" to switch among PCs
Support "auto-scan" mode for users to monitor PCs easily
Support audio beep when system switches
Support upstream port selected LED indicators for each PC respectively
Support phantom keyboard to let user does not need to configure BIOS to turn
on "No halt on error"
Support 2 different sets of key sequence to switch among PCs (Please see the
key definition in the following)
Recalls "Caps Lock", "Num Lock" and "Scroll Lock" keys' status for each PC
automatically
Output the monitor selection signals to the external video-switching circuits
Support 8-bit MCU interface to provide control from external MCU
Support serial MCU interface to provide control from external MCU
No need to install device driver under Windows, Macintosh, Linux, FreeBSD
and Sun system
Support EEPRom to memorize hotkey mode
AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W 1
2. Application Block Diagram
Typical application is in a computing environment where it demands a centralized
control and space & energy saving is critical.
Figure 2.1 Block Diagram
PC 1 PC 2
USB cable USB cable Monitor Cable
Monitor cable
AU9226 KVM Selection (3x) Monitor and Audio
swtiching box
(Relay device )
Port 1
Port 2
Auto-swtich mode
default button x 1
Keyboard PS2 Keyboard Audio Devices
Mouse
Monitor
2 AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W
3. Pin Assignment
The AU9226 is delivered in 48pin LQFP form factor. Documented below is a figure
shows signal names of each pin and a table in the following page describes each pin
in more details.
Figure 3.1 Pin Assignment Diagram
MONITOREN0
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
UPUSB1_DP
UPUSB1_DM
UPUSB2_DP
UPUSB2_DM
UP1LEDN
UP2LEDN
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37
AVCC 1 36 GPO0
AVSS GPO1
XTAL1 2 35 GPO2
XTAL2 D2
VCC5V 3 34 D1
BVCC D0
BVSS 4 33 PS2_DAT
SWITCHN PS2_CLK
AUDIOSWITCHN 5 32 SWITCHMODE2
BUS_PWRD SWITCHMODE1
BEEP 6 AU9226 31 SWITCHMODE0
INTN VCC
7 30
8 29
9 28
10 27
11 26
12 25
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
VSS
EXTCPUMOD
WRN
DOWNUSB1_DM
DOWNUSB1_DP
DOWNUSB2_DM
DOWNUSB2_DP
RDN
CSN
ALE
GND
GND
AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W 3
Table 3.1 Pin Descriptions
Pin # Pin Name I/O Description
1 AVCC PWR 3.3V analog input power
2 AVSS PWR
3 XTAL1 Analog ground
4 XTAL2 I
5 VCC5V O 12 MHz crystal input
6 BVCC PWR
7 BVSS PWR 12 MHz crystal output
8 SWITCHN PWR
I 5.0V input power from USB port
9 AUDIOSWITCHN I
I 3.3V output power from internal regulator
10 BUS_PWRD O
O Ground pin of internal regulator
11 BEEP
I Button with internal pull-up for switching to next
12 INTN system (0: Enable; 1: Normal)
I Audio ON/OFF switch with internal pull-up (1:
13 GND OFF; 0: ON)
I Bus power selection (1: Device Self Power; 0: Bus
14 GND I/O Power)
I/O Audio output (4 KHz frequency) when system
15 ALE I/O switches
I/O Interrupt signal output to external MCU when
16 CSN SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD='1'
I (falling-edge triggered)
17 RDN I Ground
PWR
18 DOWNUSB2_DP Ground
19 DOWNUSB2_DM
20 DOWNUSB1_DP When not using external parallel MCU, it should be
21 DOWNUSB1_DM pulled down. Address latch enable when
SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD='1' (1: AD
22 WRN bus is address; 0: AD bus is data)
Chip enable for the MCU interface when
23 EXTCPUMOD SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD='1' (0:
Enable)
24 VSS Read strobe for the MCU interface when
SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD='1' (0:
Enable)
DownPort2 DP
DownPort2 DM
DownPort1 DP
DownPort1 DM
Read strobe for the MCU interface when
SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD ='1' (0:
Enable; 1: Normal)
External MCU mode selection (1: Parallel; 0:
Serial). Serial is the default mode.
Digital ground
4 AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W
Pin # Pin Name I/O Description
25 VCC PWR 3.3V digital input power
I
26 SWITCHMODE0 I Switch mode selection (SW0, SW1) for internal
I hotkey mode when SWITCHMODE2='0' and
27 SWITCHMODE1 D2='0', it's defined as:
I/O (0, 0): [Scroll][Scroll] mode (default)
28 SWITCHMODE2 I/O (0, 1): [Caps Lock][Caps Lock] mode
(1, 0): [Num Lock][Num Lock] mode
29 PS2_CLK I/O (1, 1): [Ctrl][Shift] mode (left-hand side)
Enable external MCU mode (1: Enable; 0:
30 PS2_DAT I/O Disable). Disable is the default setting.
31 D0 I/O PS2 clock signal (external pull-up required)
32 D1 O PS2 data signal (external pull-up required)
O
33 D2 O Bit 0 with internal pull-up in address/data bus of
O MCU interface when SWITCHMODE2='1' and
34 GPO2 I/O EXTCPUMOD='1'. It also provides alternative
I/O functions:
35 GPO1 I2C bus SDA signal (slave mode) when
SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD='0'
36 GPO0 I2C bus SDA signal (master mode) when
SWITCHMODE2='0' and D2='1'
37 MONITOREN0 Bit 1 with internal pull-up in address/data bus of
MCU interface when SWITCHMODE2='1' and
38 D3 EXTCPUMOD='1'. It also provides alternative
functions:
39 D4 I2C bus SCL signal (slave mode) when
SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD='0'
I2C bus SCL signal (master mode) when
SWITCHMODE2='0' and D2='1'
Bit 2 with internal pull-down in address/data bus of
MCU interface when SWITCHMODE2='1' and
EXTCPUMOD='1'. It also provides alternative
functions:
I2C bus address 0 (slave mode) when
SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD='0'
I2C bus master mode enable bit when
SWITCHMODE2='0'
General purpose output pin 2
General purpose output pin 1
General purpose output pin 0
Monitor Select : ('0' : Monitor1 Select ; `1' :
Monitor2 Select)
Data3 or Address3 when SWITCHMODE2='1' and
EXTCPUMOD='1'; I2C slave address1 when
SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD='0';
Data4 or Address4 when SWITCHMODE2='1' and
EXTCPUMOD='1'; I2C slave address2 when
SWITCHMODE2='1' and EXTCPUMOD='0';
AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W 5
Pin # Pin Name I/O Description
40 D5 I/O Data5 or Address5 when SWITCHMODE2='1' and
EXTCPUMOD='1'
41 D6
I/O Data6 or Address6 when SWITCHMODE2='1' and
42 D7 EXTCPUMOD='1'
43 UPUSB1_DP
44 UPUSB1_DM I/O Data7 or Address7 when SWITCHMODE2='1' and
45 UPUSB2_DP EXTCPUMOD='1'
46 UPUSB2_DM
47 I/O Upstream Port 1 DP
48 UP1LEDN
UP2LEDN I/O Upstream Port 1 DM
I/O Upstream Port 2 DP
I/O Upstream Port 2 DM
O System 1 LED Indicator
O System 2 LED Indicator
6 AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W
4. System Architecture and Reference
Design
4.1 AU9226 Block Diagram
Figure 4.1 AU9226 Block Diagram
Host 1 Host 2
USB Protocol USB Protocol
Engine Engine
Downstream Downstream
Port Port
Downstream Downstream Switch
Port Data Port Data Detection
Checker Multiplexor
port 1: USB Keyboard; port 2: USB Mouse; PS2 port: PS2 Keyboard
AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W 7
5. Hot Key Definition
AU9226 supports 2 sets of "Hot Key" to help users to switch PC, rapidly and easily, via
hot key sequence defined using keypads on the left hand side of a keyboard.
5.1 [Scroll]++[Scroll] mode
Hot Key Definition
[Scroll] ++ [Scroll] + 1 (note1) Switch to PC1
[Scroll] ++ [Scroll] + 2 Switch to PC2
[Scroll] ++ [Scroll] + or Switch to Next PC
[Scroll] ++ [Scroll] + or Switch to Previous PC
[Scroll] ++ [Scroll] + B Beeper ON/OFF (note2)
[Scroll] ++ [Scroll] + S Auto-scan mode every 10 second. ([ESC] switch to
[Scroll] ++ [Scroll] + S + n regular key code)
[Scroll]++[Scroll]+F1~F8 Set Auto-scan rate (note3). ([ESC) switch to regular
key code)
Customer define key (note4).
[Scroll]++[Scroll]+[Caps] Switch to [Caps]++[Caps] hot key mode
[Scroll]++[Scroll]+[Num] Switch to [Num]++[Num] hot key mode
[Scroll]++[Scroll]+[Ctrl] Switch to [Ctrl]+[Shift] hot key mode
5.2 [Caps]++[Caps] mode
Hot Key Definition
[Caps]++[Caps]+1 Switch to PC1
[Caps]++[Caps]+2 Switch to PC2
[Caps]++[Caps]+ or Switch to Next PC
[Caps]++[Caps]+ or Switch to Previous PC
[Caps]++[Caps]+B Beeper ON/OFF (note2)
[Caps]++[Caps]+S Auto-scan mode every 10 second. ([ESC] switch to
[Caps]++[Caps]+S + n regular key code)
[Caps]++[Caps]+F1~F8 Set Auto-scan rate (note3). ([ESC] switch to regular
key code)
Customer define key (note4)
[Caps]++[Caps]+[Scroll] Switch to [Scroll]++[Scroll] hot key mode
[Caps]++[Caps]+[Num] Switch to [Num]++[Num] hot key mode
[Caps]++[Caps]+[Ctrl] Switch to [Ctrl]+[Shift] hot key mode
8 AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W
5.3 [Num]++[Num] Mode
Hot Key Definition
[Num]++[Num]+1 Switch to PC1
[Num]++[Num]+2 Switch to PC2
[Num]++[Num]+ or Switch to Next PC
[Num]++[Num]+ or Switch to Previous PC
[Num]++[Num]+B Beeper ON/OFF (note2)
[Num]++[Num]+S
[Num]++[Num]+S + n Auto-scan mode every 10 second. ([ESC] switch to
[Num]++[Num]+F1~F8 regular key code)
Set Auto-scan rate (note3). ([ESC] switch to regular
key code)
Customer define key (note4)
[Num]++[Num]+[Scroll] Switch to [Scroll]++[Scroll] hot key mode
[Num]++[Num]+[Caps] Switch to [Caps]++[Caps] hot key mode
[Num]++[Num]+[Ctrl] Switch to [Ctrl]+[Shift] hot key mode
5.4 [Ctrl]+[Shift] mode (left-hand side)
Hot Key Definition
[Ctrl]++[Ctrl] Switch to next live PC
[Ctrl + Shift + 1] Switch to PC1
[Ctrl + Shift + 2] Switch to PC2
[Ctrl + Shift + or ] Switch to Next PC
[Ctrl + Shift + or ] Switch to Previous PC
[Ctrl + Shift + B] Beeper ON/OFF (note2)
[Ctrl + Shift + S] Auto-scan mode every 10 second. ([ESC] switch to
regular key code)
[Ctrl + Shift + S + n] Set Auto-scan rate (note3). ([ESC] switch to regular
[Ctrl + Shift + F1~F8] key code)
[Ctrl + Shift + Scroll] Customer define key (note4)
[Ctrl + Shift + Caps]
[Ctrl + Shift + Num] Switch to [Scroll]++[Scroll] hot key mode
Switch to [Caps]++[Caps] hot key mode
Switch to [Num]++[Num] hot key mode
Note 1: "++" means press key rapidly, "[Scroll]++[Scroll]+1" means press "Scroll"
twice rapidly and then press "1". If system receives "Scroll ++ Scroll" command only,
system will reset the buffer when it does not receive any input comes after within a
defined interval of time (say, 5 seconds).
Note 2: Audible feedback when beeper is ON and keep the device in silent mode
when beeper is OFF.
Note 3: n = number from 1 to 9, each represents 5 seconds' interval latency to 60
seconds correspondingly.
AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W 9
Auto-scan rate set
Nnumber Second
1 5
2 10
3 15
4 20
5 25
6 30
7 35
8 40
9 60
Note 4: GPO 2 GPO 1 GPO 0
0 0 0
Function key +F1 0 0 1
Function key +F2 0 1 0
Function key +F3 0 1 1
Function key +F4 1 0 0
Function key +F5 1 0 1
Function key +F6 1 1 0
Function key +F7 1 1 1
Function key +F8
10 AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W
6. Electrical Characteristics
6.1 Recommended Operating Conditions
Table 6.1 Recommended Operating Conditions
SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNITS
VCC Power Supply 4.75 5 5.25 V
V
VIN Input Voltage 0 VCC OC
OC
TORP Operating Temperature 0 85
TSTG Storage Temperature -40 125
6.2 General DC Characteristics
Table 6.2 General DC Characteristics
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
IIL Input low current no pull-up or -1 1 A
pull-down 1 A
10 A
IIH Input high current no pull-up or -1
pull-down
OZ Tri-state leakage current -10
CIN Input capacitance 5 F
COUT Output capacitance 5 F
CBID
Bi-directional buffer 5 F
capacitance
6.3 DC Electrical Characteristics of 3.3V I/O Cells
Table 6.3 DC Electrical Characteristics of 3.3V I/O Cells
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Limits UNIT
TYP MAX
VIL Input Low Voltage CMOS 0.9 V
VIH Input Hight Voltage CMOS 2.3 V
VOL Output low voltage IOL=4mA, 16mA 0.4 V
VOH Output high voltage IOH=4mA,16mA 2.4 V
RI Input Pull-up/down Vil=0V or 10k/20 K
resistance Vih=VCC 0k
AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W 11
6.4 Crystal Oscillator Circuit Setup for Characterization
The following setup was used to measure the open loop voltage gain for crystal
oscillator circuits. The feedback resistor serves to bias the circuit at its quiescent
operating point and the AC coupling capacitor, Cs, is much larger than C1 and C2.
Figure 6.1 Crystal Oscillator Circuit Setup for Characterization
6.5 ESD Test Results
Test Description: ESD Testing was performed on a Zapmaster system using the
Human-Body Model (HBM) and Machine-Model (MM), according to MIL_STD 883
and EIAJ IC_121 respectively.
Human-Body-Model stress devices by sudden application of a high voltage
supplied by a 100 PF capacitor through 1.5 Kohm resistance.
Machine-Model stresses devices by sudden application of a high voltage
supplied by a 200 PF capacitor through very low (0 ohm) resistance
Test circuit & condition
Zap Interval : 1 second
Number of Zaps : 3 positive and 3 negative at room temperature
Critera : I-V Curve Tracing
Table 6.4 ESD Data
Model Model S/S TARGET Results
HBM Vdd, Vss, I/C 15 2000V TBD
MM Vdd, Vss, I/C
15 200V TBD
12 AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W
6.6 Latch-Up Test Results
Test Description: Latch-Up testing was performed at room ambient using an
IMCS-4600 system which applies a stepped voltage to one pin per device with all
other pins open except Vdd and Vss which were biased to 5 Volts and ground
respectively.
Testing was started at 5.0 V (Positive) or 0 V(Negative), and the DUT was biased for
0.5 seconds.
If neither the PUT current supply nor the device current supply reached the predefined
limit (DUT=0 mA , Icc=100 mA), then the voltage was increased by 0.1 Volts and the
pin was tested again.
This procedure was recommended by the JEDEC JC-40.2 CMOS Logic
standardization committee.
Notes:
1. DUT: Device Under Test.
2. PUT: Pin Under Test.
Icc Measurement
m V Supply
1 Source +
Untested Piinn Vcc Untested
Output Open
uunnddeerr Circuit
Input Tied tteesstt DUT
+ to V supply GND
Trigger
Source
Test Circuit : Positive Input/ output Overvoltage /Overcurrent
AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W 13
Icc Measurement
mA V Supply
1 Source Pin Vcc Untested +
under
Untested Output Open
Input Tied test DUT
to V supply Circuit
GND
+
Trigger
Source
Test Circuit: Negative Input/Output Overvoltage/Overcurrent
Icc Measurement
mA V Supply
Vcc Untested +
DUT Output Open
All Input Tied Circuit
to V supply
GND
Supply voltage Test
Figure 6.2 Latch-Up Test Circuits
Model Model Voltage (v)/ Current (mA) S/S Results
Voltage + 11.0 5 TBD
- 11.0
TBD
Current + 200 5 TBD
- 200
Vdd-Vxx 9.0 5
Table 6.5 LatchUp Data
14 AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W
7. Mechanical Information
Figure 7.1 Mechanical Information Diagram
E
E1
0.25
GAUGE PLANE
SEATING PLANE A1
D D1
L
L1
C1 A2 A
b e
SYMBOLS MIN. MAX. 1. JEDEC OUTLINE: MS-026 BBC
A 2. DIMENSIONS D1 AND E1 DO NOT
A1 -- 1.6
A2 INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION.
c1 0.05 0.15 ALLOWABLE PROTRUSION IS 0.25mm
D PER SIDE. D1 AND E1 ARE MAXIMUM
D1 1.35 1.45 PLASTIC BODY SIZE DIMENSIONS
E IMCLUDING MOLD MISMATCH.
E1 0.09 0.16 3. DIMENSION b DOES NOT INCLUDE
e DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE
b 9.00 BSC DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL NOT
L CAUSE THE LEAD WIDTH TO EXCEED
L1 7.00 BSC THE MAXIMUM b DIMENSION BY MORE
THAN 0.08mm
9.00 BSC
7.00 BSC
0.5 BSC
0.17 0.27
0.45 0.75
1 REF
AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W 15
7. Abbreviations
In this chapter some of the terms and abbreviations used throughout the technical
reference manual are listed as follows.
SIE Serial Interface Engine
UTMI USB Transceiver Macrocell Interface
About Alcor Micro, Corp.
Alcor Micro, Corp. designs, develops and markets highly integrated and advanced
peripheral semiconductor, and software driver solutions for the personal computer
and consumer electronics markets worldwide. We specialize in USB solutions and
focus on emerging technology such as USB and IEEE 1394. The company offers a
range of semiconductors including controllers for USB hub, integrated keyboard/USB
hub and USB Flash memory card reader...etc. Alcor Micro, Corp. is based in Taipei,
Taiwan, with sales offices in Taipei, Japan, Korea and California. Alcor Micro is
distinguished by its ability to provide innovative solutions for spec-driven products.
Innovations like single chip solutions for traditional multiple chip products and
on-board voltage regulators enable the company to provide cost-efficiency solutions
for the computer peripheral device OEM customers worldwide.
16 AU9226 USB KVM Controller V1.01W
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